ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 1

SDH MULTIPLEXING

BYTX-I FACULTYALTTC, GZB.

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 2

BASIC PHILOSOPHY

• MULTIPLEXING IS REQUIRED TO TRANSMIT

SO MANY INFORMATION ON THE SAME

PATH.

• SO IN CASE OF SDH MULTIPLEXING TIME

REMAINS THE SAME IN WHICH WE CAN

TRANSMIT THE INFORMATION OF SO MANY

CHANNELS BY WAY OF INTERLEAVING

METHOD.

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 3

DEFINITION OF DIFFERENT TERMINOLOGY

• STM- IT IS THE FINAL INFORMATION STRUCTURE

WHICH IS TO BE SUPERIMPOSED OVER THE LASER

FOR TRANSMISSION TO DISTANT END.

• IT IS THE SIGNAL WHICH IS AVAILABLE FOR

TRANSMISSION WHEN ALL THE MUXING IS OVER.

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 4

PATH• PATH INDICATES THE LANE THROUGH WHICH

THE INPUT SIGNAL IS ALLOWED TO PASS TO REACH UP TO HIGHER ORDER PATH OR TO SOME OTHER HIGHER LEVEL

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SECTION• SECTION INDICATES THAT NOW DATA IS

PROCESSED COMPLETELY AND IS AVAILABLE FOR

MODULATION OVER THE LASER

• IN MOST OF THE CASES SOME OVERHEAD HOUSE

KEEPING BITS ARE ALSO ADDED JUST BEFORE

MODULATION

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CONTAINER

• AS THE NAME SUGGESTS IT IS A BOX OF FIXED

SIZE WITH VERY LITTLE ELASTICITY

• THIS BOX CAN TAKE VARIETY OF PDH

INPUTS( MAX=2).

• CONTAINER IS THE FIRST ITEM IN THE CHAIN OF SDH

MAPPING/MULTIPLEXING

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VIRTUAL CONTAINER

• IT IS THE SECOND ITEM IN THE CHAIN OF

MULTIPLEXING

• CONTAINER ADDED WITH SOME PATH OVERHEAD

IS CALLED VIRTUAL CONTAINER

• CONTAINER AND VIRTUAL CONTAINER ARE

CALLED PATH

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PATH LEVEL• IF WE ARE STARTING THE MUX CHAIN FROM 2MB OR

1.5MB LEVEL THEN WE ARE FOLLOWING THE

LOWER ORDER PATH.

• IF WE ARE STARTING THE MUX CHAIN FROM 34 OR

140 MB LEVEL THEN WE ARE AT THE HIGHER

ORDER PATH.

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 9

TU

VC

C

FIRST THREE STAGES OF MULTIPLEXING

PATH

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 10

TRIBUTARY UNIT

• TRIBUTARY UNIT IS AN AGENT THAT PROVIDES

ADAPTATION OR HANDSHAKE BETWEEN HIGHER

ORDER PATH AND LOWER ORDER PATH

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 11

VIRTUALCONTAINER

CONTAINER

POINTER

TRIBUTARY UNIT

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ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT

• ADMINISTRATIVE UNIT PROVIDES ADAPTATION OR

HANDSHAKE BETWEEN FINAL FRAME

LAYER(SECTION LAYER) AND HIGHER ORDER PATH

LAYER

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 13

POINTER• AS THE NAME INFERS, POINTER POINTS TO THE

START OF THE FRAME WHEN COMPARED TO

OMNIPRESENT SYCHRONOUS CLOCK

• VALUE OF THE POINTER INDICATES THE ACTUAL

OFFSET

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SDH MAPPING

• SDH MAPPING IS THE PROCESS BY WHICH INPUT

DATA IS FILLED IN THE FIRST BOX ,THAT IS,

CONTAINER.

• DATA MAY NOT BE OF THE IDEAL SIZE TO GET

ADJUSTED IN THE BOX BUT VARIATIONS SHOULD

NOT EXCEED THE ELASTIC LIMIT OF THE BOX

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SDH MULTIPLEXING

• PROCESS OF ADAPTAION OF LOWER ORDER PATH

IN TO HIGHER ORDER PATH IS CALLED

MULTIPLEXING.

• PROCESS OF ADAPTAION OF HIGHER ORDER PATH

IN TO SECTION LAYER IS ALSO CALLED

MULTIPLEXING.

