Post on 05-Feb-2022
sarkhej roza
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
sites at sarkhej roja, ahmedabad
Low-budget, need-based interventions based on collaboration with the Friends of sarkhej roza and sarkhej roza communities.
site a: Chikkoo Wadi, a religious ceremonial & soci-al space for sarkhej roa communityInterventions serving weekly Mannat and Quresh jamaat Langar, samuh Lagan activities
site B: Courtyard, intended for income generation for the surrounding communityInterventions serving weekly market and regular training activities
INTroDUCTIoNIn
trod
uctio
n
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
CoNTeNTs
1. INTroDUCTIoN
2. IDeNTIFYING The NeeD
3. a BrIeF hIsTorY
4. MaP
5. hIsTorY oF sarkhej roza
6. arChITeCTUre
7. eNVIroNMeNT
8. LUNar CaLeNDer
9. eVeNTs aND aCTIVITIes
10. oPPorTUNITIes
11. PeoPLe aND IssUes
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
a BrIeF hIsTorY
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
a B
rief histo
ry
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
a B
rief histo
ry
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
MaPM
ap - G
eog
raph
y
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
MaP oF sITeM
ap o
f site
eNTraNCe
MasjID
ToMB oF MehMUD BeGaDa
QUeeNsToMB
LIBrarY
Bara DarIMarkeT PLaCe
ChIkkoo WaDI
sheIkh ahMaD GaNj Baksh khaTTU
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
arChITeCTUrea
rchitectu
re
reLIGIoUs
soCIaL
roYaL
The mausoleum of ahmed shiekh Ganj Baksh khattu and The mosque forms the religious realm of rchitecture. highly con-centrated, heavily insulated and most tran-quIl space of the campus.
saints tomb, arcaded veranda on the periphery is filled with people during festival and special prayer days.
The palaces, pavillion and the water tank are reminiscent of the grandeur of the past. Located on the fringe of the campus, the palaces do not disturb the sanctity and the spirituality. The palaces though grand are very simple in their layout and do not impose their existence upon the other structures.
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
arch
itecture
The rauza (tomb) complex at sarkhej built at the advent of the sultanate era is an apt example of the Indo-saracenic architecture from this region where hindu and Islamic influences are fused together. hindu craftsmanship and construction know-how was overlaid upon the Islamic sense of geometry and scale. a trabeated structural system in sandstone with corbelled domes and non structural arched panels as infill testify to its stylization of hindu craft-men while the reference to square geometric and rectilinear structure grid, floral or geometric patterns in filigree are the consequence of the Islamic discipline of entablature.
The fusion and the eventual spatial organization, however, remain very In-dian. as a sacred structure of the Islamic faith, the sarkhej campus observes the tenets of the religion and these notions are reflected in the principles of its architecture. The strongest of these is the aspect of geometry and symmetry. Individual structures are governed by the rotation of the square plan form and are symmetrical along their own central axis. as any depiction of live creatures is forbidden in Islam,the filigree is essentially in the form of square jalis carved in floral or geometric patterns.
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
enviro
nm
ent
jali is one of the most important feature of the sarkhej roza.jali is a perforated stone or latticed screen, usually with an ornamental pattern constructed through the use of geometry or floral patterns.This technique is mainly found in indian and islamic architecture.early work was performed by carving into stone, while the later technique of inlay was also employed.jali does not secludes a person from a space because of the awareness of the outside world.We get filtered soft and diffused light which helps in kee-ping the space cool.jali also provides proper ventilation in the space.
Panchdhatu-a special five metals amalgated jali has been used in the saints tomb which depicts unification and purity.
The opaque and transparen-cy gives mystical qualities to light when it comes inside at different angles.The play of light makes the space dynamic because of its pattern and shadows.another important feature which jali provides is privacy, a person behind a jali can see outside space but person out-side can not see inside clearly.
jaLI
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
LUNar CaLeNDarLu
nar C
alend
ar
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
Peop
le & Issu
esSTAKE HOLDERS
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
1969 Scheme of Bombay Public Section 50
2 membersDistrict Judge to manage Religious Trust
19799 members
Reservations for Syyeds and Borah
19957 members
No ReservationsSunni+Ahmedabad+no criminal record
Peop
le & Issu
es
What is happening
inside?
