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Secularization II

?s

• Subtraction thesis

• Sociological reality

• Modern malaise

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Approaches

• History - they agree

• Weber - ideas generate

• Marx - economics generate– struggle– Sensorium, sensual, materialism

Marcel GauchetThe Disenchantement of the World

A Political History of Religion• Primeaval religion

• State

• Monotheism

• Christianity

• Religion Dies

Marcel Gauchet

• Problems?– Primeaval?– Essences give possibilities?

Charles TaylorA Secular Age

• Secularity 1,2,3

• Generated within theology - like Weber

• Social Imaginary

Charles TaylorA Secular Age

• Immanent Frame

• Buffered Self

• Disenchantment

• Mobilization

• Nova Effect

Taylor

• Problems - Western, others?

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Joseph LoughWeber and the Persistence of Religion

a very strange thing, abounding in metaphysical subtleties and theological niceties. So far as it is a use value, there is nothing mysterious about it… But as soon as it emerges as a commodity, it changes into a thing which transcends sensousness…” Marx – Capital

“Value suddenly presents itself as a self-moving substance which passes through

a process of its own, and for which commodities and money are mere

forms”

Marx Capital

Lough

• 1300s first isolated value - from its material form and then it retreated into the sublime interior

• Virgin Mary• Wounds of Jesus• Eucharist• Money• Time

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Garafalo Ascension of Christ 1510-20

Lough - Consequences

• From 900- 1450 less than 1/2 million died for state

• 1500s increase 40 fold - 8 million

• 1700s 18 million

• 1800s 48 million

• 1900s 188 million

Lough Consequences

• .6% of population in 1700s• 1+% in 1800s• 4.5% in 1900s• “the intimate relationship between contemporary

spirituality and the value form of the commodity has formed a substance more toxic than any other in history”

• But historical, not unchanging• problems?

What is Religion?

Talal Asad

Is secularism a colonial imposition, an entire worldview that gives precedence to the material over the spiritual, a modern culture of alienation and unrestrained pleasure? Or is it necessary to universal humanism, a rational principle that calls for the suppression… of religious passion so that a dangerous source of intolerance and delusion can be controlled and political unity, peace and progress secured?” Asad Genealogies, 21

Belief?

• Include? Exclude? Why? By Whom? With what consequences?

Belief

• Christian History - Reformation - Gauchet

• Locke’s Toleration– Autonomous minds– What of seduction and coercion of the market?– Other forms of collectivity? Mutual Aid,

conformity

Tomoko MasuzawaThe Invention of World Religions

• 4 parts -Christian, Jew Mohammaden and others• Now Bunch of “World Religions”• Toleration?• Universals?• Comparative Philology - Indo-European roots• Belief?

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Other Models: Sensorium

• Changing Sensorium

• Ritual as Repressive?

• Belief a freeing?

Moderate Islam and US imperialism today

Sum Up

• What generates modernity?

• How are capitalism, theology and politics related?

• What is the form of modern religiosity and its possibilities?

• Sort of Weberian // Gauchet--Taylor

• Sort of Marxist// Lough--Asad--Masuzawa