Post on 05-Dec-2014
description
Scald Injury Prevention Scald Injury Prevention
Scald Safety
Scald PreventionScald Prevention
Developed by:American Burn AssociationBurn Prevention Committee
Developed by:American Burn AssociationBurn Prevention Committee
Funded by:United States Fire Administration/Federal Emergency Management Agency
Funded by:United States Fire Administration/Federal Emergency Management Agency
Scald Safety
Fire and Burn Death and InjuryFire and Burn Death and Injury
Deaths4,000 deaths a yearfrom fire and burns
Injuries 25,000 hospitalized in burn centers
600,000 burn injuries treated in hospital EDs
(Close to half of all burn injuries treated in hospital emergency departments and one-third of admissions to burn centers are scald injuries)
Deaths4,000 deaths a yearfrom fire and burns
Injuries 25,000 hospitalized in burn centers
600,000 burn injuries treated in hospital EDs
(Close to half of all burn injuries treated in hospital emergency departments and one-third of admissions to burn centers are scald injuries)(Sources: National Fire Protection Association,
National Center for Health Statistics; American Burn Association, National Burn Repository, 2005)
(Sources: National Fire Protection Association,National Center for Health Statistics;
American Burn Association, National Burn Repository, 2005)
Scald Safety
What is a Scald Injury?What is a Scald Injury?
A scald injury occurs…–When contact with hot
liquid or steam damages one or more layers of skin
A scald injury occurs…–When contact with hot
liquid or steam damages one or more layers of skin
Scald Safety
Scald Prevention TopicsScald Prevention Topics
What are the main sourcesof scald injury?
Who are the most frequent victims?
How can scald injury be prevented?
What are the appropriatefirst-aid responses?
What are the main sourcesof scald injury?
Who are the most frequent victims?
How can scald injury be prevented?
What are the appropriatefirst-aid responses?
Scald Safety
Frequent Scald Burn SourcesFrequent Scald Burn Sources
Hot tap water
Hot beverages
Hot food
Steam
Hot tap water
Hot beverages
Hot food
Steam
Scald Safety
Most Frequent Scald Injury Victims Most Frequent Scald Injury Victims
Young children Older adults People with disabilities
Young children Older adults People with disabilities
Scald Safety
Young Children and Scald InjuryYoung Children and Scald Injury
60% of all scald injuriesare to young children
60% of all scald injuriesare to young children
Young Children
(Ages 0-4)60%
All Other Ages40%
Young Children
(Ages 0-4)60%
All Other Ages40%
All Other Burns25%
Scalds75%
All Other Burns25%
Scalds75%
(Source: National Center for Health Statistics) (Source: National Center for Health Statistics)
75% of all burns 75% of all burns to young childrento young children
are scaldsare scalds
75% of all burns 75% of all burns to young childrento young children
are scaldsare scalds
Scald Safety
Young Children and Scald InjuryYoung Children and Scald Injury
Curiosity, imitation
Limited understanding of danger
Limited ability to react quickly to hot contact
Thin skin = deeper burn
Curiosity, imitation
Limited understanding of danger
Limited ability to react quickly to hot contact
Thin skin = deeper burn
Scald Safety
Older Adults and Scald InjuryOlder Adults and Scald Injury
Thin skin
Reduced mobility, agility
Reduced ability to feel heat, due to health conditions or medication
Thin skin
Reduced mobility, agility
Reduced ability to feel heat, due to health conditions or medication
Scald Safety
People with Special Needs and Scald InjuryPeople with Special Needs and Scald Injury
Sensory impairment
Mobility or other physical impairment
Diminishedmental capacity
Sensory impairment
Mobility or other physical impairment
Diminishedmental capacity
Scald Safety
Common Sites of Scald Injury Common Sites of Scald Injury
Kitchen or dining area -Spills while handling or moving
hot foods and liquids,
often involving children
Bathing area
-Inability to remove self from hot water
Kitchen or dining area -Spills while handling or moving
hot foods and liquids,
often involving children
Bathing area
-Inability to remove self from hot water
Scald Safety
Scald Injury Severity Factors Scald Injury Severity Factors
Length of contact with hot substance Temperature of substance Nature of substance– Is it thick or sticky? – Does it retain heat?
Extent of body area scalded Location of scald
Length of contact with hot substance Temperature of substance Nature of substance– Is it thick or sticky? – Does it retain heat?
