Post on 28-May-2020
NoemieGlobus&AmirLevinson
Modelingthecentralengineofrelativisticjets‐applicationtoGRBsoutflows
SchoolofPhysicsandAstronomy
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
A.LevinsonandN.Globus,ApJ770,159(2013)N.GlobusandA.Levinson,Phys.Rev.D,88,084046(2013)
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
RotaGngblackhole
Thedoubleflowstructureofablackholemagnetosphere
GRBs:energydeposiGonbyνν→e‐e+
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
RotaGngblackhole
Thedoubleflowstructureofablackholemagnetosphere
stagnaGonup=0
TheposiGonofthestagnaGonsurfacedependsontheenergyinjecGonrate(Levinson&Globus2013)
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
RotaGngblackhole
Thedoubleflowstructureofablackholemagnetosphere
GRBs:energydeposiGonbyνν→e‐e+
Zalamea&Beloborodov2011
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
Alfvénsurfaceoftheinflowinsidetheergoregion
BlandfordZnajekactivated:energyfluxalongmagneticfieldlines
ωH>ΩF>0
RotaGngblackhole+magneGcfield(B~1015G)
CondiGons1)2)
Thedoubleflowstructureofablackholemagnetosphere
3)Loading?Takahashi+1990
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
LoadedGRMHDflows
• staGonary+axi‐symmetricMHD• massandenergyinjecGonincluded sourceterms:parGcleqn;energy‐momentumqα
• split‐monopolegeometryinvoked
StreamfuncGon(magneGcflux):Ψ(r,θ)(assumed)
ConstantsofmoGonalongagivenstreamline(qn=qα=0)
‐ angularvelocity:Ω(afreeparameter)‐ parGclefluxperunitBflux:η‐specificenergy(perbaryon):ε‐specificangularmomentum:L‐specificentropy:s
Levinson, 2006; Globus & Levinson, 2013
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
rst energyflux
neutrinoheaGng
B! (rst ) ! 0
ergosphere
accre+ondisk
rst oudlow
inflow
blackhole
BZac+vated
energyflux
a>0
energyflux
accre+ondisk
energyflux
hea+ng
rst oudlow
inflow
blackhole
B! (rst ) = 0
0<a<1
oudlow
inflow
rst oudlow
inflow
a>0
0< a<1
rst
TYPEIIpoweredbyexternalsource
TYPEIpoweredbyblackhole
energyfluxonhorizon:εr ηε
εH<0⇒εr>0(extracGon)(inflow:η<0)
!
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
rst energyflux
neutrinoheaGng
B! (rst ) ! 0
ergosphere
accre+ondisk
rst oudlow
inflow
blackhole
BZac+vated
energyflux
a>0
energyflux
accre+ondisk
energyflux
hea+ng
rst oudlow
inflow
blackhole
B! (rst ) = 0
0<a<1
oudlow
inflow
rst oudlow
inflow
a>0
0< a<1
TYPEIIpoweredbyexternalsource
TYPEIpoweredbyblackhole
rst plasmaload
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
LoadedGRMHDflows
• staGonary+axi‐symmetricMHD• massandenergyinjecGonincluded sourceterms:parGcleqn;energy‐momentumqα
• split‐monopolegeometryinvoked
Loading:
1
!g"r
!g! r( ) = !qt
EnergydeposiGon
qn(r) = q
n0!(r ! r
st)
ParGcledeposiGon
qt(r) = q
t0!(r ! r
st)
adiabaGc(εisconserved)
qt (r) = f (r) (εnotcst)
(ηisconservedalongfieldlines)
Levinson, 2006; Globus & Levinson, 2013
εr = ρur ε energyflux
Assump+onssta+onnarityaxisymmetryidealMHD
Splitmonopolegeometry
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
LoadedMHDflowsinKerrgeometryExample:coldadiabaticcase
TYPEI
eachdiamond=aninflowsolutionthatcrossesalltheMHDcriticalpointsandforwhichrotationalenergyisextractedfromtheBH
Globus & Levinson, 2013
BZresult
Assump+onssta+onnarityaxisymmetryidealMHD
Splitmonopolegeometry
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
2
2
11 aa
c−+
∝η
BZresult
LoadedMHDflowsinKerrgeometryExample:coldadiabaticcase
TYPEI
criGcalloading:η > ηc for
BZisshut‐down!
