Post on 25-Dec-2015
School and Classroom Lab Safety & School and Classroom Lab Safety & Health: Student and Young Worker Health: Student and Young Worker
NIOSH Safety UpdateNIOSH Safety Update Presented atPresented at
ACTE Annual Conference December December 5, 2008
Charlotte, NC
John Palassis, CIH, CSP, CHMMEducation and Information Division
National Institute for Occupational Safety and HealthCenters for Disease Control & Prevention
Cincinnati, Ohio USA
Discussion TopicsDiscussion Topics
Background information on NIOSH
Demand for young workers
Young worker developmental characteristics
Overview of the student/young worker injury problem
Addressing the problem with various interventions by NIOSH and different U.S. organizations and government agencies
Information About NIOSHInformation About NIOSH
NIOSH is the leading research institution in the U.S. for occupational safety and health
NIOSH is a professionally diverse organization with a staff of nearly 1,500 people representing a wide range of disciplines:
Epidemiology,
Occup’l medicine,
Industrial hygiene, Safety,
Ergonomics,
Occup’l nursing,
Occup’l psychology,
Engineering,
Chemistry, Biochemistry,
Physics,
Health-physics,
Biology,
Statistics,
Health communication,
and Training.
NIOSH vs. OSHANIOSH vs. OSHAThe Occup’l Safety and Health Act of 1970 created both NIOSH and OSHA
NIOSHNIOSHIs under the U.S. DHHS/CDC,
provides national and world leadership to prevent work-related illness, injury, disability, and death by gathering information, conducting scientific research, and translating the knowledge gained into products and services.
NIOSH is a non-Regulatory Agency
OSHAOSHAIs in the U.S. Dept. of Labor, responsible for developing and
enforcing workplace safety and health regulations and standards; providing OS&H information and training, and funding consultation to the States.
OSHA is a REGULATORY Agency
NIOSH Provides NIOSH Provides Cost-Free AssistanceCost-Free Assistance
Health Hazard Evaluations Health Hazard Evaluations
Educational Training Grants to Educational Training Grants to Students in OS&H. Over 100 programs Students in OS&H. Over 100 programs in 50 Univ. & Colleges are funded ($21 in 50 Univ. & Colleges are funded ($21 million)million)
OS&H Information Telephone OS&H Information Telephone Assistance Assistance 1(800) CDC-INFO1(800) CDC-INFO
More Young Workers on the JobMore Young Workers on the Job
The increased deficit of workers in the U.S. resulted in employers hiring more and more young workers
Most of the young workers are unskilled and work after school hours, weekends, holidays and during Summer
Many career high school students work during school hours in co-op and other programs facing work hazards
More Young Workers on the JobMore Young Workers on the Job
70-80% of teens have worked for pay during their high school years, outside of home, faced workplace hazards 11
2.9 2.9 million students (age 15-17) worked students (age 15-17) worked during the school yearduring the school year22
4.0 million students (age 15-17) worked during Summer2
1NIOSH Alert 2003-128; Light 1995, Steinberg and Cauffman 1995 2Bureau of Labor Statistics 2000
Employment Distribution by Age Distribution by Age11
1NIOSH Worker Health Chartbook, 2004
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
Workers16-19
Workers20-24
Workers25-54
Workers>55
Agriculture
Mining
Construction
Manufacturing
Transportation
Wholesale, Retail
Finance, Insurance,Real EstateServices
Public Admin.
Wholesale, Retail
Services
Construction
Manufacturing
Why Teens Work??