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 16

SDH ALIGNING• ALIGNING IN SDH IS CALLED THE ALIGNING OF THE

LOCAL FRAME OF SDH WITH THE GLOBAL CLOCK

FLOWING IN THE RING.

• ALIGNING TAKES PLACE AT THE ADMINISTRATIVE

UNIT

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 17

SDH RATES• STM-1 = 155.520 MB/S

• STM-4 = 622.080 MB/S

• STM-16 = 2488.32 MB/S

• STM-64 = 9953.28 MB/S

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 18

NO OF ROWS IN FRAME: 9NO OF COLUMNS: 270NO OF BYTES IN FRAME: 270*9NO OF BITS IN A FRAME: 270*9*8FRAME DURATION: 125usNO OF BITS TRANSMITTED IN ONE SECOND: 270*9*8*1000000 -------------------------- 125

=155.520Mb/S

SDH BIT RATE CALCULATION

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 19

POINTER PAY LOAD

RSOH

OVERHEAD

MSOH

1

9

2709

34

FINAL SDH FRAME

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C4C4140MB/S

C4C4+

POH

= VC4VC4

MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 21

MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs

VC4VC4+POINTER

VC4VC4 AU-4

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 22

FLOATING PAYLOAD

VC4VC4 AU-4

VC4VC4 AUG

FIXED PAYLOAD

MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 23

STM-IMSOHMSOH

VC4VC4 AUG+

RSOHRSOH

MSOHMSOH

= VC4VC4

RSOHRSOH

MAPPING OF PDH 140 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 24

MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

+

C3

C3 POH VC3

34MB/S

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 25

VC3

+ =

POINTER

TU3

MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 26

TU3

AFTER ALIGNMENT =

TUG3

MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 27

TUG3 TUG3TUG3

VC-4

MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 28

VC4VC4+POINTER

VC4VC4 AU-4

MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 29

VC4VC4 AU-4

VC4VC4 AUG

FIXED PAYLOAD

MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 30

MSOHMSOH

VC4VC4 AUG+

RSOHRSOH

MSOHMSOH

= VC4VC4

RSOHRSOH

MAPPING OF PDH 34 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 31

2MB

C1VC12

PATH OVER HEAD

MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 32

MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

VC12 TU12

+

POINTER

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 33

TU12 TU12 TU12

TUG 2

MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 34

C12

VC12POH

TU12POINTER

TU12

TU12 TU12 TU12

TUG2

MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 35

TUG2 TUG2 TUG2 TUG2

1 2 3 7

TUG3NPI

NPI

MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 36

TUG3 TUG3TUG3

VC-4

MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 37

MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

VC4VC4+POINTER

VC4VC4 AU-4

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 38

VC4VC4 AU-4

VC4VC4 AUG

FIXED PAYLOAD

MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 39

STM-IMSOHMSOH

VC4VC4 AUG+

RSOHRSOH

MSOHMSOH

= VC4VC4

RSOHRSOH

MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 40

TUG3 TUG3TUG3

MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 41

TUG2

TUG2

TUG2

TUG2

TUG2

TUG2

TUG2 TUG2TUG2

TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2

TUG2

TUG2 TUG2

TUG2

TUG2

TUG2

MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 42

TUG2

TUG2

TUG2

TUG2

TUG2

TUG2

TUG2TUG2

TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2

TUG2 TUG2

TUG2

TUG2 TUG2

TUG2

TUG2

TUG2

TU12 TU12 TU12

TUG2

TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12 TU12

MAPPING OF PDH 2 Mbs