AHMEDABAD TIMES
eLeCTIoNs
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
I own this land; it was given to me legally under The
Gujarat Devasthan Inams
Abolition Act in 1969.I am paying
Rs.1000 – Rs.2000 as rent to the com-
mittee.
Peop
le & Issu
esDONATION ????
SALARY Rs 20000
RENT Rs 25OOO +
ELECTRICITY Rs40000
COMMITTIEE fuNDS
FUNDs
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
S. G. HIGHWAY
MAKARBA TALAAB
AHMAD SAR LAKE
RAMP BROKEN
LAKE
INTERLINKING
ACT
There was a natural flow of water in the lake but because of the recent Gandhinagar highway this flow got stopped and now the lake is dry.
The Ramp which is the property of ASI was broken by AuDA and for that ASi has filed a case against Mr. Abrarali Saiyyed and AuDA under the Lake Interlinking Act.
The Makbara Lake behind he monument is also dirty now into algae water, earlier it was connected to Ahmad sar Lake
ASI has the monument and area within 200 metres under them, whereas the water and civic ameneties are the authority of AMC. So the two bodies are interdependent and are not able to plan an action.
LakePeo
ple &
Issues
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
Peop
le & Issu
es Lake - comparison
With water Without water
•S/W winds cools down due to prescence of waterbodies during summer•Prescence of migrating birds •Cultivations of water chestnuts near makarba pond•Activities of people around Ahmad Sar tank
•S/W wind continues to be hot due to drying up of Ahmad sar tank•Stinking coming from makarba lake due to stagnant water.•Absence of migrating birds and people‘s activity due to drying up of the ahmad sar tank.
Sarkhej Roza site Map Sarkhej Roza site Map
Migrating Birds
Cultivation
Washing
Vegetation
Hot airCold air
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
JANMASHTHAMI
In keeping with a 500 year old tradition, janamashtami celebrations were organized at roza till 1985 when rath Yatra happened in Gujarat and a lot of eminent sarkhej personalities died and the event got suspended. Then in the following year in 1986, ramazan coincided janmashtami and since then it was not celebrated.
But living the same tradition again, it got revived on 27th august 2005. The sarpanch of Makarba Gram Panchayat, shri rambhai Bharwad was the Chief Guest of the function alongwith other eminent members of the village. a Quwwali (musical rendition of Urdu poetry) was organized in evening to the joy and participation of eminent citizens and the community around the roza.
Peop
le & Issu
es
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
archaeological and historical sites not only attract tourists but also bind the people together like a string of flowers in a garland. sarkhej being of prime importance in the context of ahmedabad brings about the cohesion throughout the country.
But the Tourism Department apparently is not really promotiing this site and hence the development of the monument and the district is indirectly getting affected. The absence of a bus stoppage, the missing signages are few areas to work on.
The Mausoleum behind the Saint‘s tomb that is outside the walls of sarkhej is not considered as the part of the monument. so neither asI nor aMC is taking care of that dilapidated tomb and it is not even maintained by the people staying around also. so it is bringing down the heritage value of the site.
ToUrIsMo
pp
ortu
nities
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
TRESSPASSERS
WATER SCARCITY
fOuL
fOOD LITTERING
Peop
le & Issu
esFaCILITIes and MaINTeNaNCe
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
Wee
kly
PRAyeRSNamaz/ Salah is the practice of formal worship in Islam. Salah consists of the
repetition of a unit called a raka‘ah consisting of prescribed actions and words.
These are measured according to the movement of the sun. These happen near dawn (fajr), after midday has passed and the sun starts to tilt downwards / Noon (dhuhr), in the afternoon (asr), just after sunset (maghrib) and around nightfall (isha‘a). Maghrib is the
evening ritual which has the maximum number of people for prayers.