Sense of responsibility
Source of income
Training for career
Show independence and maturity
Desire for increased challenge
Young Workers’ Young Workers’ Developmental CharacteristicsDevelopmental Characteristics
More vulnerable to injury than adults
Eager to try new things and tasks outside their usual work assignments without training
Illusion of invulnerability, take risks
(new research -- the frontal lobes of the brain (executive functions) not fully matured until age 25)
Try to please supervisors (even if the job is hazardous or may be illegal)
Want to do a good job to be seen as competent and responsible, -- reluctant to ask for help or seek clarification – inability to voice concerns about safety (afraid of losing job)
Developmental Factors in Young Developmental Factors in Young Workers’ Increased Risk of Injury or Workers’ Increased Risk of Injury or
Illness on the JobIllness on the JobLack experience and physical, emotional, and cognitive maturity needed for certain tasks
Experience rapid growth of organ system that can be harmed by exposure to hazardous substances
Experience rapid growth of musculoskeletal system that can develop cumulative trauma disorders
May be exposed to asthma-causing agents and substances that can disrupt the function or maturation of the endocrine and central nervous system
Developmental Factors in Young Developmental Factors in Young Workers’ Increased Risk of Injury or Workers’ Increased Risk of Injury or
Illness on the JobIllness on the Job
Unfamiliar with work requirements and safe operating procedures
Boys grow at diff. rates, large boys given adult tasks without regard for their lack of experience and maturity
May not know their legal rights
May not know which work tasks are prohibited by child labor laws
Young workers who work more that 20 hours per week are at risk for increased drug and alcohol use and decreased academic performance1
1Bachman and Schulenberg, 1993
Forbidden Jobs for Young WorkersForbidden Jobs for Young Workers
The U.S. Federal Department of Labor makes it illegal for workers under 18 years to work in the following industries/ jobs:
Coal mining; Logging and saw milling; Metal mines; Quarries
Manufacturing of brick, tile, and clay construction products
Manufacturing and transport of explosives
Wrecking and demolition; Slaughter house, meat rendering, packing, or processing; Driving a motor vehicle (as part of a job))
Forbidden Jobs for Young WorkersForbidden Jobs for Young Workers
Operating power-driven hoisting or lifting (e.g., forklifts, cranes); Power-driven bakery machines
Operating calenders and mixing rolls in rubber, plastic, or paper manufacturing; Operating guillotine shears
Power-driven metal forming, punching, shearing machines; Woodworking machines
Work in trenches and excavation (>4 feet deep); Walking/ working surfaces with open unprotected edges (>4 feet deep); Radioactive substances
Problem: Young Worker Injuries*Problem: Young Worker Injuries*
NIOSH estimates that each year in the U.S.:
230,000 young workers suffer work-related injuries (one injury every 30 seconds)
77,000 require treatment in hospital emergency rooms*
67 young workers (under age 18) die each year (1992-2000) of work-related injuries* (1 every 5 days) and about 100 at the farm
(cause of death: motor vehicles, machines, electrocution, homicide)
* NIOSH Alert Publ. #2003-128
Numbers and Rates of Numbers and Rates of FatalFatal Occupational Occupational Injuries Among Workers Aged 16–17 and 18–19 Injuries Among Workers Aged 16–17 and 18–19 (1993–2002)(1993–2002) (NIOSH Chartbook 2004)(NIOSH Chartbook 2004)
(%)
