Post on 13-Dec-2015
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Business & SocietyETLW 302D
Tara Ceranic Salinas, PhD
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Ponder tips
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Striped v solid P
Reading list: Can add sites (within reason)
Browser compatibility
App for iPad and iPhone
DOES NOT WORK WITH SAFARI
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Grading Ponder
Responses (links)
Comments
Articles read
Average is based on each section
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Team Project
5 per team
MUST link to WATER in some way
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First Team Assignment
Interview questions
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Ethical Theory
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Parable of the Sadhu
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Parable of the Sadhu
What would you have done?Are there any good solutions?
• How would we compare solutions?
What is the best way to decide the right course of action?
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Moral Imagination
An ability to imaginatively discern various possibilities for acting in a given situation
and to envision the potential help and harm that are likely to result from a given action.
This is a SKILL!
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Is this an ethical issue?
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Rest: 4 stage model of EDM
Moral awareness
moral judgment
moral intent
moral behavior
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3 C’s
ControlledConsciousCognitive
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A woman was near death from a special kind of cancer. There was one drug that the doctors thought
might save her. It was a form of radium that a druggist in the same town had recently discovered. The drug was expensive to make, but the druggist was charging ten times what the drug cost him to produce. He paid $200 for the radium and charged
$2,000 for a small dose of the drug. The sick woman's husband, Heinz, went to everyone he knew to borrow the money, but he could only get together
about $1,000 which is half of what it cost. He told the druggist that his wife was dying and asked him
to sell it cheaper or let him pay later. But the druggist said: "No, I discovered the drug and I'm
going to make money from it.”
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Heinz Dilemma
So Heinz got desperate and broke into the man's store to steal the drug for
his wife.
Should Heinz have broken into the store to steal the drug for
his wife?
Why or why not?
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Stages 1 & 2Obedience
• Heinz should not steal the medicine because he will consequently be put in prison which will mean he is a bad person.
• Heinz should steal the medicine because it is only worth $200 and not how much the druggist wanted for it; Heinz had even offered to pay for it and was not stealing anything else.
Self-interest• Heinz should steal the medicine because he will be much
happier if he saves his wife, even if he will have to serve a prison sentence.
• Heinz should not steal the medicine because prison is an awful place, and he would probably languish over a jail cell more than his wife's death.
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Stages 3 & 4Conformity
• Heinz should steal the medicine because his wife expects it; he wants to be a good husband.
• Heinz should not steal the drug because stealing is bad and he is not a criminal; he tried to do everything he could without breaking the law, you cannot blame him.
Law-and-order• Heinz should not steal the medicine because the law prohibits
stealing, making it illegal.• Heinz should steal the drug for his wife but also take the prescribed
punishment for the crime as well as paying the druggist what he is owed. Criminals cannot just run around without regard for the law; actions have consequences.
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Stages 5 & 6Human rights
• Heinz should steal the medicine because everyone has a right to choose life, regardless of the law.
• Heinz should not steal the medicine because the scientist has a right to fair compensation. Even if his wife is sick, it does not make his actions right.
Universal human ethics• Heinz should steal the medicine, because saving a human life is a
more fundamental value than the property rights of another person.
• Heinz should not steal the medicine, because others may need the medicine just as badly, and their lives are equally significant.
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Who cares about my stage?!
Your stage matters!
Problem-solving changes in your 20s-30s
Specific educational attempts to influence awareness
Behavior is influenced by moral perception and moral judgments
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3 C’s
ControlledConsciousCognitive
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Can the 3 C’s explain everything?
Julie and Mark are brother and sister. They are traveling together in France on summer
vacation from college. One night they are staying alone in a cabin near the beach. They decided that it would be interesting and fun if
they tried making love. At the very least it would be a new experience for each of them. Julie was
already taking birth control, and Mark used a condom just to be safe. They both enjoy it, but decided not to do it again. They keep that night as a special secret, which makes them feel even
closer.
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Can this explain it?
Moral awareness
moral judgment
moral intent
moral behavior
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Gut reactions!!
Emotion
Cognition
Judgment & Behavior
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Decision-making
Often outside of our awarenessThe effect of “primes” in research
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Moral stages don’t stop dilemmas from occurring…
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Trolley problem
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Ethical Dilemmas = Tension
Rules vs. resultsMeans vs. endsThe good vs. the rightPrinciple vs. practicalityThe needs of many vs. the rights of the few (or the one)
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Ethical Lenses
The battle between rules, rights, relationships and reputation
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T. L. Ceranic Business & Society
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Rights/Responsibilities Lens (duties)
Emphasizes DUTY Consequences play a minor role
• Plato• Immanuel Kant
Focuses on the ideals (whether through Nature or God) that we as people should seek.
Deontology
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Relationship Lens (fair systems)
Seeks justice and to care for those less fortunate• John Rawls
Deontology
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Results Lens (goals)
Focuses on individual results, goals and what makes individuals happy.
• Adam Smith• Jeremy Bentham• John Stuart Mill
Utilitarianism/Teleological
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Reputation Lens (virtues)
Focuses on what virtues are valued by the community and that those in positions of responsibility should cultivate.
What makes us responsible and virtuous citizens within our workplace/community?
• Aristotle• Alisdair MacIntyre.
Utilitarian/TeleologicalVirtue ethics
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Utilitarianism (GREY)
Advantages• Maximization of the good• “Easy” decision process• Popular
Disadvantages• Measurement• The means• Individual rights
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The Little Carefree Car!
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Formalism (BLACK/WHITE)
Advantages• Protects the means• Protects individual rights• Morally more appealing
Disadvantages• Inflexible• Impractical
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T. L. Ceranic Business & Society (ETLW 302)
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So what Lens are you?
Did it reflect your decision making?
Strengths & gifts?
Blind spots & temptations?
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Why is this important?
To understand how we make decisionsTo understand multiple positionsTo uncover biasesTo create powerful and effective responses To generate options To make ethical decisions
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Student Privileges with Strings Attached
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All individuals are morally autonomous beings with the
power and right to choose their values, but it DOES NOT follow that all choices and all value
systems have an equal claim to be called ethical.
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Ethical Relativism
When in Rome…
This makes ethics only a matter of opinion
Denies that we can make rational or objective ethical judgments
No right or wrong
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“Relative” harassment?
A male manager tells a female job applicant she will only be hired if she submits to his sexual advances.
The manager feels the behavior is fine and the woman feels it’s wrong.
According to the relativist:• Each opinion is equally valid.• Everyone is entitled to their own opinion.
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Every one is NOT entitled to their own opinion!
Especially @ work
Ethics v. morals…
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Next class
Organizational culture