Post on 30-Dec-2015
description
Saponification
Making Soap
“Soaponification”
Saponification Reaction:
Fat + Lye Soap + Glycerol
Lye - Caustic solution made from ashes.
Soda Lye = NaOH
Potash Lye = KOH
Combining potash K2CO3 with slaked lime Ca(OH)2 yields KOH and CaCO3
NaOH obtained from reacting sodium compounds.
O H
C17H35-C-O-C-H + NaOH
O
C17H35-C-O-C-H + NaOH
O
C17H35-C-O-C-H + NaOH
H
Fat Lye
(Triglyceride)
O H
C17H35-C-ONa H-C-OH
O
C17H35-C-ONa + H-C-OH
O
C17H35-C-ONa H-C-OH
H
Soap! Glycerol
How does it happen?? O
• Break the ester linkages C – O- by hydrolyzing the bonds between the carbon backbone and the fatty acid chains.
• (Reversal of esterification reaction)
• Form the sodium salt of a fatty acid (soap) and a trihydroxy alcohol (glycerol).
The Chemistryhttp://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Saponification
• Organic Reaction: Slow!
• Must break covalent bonds.
• Refluxing: Technique which allows a volatile solvent to boil, condense and return to the reaction vessel. It helps to maintain a fairly constant temperature throughout the reaction period.
BUMPING!!!
• When superheated liquids above their boiling point suddenly boil.
• Large bubbles cause liquid to shoot out of container.
• Add boiling chips to prevent bumping.
Strange but true…
Fat in cadavers: saponifies if conditions are right. Alkalai environment, moist, minimal oxygen.
Adipocere or grave wax is formed.