FatalitiesFatalities by Occupation Among Workers by Occupation Among Workers Aged 17 and Younger Aged 17 and Younger (1992–2002)(1992–2002) (NIOSH Chartbook 2004)(NIOSH Chartbook 2004)
FatalitiesFatalities Among Workers Aged 17 and Younger Among Workers Aged 17 and Younger by Event or Exposure (1992–2002) by Event or Exposure (1992–2002) (NIOSH Chartbook 2004) (NIOSH Chartbook 2004)
National Consumers League National Consumers League Child Labor CoalitionChild Labor Coalition
2008 Five Worst Teen Jobs2008 Five Worst Teen Jobs
1.1. Agriculture: Fieldwork and ProcessingAgriculture: Fieldwork and Processing
2.2. Traveling Youth CrewsTraveling Youth Crews
3.3. Construction and Work at HeightsConstruction and Work at Heights
4.4. Driver/Operator: Forklifts, Tractors, and ATVsDriver/Operator: Forklifts, Tractors, and ATVs
5.5. Outside Helper: Landscaping, Groundskeeping, Outside Helper: Landscaping, Groundskeeping, and Lawn Serviceand Lawn Service
http://www.nclnet.org/labor/childlabor/jobreport2008.htm#aghttp://www.nclnet.org/labor/childlabor/jobreport2008.htm#ag
Contributing Factors to Contributing Factors to Young Worker Young Worker DeathsDeaths
(From NIOSH Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation)(From NIOSH Fatality Assessment and Control Evaluation)
Failure to recognize hazardous work situations
Absence of comprehensive safety programs
Absence of training programs
Failure to comply with Federal and State laws
Failure to provide equipment with safety features
Lack of personal protective equipment
Lack of supervision
Employer failure to comply with child labor laws
Inexperience of young workers, and learning unsafe behaviors from co-workers
NonfatalNonfatal Injuries in Young Workers Injuries in Young Workers
Approximately 40% of all occupational injuries are sustained by workers with less than one year of job experience
More than half of the injured young workers reported that they had not received any training in how to prevent the injury they sustained
Young workers have a higher risk for work-related (non-fatal) injury compared to adults
20% of injured did tasks prohibited by Child Labor Laws
$5 billion direct and indirect of work-related injury costs 1
1 Miller and Waehrer, 1998
Non-FatalNon-Fatal Occup. Injury Rates (1998) Occup. Injury Rates (1998) (NIOSH Chartbook (NIOSH Chartbook
2000)2000)
NonfatalNonfatal Injuries and Illnesses Among Workers Injuries and Illnesses Among Workers
Aged 16-19Aged 16-19 by Industryby Industry (days away from work) (days away from work) (NIOSH Chartbook 2004)(NIOSH Chartbook 2004)
NonfatalNonfatal Injuries and Illnesses Among Workers Injuries and Illnesses Among Workers Aged 16-19Aged 16-19 by Occupationby Occupation
(days away from work)(days away from work) (NIOSH Chartbook 2004)(NIOSH Chartbook 2004)
Addressing the ProblemAddressing the Problem
Multi-faceted efforts by:
NIOSH
Other Federal government agencies
Various organizations (incl. OS&H organizations)
States and Local School Districts
Textbook Publishers
Goal: Transfer/Communicate Goal: Transfer/Communicate OS&H Information OS&H Information
OS&H Info. & Requirements
High Schools
Career Schools
Teachers
Students/Young Workers
Parents
Employers
OSH Educators
Who is Responsible for Promoting Who is Responsible for Promoting OS&H in OS&H in High SchoolsHigh Schools??
There is no concerted effort by high schools in training students in OS&H for after school hour jobs
Many employers will provide some basic OS&H training to the working students
Some employers are not aware of that certain jobs are prohibited to young workers (as specified by Dept of Labor as Hazardous Orders, and State requirements)
Who is Responsible for Promoting Who is Responsible for Promoting OS&H in OS&H in Career-TechCareer-Tech Schools? Schools?