QuReShI lANgARThe qureshi jamat at mirzapur holds the
langar every Thursday at the roza. The responsibility of this service has been
handed over from generation to generation since 1850. The
commitie is presently handled by Niyaz Patan(president), yusuf Bhai(secretary)
and Azeez Bapu. This is a sunni committee whose fund comes from the
members of the qureshi community residing in mirzapur. every Thursday they spend around Rs.5000, feeding 3000
people.
AN
Nu
All
y
AN
Nu
All
y
dA
Ily PICNICSSarkhej Roza gives a nice domain to people for
recreation. hence we see a lot of people coming there for picnics and family supper.
CONVOCATIONdarul uloom Shaikh Ahmad khattu Trust ( Madarsa), is a school
established by the Sarkhej Roza committee in the year 2000. There are preachings of Quran in the Arabic medium. A monthly rent of
the land under the trust is paid to the Sarkhej Trust. Their convocation happens once in every 2 years in the Sarkhej Roza premises inside Chickoo Wadi in front of all the Sarkhej Roza
community people.
RAjAB It is the seventh month of the Islamic calendar. The lexical definition
of Rajab is to respect. This month is regarded as one of the four sacred months in Islam in which battles are prohibited. In Sarkhej Roza, there are devotees from all over India who come to pay their
love for the sufi saint in this month of Rajab.
SAMuh lAgANThe Samuh lagna is held on the Sarkhej campus twice in a year.
It involves multiple couples getting married in the same day sequentially, and the cost of the celebrations involved gets shared and heavily subsidised as a result. It happens in Chikoo Wadi inside Sarkhej Roza and is an event taken care by hussani Charitable Trust.
RAMdAANRamdaan brings in the month of fasting when the langer remains
suspended throughout, and people visit Sarkhej Mosque.
MANNAT When the people wish for something and their wish gets fulfilled, they organise the event to thank god, this event is called mannat
where people gather in Sarkhej to celebrate.
CulTuRAl PeRfORMANCeSunder the ASI ans Sarkhej Roza committe, the cultural and religious
sanctity is preserved by organising cultural programmes and workshops in Sarkhej Roza which brings in all classes of people in
the site to celebrate its heritage.
jANMAShTAMIIn keeping with a 500 year old tradition, janamashtami
celebrations were organized at Roza till 1985 when Rath yatra happened in gujarat and a lot of eminent Sarkhej personalities
died and the event got suspended. Since then it was not celebrated but it got revived on 27th August 2005.
TOuRISTSTourists have always been attracted to
archaeological sites of historical importance, perhaps Sarkhej Roza been
the centre for tourist attraction in Ahmadabad occupies it with an ever
green assemblage of devotees.
eVeNTs aND aCTIVITIeseven
ts and
activities
eVeNTs aND aCTIVITIes
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
Su� Performanceson stage
Plinth arround the cheeku trees used by people to rest
N
S
E W
-Junk
-Plint arroundthe trees
SHADE / SEATING / PERFORMANCE
Convocation function
BAD ODOUR FROMMAKARBA LAKE
CHIKOO WADI
Convocation Once in two yearsBetween the months of Ramzaan and Shawwal.
Population:- 100-120 Students- Teachers- Parents- Representatives of Darul- Uloom Khattu Trust
July - AugustTemperature:Max - 32˚cMin - 26˚cDominant Wind Direction:SW to NE
Rajab Su� PerformancesOnce in a year
May - JunTemperature:Max - 40˚cMin - 27˚cDominant Wind Direction:SW to NE
eVeNTs aND aCTIVITIes
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
N
S
E W
CHIKOO WADIDaily Activities
Afternoon-Evening
Isolated entrance andhence not noticed.
Picnic - 60-70 people.Frequent activity.People on tour halt at Cheek Wadi.