spindependance
Assump+onssta+onnarityaxisymmetryidealMHD
Splitmonopolegeometry
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
LoadedMHDflowsinKerrgeometryExample:coldadiabaticcase
θη 2sin∝c
TYPEI
angulardependance
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
rst energyflux
neutrinoheaGng
B! (rst ) ! 0
ergosphere
accre+ondisk
rst oudlow
inflow
blackhole
BZac+vated
energyflux
a>0
energyflux
accre+ondisk
energyflux
hea+ng
rst oudlow
inflow
blackhole
B! (rst ) = 0
0<a<1
oudlow
inflow
rst oudlow
inflow
a>0
0< a<1
rst
TYPEIIpoweredbyexternalsource
TYPEIpoweredbyblackhole
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
DoubletransonicflowinSchwarzschildgeometryLevinson & Globus, 2013
a=L=0
TYPEII
outersonicline
Innersonicline
• poweredbyneutrinosource
• fracGonofinjectedenergythatemergesatinfinity>0.5
• highspecificentropy
soluGonswitharealisGcenergyinjecGonprofile::neutrinoannihilaGonratesfromZalamea&Beloborodov2011
cHctc2c )p3m4(r)q(r3 −±=−
Sonicpoints
!Q0
!qt (r) =!Q0r!b
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
rst energyflux
neutrinoheaGng
B! (rst ) ! 0
ergosphere
accre+ondisk
rst oudlow
inflow
blackhole
BZac+vated
energyflux
a>0
energyflux
accre+ondisk
energyflux
hea+ng
rst oudlow
inflow
blackhole
B! (rst ) = 0
0<a<1
η < ηc εH < 0
oudlow
inflow
rst oudlow
inflow
a>0
0< a<1
rst
η > ηc εH > 0
TYPEIIpoweredbyexternalsource
TYPEIpoweredbyblackhole
Loading
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
rst energyflux
neutrinoheaGng
B! (rst ) ! 0
ergosphere
accre+ondisk
rst oudlow
inflow
blackhole
BZac+vated
energyflux
a>0
energyflux
accre+ondisk
energyflux
hea+ng
rst oudlow
inflow
blackhole
B! (rst ) = 0
0<a<1
η < ηc εH < 0
oudlow
inflow
rst oudlow
inflow
a>0
0< a<1
rst
η > ηc εH > 0
TYPEIIdrivenbyneutrinoannihilaGon
TYPEIpoweredbyblackhole
!E!! < PBZ
! !macc< 0.1
MH
3M"
#
$%
&
'(
)2/9
*B
1027
G cm2
#
$%
&
'(
8/9
F(a) M".s)1
if
Otherwise:
GRBcase:
νν→e‐e+
Toconclude...
(bothBZandpressuredrivenjetscurrentlyunderinvesGgaGon)
EnergysourceforGRBsrelativisticwinds
...Fromtheaccretiondisk?
•NeutrinodominatedaccreGonflowsarecandidatestobethecentralengineofGRBoudlows.⇒ DerivaGon of disk structure and neutrino annihilaGon rates: Popham et al. 1999, Zalamea &
Beloborodov2011(calculaGonsintheKerrspaceGme)
•Levinson,2006:Loaded(i.e.nonadiabaGc)relaGvisGcMHDwindintheSchwarzschildspaceGme.
ConferenceonGamma‐RayBurstsNov.11‐Nov.15,2013KyotoUniversity
…Fromtheblackholepolarregion?
•PlasmainjecGoninthemagnetosphere:νν→e+e‐inGRBs(thebaryoniccomponentfromthediskcanbeneglected)•TheenergysourceistherotaGonalenergyoftheblackhole⇒ PioneeringworkofBlandford&Znajek1977⇒ Manysemi‐analyGcstudiesandnumericalsimulaGonssupportthisscenario(Takahashietal.1990,
Komissarov2004,Barkov&Komissarov2008..)•TheenergysourceisneutrinoannihilaGon(neutrinosareemimedfromtheaccreGondisk)⇒ SoluGons for the double‐flow structure in the Schwarzschild geometry : pressure‐driven winds
(Jaroszynski,1996;Levinson&Globus2013)
(thistalk)