Each State Dept. of Education has OS&H requirements/competencies that teachers must meet
The school’s Principal/Administrator has the ultimate responsibility for OS&H
The teachers must teach OS&H and test the students’ knowledge in OS&H before allowing students to touch tools and equipment
Many career-tech school districts have their own full-time OS&H Coordinator
NIOSH Alerts, Updates (publications)Development of OS&H training curricula
Safety Checklist Program for Schools CD-ROM
Young worker community-based health education
outreach projects in OS&H
Collaboration of NIOSH with the National
Skill Standards Board, and other organizations
OS&H Teacher and Student Awards
Summary of Efforts by NIOSH in Reducing Summary of Efforts by NIOSH in Reducing Student & Young Worker InjuriesStudent & Young Worker Injuries
NIOSH Alert for Preventing Injuries NIOSH Alert for Preventing Injuries and Illnesses of Young Workersand Illnesses of Young Workers
RecommendationsRecommendations
NIOSH Publ. #2003-128NIOSH Publ. #2003-128
What What StudentsStudents Should Know Should Knowto Prevent Workplace Injuriesto Prevent Workplace Injuries
1. Know about and follow safe work practices
(www.youthrules.dol.gov)
2. Ask about training
3. Ask about job hazards
4. Know their rights (
www.osha.gov/SLTC/teenworkers/index.html)
5. Know the laws ((www.youthrules.dol.govwww.youthrules.dol.gov))
What What ParentsParents Should Know Should Knowto Prevent Workplace Injuriesto Prevent Workplace Injuries
1. Take an active role in your child’s employment
2. Know the laws (www.youthrules.dol.gov)
(www.osha.gov/SLTC/teenworkers/index.html)
3. Be aware of young workers’ rights
4. Share information with other parents
What What EducatorsEducators Should Know Should Knowto Prevent Workplace Injuriesto Prevent Workplace Injuries
1. Talk to students about work
2. Ensure the safety of school-based work experience programs
3. Include worker safety and health in the school curriculum (www.cdc.gov/niosh/pdfs/99-141.pdf)
4. Know workplace laws ((www.youthrules.dol.govwww.youthrules.dol.gov))
What What EmployersEmployers Should Know Should Knowto Prevent Workplace Injuriesto Prevent Workplace Injuries
1. Recognize the hazards (
www.dol.gov/dol/topic/youthlabor/hazardousjobs.htm)
2. Supervise young workers
3. Provide safety training
4. Know and comply with the laws* (
www.youthrules.dol.gov)
5. Develop an injury and illness prevention
program * For State laws visit (www.ilsa.net)
NIOSH Safety Checklists Program NIOSH Safety Checklists Program for Schools*for Schools*
A CD-ROM designed for use by people with or without OS&H experience or background
Can be used by:• Supervisors/Administrators• Educators• Workers/ Students• Teams• Safety Professionals
* NIOSH Public. # 2004-101 (rev. Nov. 2006)
Benefits of the NIOSH Safety Benefits of the NIOSH Safety Checklist Program for SchoolsChecklist Program for Schools
Help students/workers learn about regulations pertinent to particular trades, shops, labs, processes, and activities, and the benefits of using checklists for their own safety
Determine compliance
Detect areas that need improvement in the small business’ total environmental, safety and health program
Find sources for more information about regulations, technical assistance, and educational materials
NIOSH Young Worker Publications NIOSH Young Worker Publications and Web Site OSH Informationand Web Site OSH Information
All NIOSH publications are available on the NIOSH Web site at:
www.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/youthwww.cdc.gov/niosh/topics/youth
NIOSH Publ. # 2007-107
PRINTED COPY
NIOSH Publ. # 2007-107C
CD-ROM
Teaching Young Workers About Job Safety and Health
Youth @Work: Talking Safety (NIOSH Publication No.2007-136)
http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/talkingsafety/default.html
Video: Youth @ Work: Talking Safe (#2007-136v)http://www.cdc.gov/niosh/docs/video/2007-136/default.html
CDCCDC ((www.cdc.govwww.cdc.gov))
CDC/ATSDRCDC/ATSDR ((www.atsdr.cdc.gov/child/ochwebpgforstudents.htmlwww.atsdr.cdc.gov/child/ochwebpgforstudents.html))
Dept. of AgricultureDept. of Agriculture ((http://cyfernet.ces.ncsu.edu/cyfres/browse_2.php?search=Teenshttp://cyfernet.ces.ncsu.edu/cyfres/browse_2.php?search=Teens) )