Children picking cheeku fruits
People having lunch and resting under cheeku trees
2.4m
0.6m
2.4mChidren tresspasssing to play games
-Junk-High ground-Low ground
-Plinth aroundthe cheeku tree
PROPER ENTRANCE FORCHEEKU WADI
PROPER SHADE AT CHEEKU WADI FOR FULL UTILISATION OF SPACE.
CATER THE NEED
UTILISATION OF SHADE AND THE PLINTH
CLEAN SPACE
BAD ODOUR FROMMAKARBA LAKE
Summer shadows
SUMMER
Temperature :Max - 44˚cMin - 27˚cDominant Wind Direction:SW to NE
WINTER
Temperature:Max - 26˚cMin - 15˚cDominant Wind Direction:NE to SW
Winter shadows
eVeNTs aND aCTIVITIes
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
Slant
Slant
Drain
Slant
op
po
rtun
itiesWaTer FLoW DUrING heaVY raINs
CheekU WaDI
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
N
S
E W
CHIKOO WADISamuh Lagan
Organised by Hussaini Waqf Committee
Twice in one year February and August
No: of people:81 marriages.100 people invited byevery couplefor the ceremony and food
FebruaryAfternoon-Evening
Temperature:Max - 27˚cMin - 13˚cDominant Wind Direction:NE to SW
-Serving
Toilets not functioning.People defecate around it.
Women washing utensils.
Cooking and serving.
Tree provides shade and hence stage is used by women and children for eating.
Ticket system for enteringCheeku Wadi where food is servered.
Exist. Tent for shade.Devision for women and men sitting.
Drums for drinking water and washing hands.No facilities for water inside Cheeku Wadi.
Bamboo gate .
-Junk
-Plinth around cheeku trees
PROPER PLACEMENTAND FUNCTIONINGOF TOILETS AND WATERSUPPLY
SHADE / SEATING / PERFORMANCE
EVEN GROUND LEVEL
PROPER ENTRANCE FORCHEEKU WADI
SHADE
BAD ODOUR FROMMAKARBA LAKE
ChIkkoo WaDI
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
Unattractive entranceDoes not invite visitors Lack of any particular guide navigating them to the wadi.
-Uneven ground at the entrance-The newly constructed walls of Chikoo Wadi do not go with the architectural language of Sarkhej Roza-The cone of view at the entrance of Chikoo Wadi brings in the unpleasant site of the modern buildings across the Makarba. This hinders the landscape of Chikoo Wadi
ENTRANCE:
ISSUES:
Wall: - Paint the wall
- Put textile structures for conveying jali on wall
Entrance:
Permanent: -Steps leading into the wadi -Arch structure
Temporary:
-Arch structures at the entrance.(during performance)
- Textile gate arch
- Landscaping: jali on the end wall to continue the architec ture dialogue
-Arch in form of vegitation
-Vegetation along the wall
ChIkkoo WaDI
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
GUIDING THE BEHAVIOR Various events and activities are conducted inside Chikoo Wadi by people coming from different cultural background.
ISSUES:-No visual communication to people on how to utilize the space, hence it is always left in disarray
Permanent :
- Add grass with paths / pebels for path
- Audience seat
- Demarcation of activities by leveling the ground of Chikoo Wadi and creating depressions/elevation. for : cooking (providing stoves), washing (drainage - slant in this area), defecation.
- Add plinth
Temporary:- Plinth made from textiles- Seating Arrangement - Using ropes for making stuctures for direction purpose
- Add landscaping elements,close to the wall
ChIkkoo WaDI
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
STAGE :Stage constructed inside Chikoo Wadi is not being used for any performances. The placement of the stage is perfect with the Saint’s tomb
the audience.
ISSUES:-Does not invite people to conduct any performance-No sitting arrangement for the audience -The long plinth on the side along the entrance path invites people to enter and sit on the stage.