PAYLOAD

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 43

SDH-MAPPING

• MAPPING IS THE PROCESS THROUGH WHICH

PDH TRIBUTARY IS ALLOWED TO BE ADAPTED

IN THE CONTAINER

• FOR THREE DIFFERENT TRIBUTARY THERE ARE THREE DIFFERENT CONTAINERS

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 44

MAPPING OF 139.264Kb/S

• THIS SIGNAL, E4 WILL GO TO C-4, C-4 HAS 9 ROWS AND 260 COLUMNS IN 125 MICROSECONDS

• ONE ROW IS BIFURCATED IN TO 20 BLOCKS OF 13 BYTES

• ONE BLOCK IS IN THE FORM OF ONE BYTE IN THE FORM OF W/X/Y/Z BYTE FOLLOWED BY 12 BYTES OF DATA

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 45

G.709 MAPPING GRAPH

W =D1..D8, Y=R1..R8, X = CR1..R7, Z = D1..D6SR

=DATA

= W

=X

= Y

=Z

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 46

PERMISSIBLE OFFSET CALCULATION

• TOTAL NUMBER OF INFORMATION BITS IN

ONE ROW = 1934 BITS

• JUSTIFICATION BITS = 5

• OPPORTUNITYBITS = 1

• STUFF B ITS = 140

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 47

MAPPING OF E3 IN C3

• C-3 IS 9 ROWS BY 84 COLUMNS IN 125

MICROSECONDS

• THIS PAYLOAD IS DIVIDED IN TO THREE• SUBFRAMES

• EACH SUBFRAME IS DIVIDED IN THREE ROWS

• EACH ROW IS DIVIDED IN TO 16 BLOCKS OF 4

BYTES AND 4 BLOCKS OF 5 BYTES

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 48

X X X Y X X X X

Z X

X B

X

X X X A X X X

X = R+24BITS

Y = RR+24BITS

Z=RC+24BITS

A=RR + 24BITSB=RC +24BITS

FIRST ROW

R= ALL FIXED STUFFC= 6 FIXED STUFF BITS +2 CBITS

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 49

X X X Y X X X X

Z X

X B

X

X X X A X X X

X = R+24BITS

Y = RR+24BITS

Z=RC+24BITS

A=RR + 24BITSB=RC +24BITS

R= ALL FIXED STUFFC= 6 FIXED STUFF BITS +2 CBITS

SECOND ROW

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 50

X X X Y X X X X

Z X

X B1

X

X X X A X X X

X =R+24BITS

Y = RR+24BITS

Z=RC+24BITS

A=RR+ 24BITSB1=RR +a + b+8BITS

THIRD ROW

a+b = 7 R BITS + 7 D BITS + 2 S BITS

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 51

PERMISSIBLE OFFSET CALCULATION

• TOTAL NUMBER OF DATA BITS IN SUBFRAME

=1431

• JUSTIFICATION BITS = 10

• OPPORTUNITY BITS = 2

• FIXED STUFF BITS = 573

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 52

MAPPING OF E1 IN TO C12

• C12 IS 136 BYTES IN 500 MICROSECOND

• IT IS ONLY IN THE CASE OF E1 THAT THE

FRAMEDURATION IS FOUR FOLD ELSE IT IS 125

MICROSECOND TO MAKE THE THINGS CLEAR

IT IS CALLED MULTIFRAME

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 53

32 BYTES 32BYTES 32BYTES 31BYTER8 R8C1C2R6

R8C1C2R6

R8

C1C2R5S1

R8S2D7

C12 CONFIGURATION

500 MICROSECONDS

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 54

PERMISSIBLE OFFSET CALCULATION

• TOTAL NUMBER OF INFORMATION BITS =1023

• JUSTIFICATION BITS=6

• OPPORTUNITY BITS=2

• FIXED STUFF BITS =57

• IN 500 MICROSECONDS

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 55

A1 A1 A1 A2 A2 A2 J0B1D1

E1D2

F1D2

B2 B2 B2 K1

D5D8

D11

D4

D7D10S1

K2D6D9

D12

E2M1RSOH: ROWS 1-3MSOH: ROWS 5-9BYTES LOCATION FOR STM-N: IDENTIFIED BY S(a,b,c);

a=row; b=column; c=depth.

DESCRIPTION OF OVERHEADS BYTES

POINTER

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 56

A1 & A2 FRAMING BYTES; A1=11110110, A2=00101000

J0 &Z0 J0 at S(1,7,1) USED AS SECTION ACCESS POINTIDENTIFIER USING A 16-BYTE FRAME.Z0 at S(1,7,2) - S(1,7,N) RESERVED FOR FUTURE USE

B1 BIP-8; FOR REGN. SECTION ERROR MONITORING

E1 ORDERWIRE IN REGN. SECTION

F1 USER CHANNEL TO PROVIDE DATA/VOICE CONNECTION FOR MTCE PURPOSES.

D1-D3 DCC FOR REGN. SECTION (192 kbps)

DESSCRIPTION OF SECTION OVERHEADS BYTES

ALTTC TX-I/SDH/MUX 57

Thank you.