Sanitation Situation of the Philippines

Presented by:Aleli P. Sudiacal, MD, MPH

National Center for Disease Prevention and ControlDepartment of Health

“We shall not finally defeat AIDS, Tuberculosis, Malaria or any other infectious diseases that plague the

developing world until we have also won the battle for

safe drinking water, sanitation and basic health care.”

- Kofi Annan

Millennium Development Goal

• MDG # 7 Target 11 - Halving the proportion of people without access to improved sanitation.

• MDG # 7 Target 11 - Halving the proportion of people without access to improved sanitation.

Health Impact• 1.8 M people die from diarrheal diseases• 1 B people suffer from Soil-Transmitted

Helminthiasis• 1.5 M deaths in the 0 – 5 y.o. age group every

year of 5,000 child deaths/day• Diarrheal cases still in the top 10 leading

causes of morbidity for 20 years

Sanitation

• Is the hygienic means of preventing human contact from the hazards of wastes to promote health.

• Hygienic means of prevention- Personal hygiene practices- Latrines and septic tanks- Sewerage and wastewater technologies

Sanitation CoverageType of Sanitation Type of Sanitation

FacilityFacilityUrbanUrban RuralRural TotalTotal

Flush Toilet, ownFlush Toilet, own 76.776.7 53.653.6 65.765.7

Flush Toilet, sharedFlush Toilet, shared 15.915.9 10.710.7 13.413.4

Closed PitClosed Pit 1.51.5 10.710.7 5.95.9

Open PitOpen Pit 0.80.8 6.86.8 3.73.7

Drop/OverhangDrop/Overhang 1.11.1 2.82.8 1.91.9

No toiletNo toilet 3.93.9 15.415.4 9.39.3

OtherOther 0.10.1 0.10.1 0.10.1

TotalTotal 100100 100100 100100

Source: National Demographic and Health Survey, 2003

Majority of the existing septic tanks were poorly constructed.

Top Ten Provinces with lowest Sanitation Coverage

Province Rate1. Sulu 10.92. Basilan 22.43. Lanao del Sur 35.04. Marinduque 35.45. Masbate 44.56. Zamboanga Sibugay 45.77. Maguindanao 45.98. Lanao del Norte 48.29. Pampanga 50.0

10. Nueva Ecija 50.1 FHSIS, 2006

PHILIPPINES SANITARY TOILET COVERAGE PER PROVINCE, C.Y. 2006

LEGEND:

Less than 50 %

50-73% (< National AVE.)

74 % and more (> National AVE.)

Population Growth and Sewerage ServicesPOPULATION GROWTH AND SEWERAGE SERVICES POPULATION

COVERAGE

3742

48

54

6165

73

0 1 35 5 5 5

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000

NSO CENSUS YEAR

PO

PU

LA

TIO

N (

MIL

LIO

N)

National Population (NSO)

Service Area PopulationCoverage

Source: Philippines Environment Monitor 2003. World Bank

Cities with Sewerage System: Metro Manila, Baguio City,Ilocos Norte, Zamboanga City and Cebu City

Annual losses due to poor

sanitation–US$1.4 billion

–Php 77.8 billion

–1.5% of GDP

–Php 924 per capita

$1,011.20

$323.40

$40.10 $37.50

0.00

200.00

400.00

600.00

800.00

1,000.00

1,200.00

Health Water Tourism Other Welfare

OVERALLOVERALL ECONOMIC LOSSESECONOMIC LOSSES

Source: Economic Impact of Sanitation in the Philippines

What are the challenges?

Investments on Sanitation and Investments on Sanitation and Sewerage for the Past YearsSewerage for the Past Years

Annual Average Investment on Water Supply versus Sanitation and Sewerage

Php 1,505.82/yr.

(3%)

Php 43,749.95/yr.

(97%)

Source: Philippines Environment Monitor 2003, World Bank

Challenges

• Consumers’ willingness to pay

• Poor enforcement of laws

• Poor access to innovative solutions

• Lack of demand for sanitation services

FOURFOURMULAMULA ONE FOR HEALTH:ONE FOR HEALTH:IImplementation Framework for Health mplementation Framework for Health

Sector ReformSector Reform

Program Strategies/Activities - 1

1. Policy and Regulatory componenta. Develop models of regulationb. Create policies that favor

innovation in technology

Program Strategies/Activities - 2

2. Governance componenta. Create/identify capable bodiesb. Employ sector-wide approach

Program Strategies/Activities - 3

3. Service delivery componenta. Develop and disseminate alternative

optionsb. Create awareness and demandc. Create synergies

Program Strategies/Activities - 4

4. Financing componenta. Encourage public-private

partnershipsb. Explore complementary

alternative financing options e.g. user fees

Sanitation and hygiene are challenges that will not go away overnight. Real progress requires concerted efforts from all actors. And for us to

realize achieving our sanitation goals and targets means we have to act now.