Screen designScreen design

Week - 7Week - 7

Emphasis in Human-ComputerEmphasis in Human-ComputerInteractionInteraction

Usability in Software EngineeringUsability in Software Engineering User InterfaceUser Interface

What is Usability?What is Usability?

LearnabilityLearnability EfficiencyEfficiency SatisfactionSatisfaction

Less EffortLess Effort

Reduce time to performReduce time to perform Reduce error rateReduce error rate

Defining the User InterfaceDefining the User Interface

What the user interface includesWhat the user interface includes– What user sees, touches, hears, etc.What user sees, touches, hears, etc.– How the user is allowed to interact with the How the user is allowed to interact with the

systemsystem– Technologies to facilitate the interactionTechnologies to facilitate the interaction

Defining the User InterfaceDefining the User Interface

What the user interface includes (cont.)What the user interface includes (cont.)– Hardware the user sees and touchesHardware the user sees and touches– Software that permits user to create and modify Software that permits user to create and modify

interface featuresinterface features– Off-line materials, e.g., a manualOff-line materials, e.g., a manual

Defining the User InterfaceDefining the User Interface

Components of interactionComponents of interaction– Physical acts -- move a mouse, press a key, etc.Physical acts -- move a mouse, press a key, etc.– Perceptual acts -- recognize an icon, perceive Perceptual acts -- recognize an icon, perceive

system state, etc.system state, etc.– Cognitive acts -- formulate task goal, decide Cognitive acts -- formulate task goal, decide

among menu choices, etc.among menu choices, etc.

The Human Interface as a The Human Interface as a System ComponentSystem Component

The embedded interfaceThe embedded interface The interface as a major componentThe interface as a major component

Reasons for ImprovingReasons for Improvingthe User Interfacethe User Interface

Reach larger and new markets.Reach larger and new markets. Make human-computer communication Make human-computer communication

more efficientmore efficient Raise productivityRaise productivity

What to Consider WhenWhat to Consider WhenDesigning the User Interface:Designing the User Interface:

Designing for the userDesigning for the user Understanding the tasksUnderstanding the tasks Definition of usability for the current Definition of usability for the current

systemsystem Evaluation methodologyEvaluation methodology

Necessary Knowledge forNecessary Knowledge forDesigning the User Interface:Designing the User Interface:

Graphical user interfacesGraphical user interfaces MenusMenus Styles of InteractionStyles of Interaction MultimediaMultimedia Screen Design IssuesScreen Design Issues

Two Basic Rules for Interface Two Basic Rules for Interface DesignDesign

Provide a positive initial experienceProvide a positive initial experience Be consistentBe consistent

New MediaNew Media

New Media: Post GUI InterfaceNew Media: Post GUI Interface

Beyond 2D WidgetsBeyond 2D Widgets MultimodalMultimodal Aesthetic EnrichmentAesthetic Enrichment Multiparticipants: Cultural SensitivityMultiparticipants: Cultural Sensitivity

New MediaNew Media

TextText PicturePicture AnimationAnimation MusicMusic NarrationNarration VideoVideo SoundSound

VisionVision ImageryImagery HypermediaHypermedia VoiceVoice 3-D Graphics3-D Graphics 3-D Tactile3-D Tactile Virtual worldsVirtual worlds

New Media ApplicationsNew Media Applications

EducationEducation ReferenceReference CommunicationCommunication ServicesServices EntertainmentEntertainment

New Media Interface IssuesNew Media Interface Issues

Enriched AestheticsEnriched Aesthetics Multimodality ConsiderationsMultimodality Considerations Virtual WorldsVirtual Worlds Social InteractionSocial Interaction

Multimedia Concerns Multimedia Concerns in Interface Designin Interface Design

Identify purposes for diverse media Identify purposes for diverse media componentscomponents

Develop, produce, and refine media Develop, produce, and refine media componentscomponents

Integrate multimedia components into a Integrate multimedia components into a cohesive systemcohesive system

For MultiMedia InterfaceFor MultiMedia InterfaceWe Need Multiple ExpertiseWe Need Multiple Expertise

ProgrammersProgrammers User Interface SpecialistUser Interface Specialist Graphic DesignerGraphic Designer Video ProductionVideo Production Sound ProductionSound Production Technical WriterTechnical Writer