Extent of body area scalded Location of scald
Scald Safety
Protecting Children From ScaldsProtecting Children From Scalds
Household changes
Everyday precautions
Child supervision
Household changes
Everyday precautions
Child supervision
Scald Safety
Protecting Children from Scalds:Kitchen and Dining Areas
Protecting Children from Scalds:Kitchen and Dining Areas
Household modifications
Mark and explaina “kid-free zone”
Put away tablecloths
Use spill-resistant“travel mugs”
Household modifications
Mark and explaina “kid-free zone”
Put away tablecloths
Use spill-resistant“travel mugs”
Scald Safety
Protecting Children from Scalds:Kitchen and Dining Areas
Protecting Children from Scalds:Kitchen and Dining Areas
Everyday preparations
Keep friends, relatives, and sitters informed Turn pan handles away from stove front Observe safe microwave oven practices Protect electric cooking appliances and cords
Everyday preparations
Keep friends, relatives, and sitters informed Turn pan handles away from stove front Observe safe microwave oven practices Protect electric cooking appliances and cords
Scald Safety
Protecting Children from Scalds:Kitchen and Dining Areas
Protecting Children from Scalds:Kitchen and Dining Areas
Scald-safe child supervision
Supervise young children at all times Encourage use of “kid-safe” zone Never hold a child in your arm:–While preparing or serving hot food –While drinking a hot beverage
Keep hot food and liquids high and out of the reach of young children
Scald-safe child supervision
Supervise young children at all times Encourage use of “kid-safe” zone Never hold a child in your arm:–While preparing or serving hot food –While drinking a hot beverage
Keep hot food and liquids high and out of the reach of young children
Scald Safety
Protecting Children and Adults from Scalds:Bathing Areas
Protecting Children and Adults from Scalds:Bathing Areas
Household Modifications
Establish safe hot water temperature
If this is not possible, install tempering valve or safe faucet and shower heads
Install non-slip bath, shower mats
Install grab bar in shower stall
Household Modifications
Establish safe hot water temperature
If this is not possible, install tempering valve or safe faucet and shower heads
Install non-slip bath, shower mats
Install grab bar in shower stall
Scald Safety
Setting a Safe Hot Water Temperature Setting a Safe Hot Water Temperature
Time and temperature relationship required to scald a healthy adult
Time and temperature relationship required to scald a healthy adult
155° F155° F 68° C68° C 1 Second1 Second
140° F140° F 60° C60° C 5 Seconds5 Seconds
127° F127° F 52° C52° C 1 Minute1 Minute
120° F120° F 48° C48° C 5 Minutes5 Minutes
100° F 38° C Safe Bathing Temperature
Scald Safety
Tap Water ScaldTap Water Scald
Scald Safety
Maximum Water Temperature StandardsMaximum Water Temperature Standards
Recommended maximum residential standard
120°F (48°C) (U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission)
Nursing homes and child care facilities 110°F (43°C) (Recommended and by some state or local
regulations)
Recommended maximum residential standard
120°F (48°C) (U.S. Consumer Product Safety Commission)
Nursing homes and child care facilities 110°F (43°C) (Recommended and by some state or local
regulations)
Scald Safety
Measuring Hot Water Temperature Measuring Hot Water Temperature
Run hot waterup to two minutes at tap
Test temperature withcooking thermometer
Run hot waterup to two minutes at tap
Test temperature withcooking thermometer
Scald Safety
Establishing a Safe Hot Water Temperature Establishing a Safe Hot Water Temperature
If initial test temperature is above 120° F (48° C), lower heater thermostat setting
Initial test temperature below 120°F/48°C may not prove safety is constant
Retest several times until safe temperature settingis assured
If initial test temperature is above 120° F (48° C), lower heater thermostat setting
Initial test temperature below 120°F/48°C may not prove safety is constant
Retest several times until safe temperature settingis assured
Scald Safety
Bathroom Scald Prevention - EquipmentBathroom Scald Prevention - Equipment
Direct (scald prevention)
Tempering valve – on water line
Anti-scald valves – on shower heads
and faucets
Direct (scald prevention)
Tempering valve – on water line
Anti-scald valves – on shower heads
and faucets
Scald Safety
Bathroom Scald Prevention - EquipmentBathroom Scald Prevention - Equipment
Indirect (fall prevention) Grab bars Non-slip mats
in tub/shower, on floor Shower/bath seat
Indirect (fall prevention) Grab bars Non-slip mats
in tub/shower, on floor Shower/bath seat
Scald Safety
Bathroom Scald Prevention - PrecautionsBathroom Scald Prevention - Precautions
For single control faucet,always turn on and offin the “cold” position
For dual control faucet,always turn “cold” fauceton first, and off last
Make sure all household members and caregivers understand these controls
For single control faucet,always turn on and offin the “cold” position
For dual control faucet,always turn “cold” fauceton first, and off last
Make sure all household members and caregivers understand these controls
Scald Safety
Bathroom Scald Prevention - BehaviorsBathroom Scald Prevention - Behaviors
Check water temperature before placing child in tub or shower
Instruct carefully any older siblings who help bathe young children
Young children should never be left alone in the tub
Check water temperature before placing child in tub or shower
Instruct carefully any older siblings who help bathe young children
Young children should never be left alone in the tub
Scald Safety
Emergency Care of Scald InjuryEmergency Care of Scald Injury
Remove scald victim from source
Remove all affected clothing,diapers, shoes, etc.
Cool scalded area briefly with cool water
Cover with clean, dry covering
Do not apply creams, salves or ointments
Call 9-1-1
Remove scald victim from source
Remove all affected clothing,diapers, shoes, etc.
Cool scalded area briefly with cool water
Cover with clean, dry covering
Do not apply creams, salves or ointments
Call 9-1-1
Scald Safety
Scald Prevention – Some Important PointsScald Prevention – Some Important Points
Limited mobility and thin skin increase risk and severity for the young and old
Keep young children away when cooking, or when drinking hot beverages
Test hot water temperature and establish thermostat setting at or below 120°F/48°C
Limited mobility and thin skin increase risk and severity for the young and old
Keep young children away when cooking, or when drinking hot beverages
Test hot water temperature and establish thermostat setting at or below 120°F/48°C