Permanent:
- Pavement : grass+teracota (or any other)
- Green room
- Jali wall as backdrop
- Electricity
Temporary: - Backdrop
- Shade for stage\audience
- Back stage
- lighting structures for night performances
- audience seating : charpai, modular
ChIkkoo WaDI
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
CLEANLINESS MANAGEMENT:There is no system to manage cleanliness inside Chikoo Wadi.
ISSUES:-No bins for collecting garbage-As the toilets are not functioning kids defecate in open -No proper water facilities -There is an open drain outside Chikoo Wadi (towards the Makarba) which creates awful odour
Permanent:
- Maintenance : water + toilet
- Strategic placement of garbage bins near the cooking area , wash basin \toilet and one near the shades.
- Additional taps + toilets- Entrance of toilet
- Close the open drain or trees for odour
- Sacred system of tieing threads around trees or jalis
Temporary:
- Plastic covers for garbage bins : incorporated into the wall
- Re�ective surface the walls
- Storage facilities for temporary structures and ,other cleaning purposes-Elevated garden structures closeto the wall
ChIkkoo WaDI
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
SHADE:Shades are only provided by tress in Chikoo Wadi. When events are held, people get their own temporary structures.
ISSUES:-As the shades provided by trees change with the sun direction, temporary or permanent structures are necessary
Temporary:
- Dome structure
- Collapsable/ temporary sades :for marriages, picnics,
- Textile structure
- Textile structure-canopy structureprovide shade in the open area
ChIkkoo WaDI
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
Green room
Storage facilitiesfor temporary structures
Additional toilet /and a blinder
Hand washing area
cooking(1)and washing dish area
cooking(2) and washing dish area
Entrance with steps and arch
vegetation
Audience seating area
ChIkkoo WaDI
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
UNUSED SPACEuntapped possibilities...
TOYS, BALLOOS, EATABLES
“We sell outside Sarkhej Roza.
Business is espe-cially good during
Rajab.”
POTTERY“We sell to “We sell to
middlemen.We don’t mind them keeping a cut. We don’t have
the time for retail.”
SEWING“I go to Hussaini “I go to Hussaini
Waqf classes for the certificate.I go after school .I can work
from home if I manage to get
orders.”
TORAN“I get orders,
they supply the materials,and I get paid rs.4 for a dozen torans.
EMBROIDERY ,CROCHET
“We had craft “We had craft workshops at
Sarkhej , but we don’t use those skills anymore.”
MEHENDI“This is a hobby and I go because it s free
and I can make some money when we get
wedding orders.”orders.”
op
po
rtun
itiesPeoPLe, sPaCe aND TIMe - oPPorTUNITIes
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
CLeaNLINess - IssUeo
pp
ortu
nities
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
WaTer FLoW DUrING heaVY raINs
MarkeT PLaCe
op
po
rtun
ities
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
MARKET SPACE
CHAI STALL
ENTRANCE AND EXIT(for tourist and locals)
EXIT(during lungar)
ENTRANCE(Locals)
Structure-permanantOccupiers-change
Visual Barrier(temporary)
Parmanent souvenier shop
Parmanent souvenier shop
WORKSHOPSOR/ANDREST ROOMS
PERFORMANCE SPACE
Parmanent souvenier shop
Suggestion:1Suggestion:2Suggestion:3
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
MarkeT PLaCer
espo
nses
-
WHY THIS SPACE:
ENTRANCE:Attract people
Cloth Scrolls:
Inspired from pilars of the complexEmpasises the entranceBuilds curiosityProvide directionality
Calligraphy:
Could have verses of Quran like they have on walls
Provides first impression of space inside
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
Partition:Can be used for display
1.8m required for 2 ppl to
comfortably walk 2m Flooring:Combination of stone tiles
and grass.suitable for walking bare-feet and with footwear.
