Post on 18-Sep-2020
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Byron Reyes, Rick Bernsten, Mywish Maredia, and Eric CrawfordPrepared for the DGP CRSP Global Meeting
Rwanda, Feb. 13-17, 20121
Seed Systems as a Basis for Achieving Impacts from Research Investments in Bean and Cowpea Breeding
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Impact Pathways Recalled
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Going from Outcomes to Impact
Outputs need to be delivered to ‘end users’
There are different alternatives to do this, each involving different stakeholders but related to seed systems
The question we want to answer is: Why are seed systems important in order to achieve impact?
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Outline Will present three case studies:
• Honduras: high volumes of certified seed distributed for free
• Ecuador: low volumes of non-conventional seed sold
• Senegal: certified seed produced
Additional considerations
Discussion
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Honduras: high volumes of certified seed distributed for free
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Seed System
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PIF/EAP
Seed Unit EAP Seed Unit DICTA Hondugenet
PAS Network
Government’s Seed Distribution Program (BTP)
MAG’s Certif. Unit
Bean Producers
CIALs (seed + bean
producers)
NGOs
Markets (grain)
Recycled seed
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Impact on producers
Government’s seed program initiated in 2006/2007
In four years, it distributed for free 3,152 MT of certified seed
Rough total cost of certified seed => US$6.9 million (@ $100/cwt or 45kg-sack)
On average, 34,672 small-to-medium farmers received certified seed each year
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Impact on producers (continued)
Certified seed data suggests average (4 yrs.) adoption rates of 18%
Experts estimate adoption rates of 45% for the same period (certified + recycled)
Yield gains of new IVs = 12 kg/ha/yr Using expert estimations (1991-2015):
NPV = US$ 36.6 million IRR = 26%
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Ecuador: low volumes of non-conventional seed sold
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Seed System
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PRONALEG-GA/INIAP
CIAL “Semilleristas”
ASOCIAL
Bean Producers
NGOs
MAG’s Nat. Seed Council
Traders clean grain & sell it
@ higher price
Recycled seed
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Impact on producers
ASOCIAL started producing seed in 2007/2008 in Northern Ecuador
In three years, it sold 38 MT of ‘non-conventional’ seed
Rough total cost of seed => US$79,420 (@ $95/cwt or 45kg sack)
Farmers (many CIAL members) purchase this seed (no free seed)
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Impact on producers (continued)
Non-conventional seed data suggests average (3 yrs.) adoption rates of 2%
Experts estimate average adoption rates of 49% for the same period (non-conventional + recycled)
Yield gains of new IVs = 21 kg/ha/yr Using expert estimations (1991-2015):
NPV = US$ 7.2 million IRR = 35%
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Senegal: certified seed produced
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Seed System
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ISRA (Breeder + Foundation)
DISEM (Seed Certif. Unit)
NGOs Producer Organizations
Private Org.
Directorate of Plant
Protection
Cowpea ProducersRecycled seed Markets
(grain)
Experienced farmers
(Foundation)
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Preliminary results on Impact In 2010, approx. 2.5 MT of breeder seed of
two IVs were produced by ISRA Preliminary results suggest that in 2010:
1. 45% of sampled HH plant at least one cowpea IV & 38% of the sampled cowpea area was planted to IVs
2. Melakh (1993) and Yacine (2004) are the most widely planted IVs across the sampled farmers
3. Most adopters of IVs planted recycled seed or seed purchased in the market (grain)
4. Average yields in the sample are 244 kg/ha (IVs) vs. 104 kg/ha (TVs) (***)
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Additional considerations Aware of issues regarding seed quality
and timely deliver (Honduras, Senegal) Demand for ‘non-conventional’ seed is
mainly from CIAL members (Ecuador) Sustainable seed systems (avoid bubble
market--free seed problem) Farmers need technical assistance in
addition to receiving seed New varieties need to have traits
demanded by farmers and consumers16
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Thanks for your attention!