ExercisesExercises

ExercisesExercises

ExercisesExercises

Class ExerciseClass Exercise Discuss the effects of the audience characteristics on Discuss the effects of the audience characteristics on

two of the following – focus on the user experience two of the following – focus on the user experience that you would like to design for these users:that you would like to design for these users:– A multimedia information kiosk for the 2000 Olympic A multimedia information kiosk for the 2000 Olympic

gamesgames– A multimedia dietary assessment program for fourth and A multimedia dietary assessment program for fourth and

fifth gradersfifth graders– A genealogy program intended for use by senior citizensA genealogy program intended for use by senior citizens– A hypermedia training program for operators at a A hypermedia training program for operators at a

wastewater treatment plantwastewater treatment plant

Usability MethodsUsability Methods

AnalysisAnalysis– TaskTask– AudienceAudience

DesignDesign– Storyboards and ScenariosStoryboards and Scenarios– PrototypingPrototyping– Metaphors and Conceptual Metaphors and Conceptual

ModelsModels

EvaluationEvaluation– ExperimentsExperiments– Predictive MethodsPredictive Methods– Interpretive MethodsInterpretive Methods

Design Methodology for Specifying Design Methodology for Specifying the User Interface Metaphorthe User Interface Metaphor

UsabilityUsability

RequirementsRequirements

DocumentDocument

System/ System/ definitiondefinition

& Objectives& Objectives

FunctionalFunctionalRequirementsRequirements

Audience DefinitionAudience Definition

Individual DifferencesIndividual Differences

Cognitive LimitCognitive Limit

User LevelsUser Levels

User TypesUser Types

Task Analysis/ workTask Analysis/ work

Environment ProfileEnvironment Profile

InterfaceInterfaceMetaphorMetaphorPlatformPlatform

SpecificationsSpecifications

UsertellUsertellDocumentDocument

Technologies of Interaction LibraryTechnologies of Interaction Library

Usability Testing and Evaluation PlanUsability Testing and Evaluation Plan

User Interface User Interface &&

Human Factors Human Factors GuidelinesGuidelines

User’s Task User’s Task RepresentationRepresentation

The User Role in Interface The User Role in Interface DesignDesign

AttitudeAttitude ExperienceExperience Information SourceInformation Source

Defining the AudienceDefining the Audience

Demographic factorsDemographic factors Job/Role factorsJob/Role factors Task factorsTask factors Personal factorsPersonal factors

Audience CharacteristicsAudience Characteristics

Education levelEducation level Education typeEducation type Readability levelReadability level SkillSkill

Audience CharacteristicsAudience Characteristics

KnowledgeKnowledge Experience (type)Experience (type) Experience level (with above types)Experience level (with above types) Tolerance levelTolerance level

Audience CharacteristicsAudience Characteristics

Cognitive styleCognitive style Learning styleLearning style CulturalCultural Language factorsLanguage factors

Audience CharacteristicsAudience Characteristics

Individual and demographic attributesIndividual and demographic attributes Physical limitations / capabilitiesPhysical limitations / capabilities Task / job related user attributes Task / job related user attributes Affective factorsAffective factors

New Media Usability MethodsNew Media Usability Methods

Participatory MethodsParticipatory Methods GuidelinesGuidelines Metaphors and ScenariosMetaphors and Scenarios

Design Methodology for Specifying Design Methodology for Specifying the User Interface Metaphorthe User Interface Metaphor

UsabilityUsability

RequirementsRequirements

DocumentDocument

System/ System/ definitiondefinition

& Objectives& Objectives

FunctionalFunctionalRequirementsRequirements

Audience DefinitionAudience Definition

Individual DifferencesIndividual Differences

Cognitive LimitCognitive Limit

User LevelsUser Levels

User TypesUser Types

Task Analysis/ workTask Analysis/ work

Environment ProfileEnvironment Profile

InterfaceInterfaceMetaphorMetaphorPlatformPlatform

SpecificationsSpecifications

UsertellUsertellDocumentDocument

Technologies of Interaction LibraryTechnologies of Interaction Library

Usability Testing and Evaluation PlanUsability Testing and Evaluation Plan

User Interface User Interface &&

Human Factors Human Factors GuidelinesGuidelines

User’s Task User’s Task RepresentationRepresentation