Cloth Scrolls:An abstraction of pillars
Continued from the entrance
Roof:Provides shade and protection from rainInspired from the jaali
0.26m
0.54m1.8m required for 2
ppl to
comfortablyw alk 2m F0.54m
Storage Area
Seating Area
Display Area
SPACE UTILIZATION
Partition:Allows for display
-
4.1m0.2m3.92m
WHY THIS SPACE:-Already existing infrastructureie. Pillars(demarcate area for stalls), Plinth
MARKET SPACE:Income Generation Attracting Tourists
MarkeT PLaCer
espo
nses
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
MarkeT PLaCer
espo
nses
ROOF:
Two layeredOctagonal cut outs on the area extending over the path to walkInspired from the concept of jaaliShadow paterns keep changing with sun angle
Overhead sunMorning sun Evening sun
42º21’
41º92’
9:00 A.M.
12:30 P.M.
4:00 P.M.
TIMING oN 21st jUNe
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
WHY THIS SPACE:-Aesthetic backdrop of Saints Tomb-Can comfortably seat 100 people for small performances
PERFORMANCE SPACEDisplay of cultureAttracting Tourists
RESTING SPACE, PLAYGROUNDProviding alternative space for small picnicsProximity to main entranceActs as independent space due to alternative entranceOpen space to play
WHY THIS SPACE:-Aesthetic backdrop of Saints Tomb.-Can comfortably seat 70 people for small picnics
3m
2.5m
Movable (Weight 10 kg ) Adjustable angle (protects from sun at different angles)CollapsibleCan comfortably seat a family fo 5
MarkeT PLaCer
espo
nses
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
Iden
tifying
the n
eed
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
IDeNTIFYING The NeeD
Sarkhej Roza
National Institute of DesignTextile and Space 2012
BIBLIOGRAPHYB
iblio
grap
hy
e- Books References
http://www.sarkhejroza.org/
www.trekearth.com
www.deviantart.com
www.auda.org.in
www.littleepottery.com
www.nimatullahi.org
www.southasiaanalysis.org
www.thesaurus.com
www.wikimapia.org
www.acfindia.org Video References
Dir. shraddha sakhalkarsarkhej.National Institute of Design, ahmedabad, 2010. Film ritwick NandiProject DocumentNational Institute of Design: ahmedabad 600 joint stu-dio, spring 2011
exhibition Design 2009 Batch studentsWorkshop Document National Institute of Design: sarkhej roja Instant Ligh-ting Workshop, 27-29 March 2011
Tanvi sonavneLighting Proposal National Institute of Design: Design Project III, spring 2011. Videos: Light Painting, Lighting for Namaz
Interviews
- Bhavana, Friends of sarkhej roza
- Mr. abrarali s. saiyed - President of sarkhej roza Committee
- Yaseen Bhai - hussaini Waqf Committee
- samath khan Pathan, secratary to sarkhej roza Com-mittee
- haider ali, fakeer
- Teachers of Darul - Uloom shaikk ahmed khattu trust
- Mohd. Nizam-ud-Din Malik hadim ( Chaadarwala)
- Local People - sameena Makrani - Naseem ben - sameena - Naseem ben - kiran ben
Book References
Yagnik, achyut, and suchitra sheth. ahmedabad: From royal City to Megacity. New Delhi: Penguin India, 2011
ramagundam, rahul. Gandhi‘s Khadi: A History of Contention and Conciliation. New Delhi: orient Longman, 2008
Pandya, YatinConcepts of space in Traditional Indian architectureMapin Publications, 2005
alfieri, Bianca MariaIslamic architecture of the Indian subcontinentLondon, Lawrence king Publications, 2000
Balasubrahmanyan, suchitra, and sharmila sagaraahmedabad 600: Portraits of a CityMumbai: Marg Publications, 2011
David, robin City of Fear Penguin Global, 2008
Yajnika, a & sheth, s The shaping of Modern GujaratPenguin Books India, 2005
www.plantarchives.org
www.vibrantgujarat.com
www.icograda.org
www.free-clipart-pictures.net
www.clker.com
www.lawsofindia.org
www.ahmedabad.org.uk
www.foga.com
www.arcspace.com
http://www.lissongallery.com/#/artists/anish-kapoor/