EPAEPA ((www.epa.gov/greenkit/student.htmwww.epa.gov/greenkit/student.htm))
FEMAFEMA ((www.fema.gov/kids/teacher.htmwww.fema.gov/kids/teacher.htm))
OSHAOSHA ((www.osha.gov/SLTC/teenworkers/index.htmlwww.osha.gov/SLTC/teenworkers/index.html))
NIEHSNIEHS ((www.niehs.nih.gov/science-educationwww.niehs.nih.gov/science-education))
U.S. Dept. of Labor/Wage and Hour DivisionU.S. Dept. of Labor/Wage and Hour Division((www.youthrules.dol.govwww.youthrules.dol.gov))
Efforts by Other Federal Efforts by Other Federal Agencies for Young WorkersAgencies for Young Workers
Possible Possible New RequirementNew Requirement from your from your State OSHA in addition to the State OSHA in addition to the OSHA OSHA Hazard Communication StandardHazard Communication Standard
((29 CFR 1910.1200)29 CFR 1910.1200)
OSHA Lab StandardOSHA Lab StandardOccupational Exposure to Hazardous Occupational Exposure to Hazardous
Chemicals in Laboratories Chemicals in Laboratories
(29 CFR 1910.1450)(29 CFR 1910.1450)
Elements of the OSHA Lab StandardElements of the OSHA Lab Standard (29 CFR 1910.1450)(29 CFR 1910.1450)
MandatoryMandatory(a) Scope and application(a) Scope and application(b) Definitions (b) Definitions (c) Permissible exposure limits(c) Permissible exposure limits(d) Employee exposure determination (d) Employee exposure determination (e) (e) Chemical hygiene planChemical hygiene plan (f) Employee information and training (f) Employee information and training (g) Medical consultation and medical examinations (g) Medical consultation and medical examinations (h) Hazard identification (h) Hazard identification (i) Use of respirators (i) Use of respirators (j) Recordkeeping (j) Recordkeeping (k) Effective date (k) Effective date (May 1, 1990)(May 1, 1990)
Non-mandatoryNon-mandatory -- Appendix A and Appendix B -- Appendix A and Appendix B
EPA’s Newest ToolsEPA’s Newest Tools EPA Schools Chemical Cleanout CampaignEPA Schools Chemical Cleanout Campaign (SC3) (SC3)
School incidents involving dangerous chemicals such as spills and School incidents involving dangerous chemicals such as spills and fires. Financial costs, these spills may also cause school closures fires. Financial costs, these spills may also cause school closures that result in a loss of valuable education time. The SC3 campaign that result in a loss of valuable education time. The SC3 campaign seeks to address this issue by not only cleaning out excess, unused, seeks to address this issue by not only cleaning out excess, unused, and improperly stored chemicals but also by going a step further and and improperly stored chemicals but also by going a step further and implementing preventive mechanisms in schools. implementing preventive mechanisms in schools. http://www.epa.gov/sc3 http://www.epa.gov/sc3
EPA Website for Schools / HealthySEAT Program EPA Website for Schools / HealthySEAT Program
EPA's new software tool can help school districts establish and EPA's new software tool can help school districts establish and manage comprehensive school facility environmental conditions self-manage comprehensive school facility environmental conditions self-assessment programs by school The Healthy School Environments assessment programs by school The Healthy School Environments Assessment Tool (HealthySEAT) contains a fully integrated Assessment Tool (HealthySEAT) contains a fully integrated environmental health and safety checklist and is designed to be easily environmental health and safety checklist and is designed to be easily customized to reflect state and local requirements and policies. customized to reflect state and local requirements and policies. http://www.epa.gov/schools/healthyseat/index.html http://www.epa.gov/schools/healthyseat/index.html
EPA’s School Indoor Air Quality EPA’s School Indoor Air Quality ChecklistsChecklists
Provides a link to the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) IAQ for Provides a link to the Environmental Protection Agency's (EPA) IAQ for Schools Web site http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/tools4s2.html that Schools Web site http://www.epa.gov/iaq/schools/tools4s2.html that contains information about the following: contains information about the following: IAQ Coordinator's Guide IAQ Coordinator's Guide IAQ Tools for SchoolsIAQ Tools for Schools IAQ BackgrounderIAQ Backgrounder IAQ Checklists IAQ Checklists Provides links to the following checklists: Provides links to the following checklists: Administrative Staff ChecklistAdministrative Staff Checklist Building Maintenance ChecklistBuilding Maintenance ChecklistFood Service ChecklistFood Service Checklist Health Officer/School Nurse ChecklistHealth Officer/School Nurse Checklist Renovation and Repairs ChecklistRenovation and Repairs Checklist Teacher's Classroom ChecklistTeacher's Classroom Checklist Ventilation Checklist and LogVentilation Checklist and Log Walkthrough Inspection ChecklistWalkthrough Inspection Checklist Waste Management ChecklistWaste Management ChecklistIntegrated Pest Management and School OfficialsIntegrated Pest Management and School Officials
http://www.nclabor.com/osha/etta/indguide/ig21.pdf
UCONN Tools for TechsUCONN Tools for TechsChecklists for Technical High SchoolsChecklists for Technical High Schools
Tools for TechsChecklists for Technical High Schools
The following checklists are included in the Tools for The following checklists are included in the Tools for Techs checklist packet:Techs checklist packet:
Automotive Collision Repair and Refurbishing
ElectronicsManufacturing Technology
Automotive TechnologyGraphic Arts, Printing and Photography
Masonry
CarpentryHairdressing Cosmetology and Barbering
Plumbing
Culinary Arts Heating, Ventilating and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
Welding
Various Organizations for Young Various Organizations for Young WorkersWorkers
U. California-Berkeley/LOHP (http://socrates.berkeley.edu/~lohp)
U. California-LA/LOSH (www.losh.ucla.edu)
Washington State/Dept. of Labor and Industries (www.lni.wa.gov/scs/workstandars/teenworker.htm)
Wisconsin COSH (
http://my.execpc.com/~wiscoshm/teenworker.html)
Wichita-Hutchinson Labor Federation of Central Kansas, AFL-CIO (www.ksworkbeat.org/TeensatWork_/teensatwork_.html)
Various Organizations for Young Various Organizations for Young WorkersWorkers
State of Indiana (www.state.in.us./labor/childlabor/childlabor.html)
State of Maine/Dept. of Labor (www.safeteen.org)
New York Committee for Occupational Safety and Health (www.nycosh.org/index_young_workers.html)
Interstate Labor Standards Association (www.ilsa.net)
Various Organizations for Young Various Organizations for Young WorkersWorkers
California Task Force on Young Worker Health
and Safety (www.dir.ca.gov/CHSWC/Youngworkerdesc.html)
Child Labor Coalition (www.stopchildlabor.org)
Farm Safety 4 Just Kids (www.fs4jk.org)
Massachusetts Dept of Public Health(www.mass.gov/dph/bhsre/ohsp/teens/page1.htm)
CareerSafe Texas Engineering Extension Service (TEEX-OSHA) Texas A&M Univ. (http://www.CareerSafeOnline.com)
Curricula Developers in OS&HCurricula Developers in OS&H
Specific instructions and curricula in OS&H for teachers/students are also developed by:
Textbook publishers in voc-tech education incorporate OSH in the curricula
National Safety Council & other safety organizations
Several Universities--Ohio, Nebraska, Missouri, Oklahoma
Different occup. organizations e.g., EOHSIEOHSI ((www.eohsi.rutgers.eduwww.eohsi.rutgers.edu))
IN CONCLUSIONIN CONCLUSION
Much effort is given by States and local governments, NIOSH, and other organizations in promoting safe workplace and reducing injuries of students and young workers.
In time, the effectiveness of these efforts will be indicated by the reduction of injuries in schools and in the workplaces
For More OS&H InformationFor More OS&H Information
NIOSH Web site for Free Publications
www.cdc.gov/nioshthen click “Publications”
To Order Free Publications: 1(800) CDC-INFO
E-mail: cdcinfo@cdc.gov
John’s Telephone: (513) 533-8136John’s E-mail: jpalassis@cdc.gov
Don’t Forget the Don’t Forget the Safety Paper CompetitionSafety Paper Competition
Submit your safety paper by January 31, 2009Submit your safety paper by January 31, 2009
Winner receives $1,000Winner receives $1,000
Award presentation at National Policy Seminar in Award presentation at National Policy Seminar in March March
More details at ACTE’s Web site More details at ACTE’s Web site http://www.acteonline.org/content.aspx?http://www.acteonline.org/content.aspx?id=2538&terms=niosh+awardid=2538&terms=niosh+award