TOILET FOR RURAL AND HANDICAPPED PEOPLE

COMPOST TYPE MAKING TOILET:

• The compost method is actually a dry method in which the feses are not exposed, it is being decomposed to compost which can be used in the farm as a fertilizer.

. “Urine diverted toilet

work”

Working details:

• 1. DIVERSION OF URINE AND FAESES: Urine-diverting toilets use a special pedestal in which theurine enters the front part of the pedestal and is then diverted through a pipeand is thus separated from the faeces which fall directly downwards into avault or container. 2.Some dry soil and wood ash is added to cover the faecesafter every visit. This covers the deposit and helps to dry out the surface of the faeces and makes them easier to handle and transfer.

3. Also the solid component, being in a semi dry state, is much easier to handle and is safer from the beginning, even if it does initially contain pathogens. 4.Being semi dry, it does not smell so much and its potential as a fly breeding medium is much reduced compared to the mix of urine and faeces. Eventually the faeces become completely composted.5.upon being composted after 6-12 months the compost can be used as a fetiliser in the field.

When the secondary deposits also fills then the top layer is filled with the fertile soil,which acts as arborloo.

Emptying faeces into a

small shallow pit

Some advantages:

• Mosquitoes cannot breed here because of absence of water.

• Mosquitoes can be taken out by using sprigs of the wild basil Ocimumcanum

• Flies can never be seen in this system.

Advantages on crops:

test crop of spinach grown on poor soil was compared to spinach grownin the same poor soil mixed with an equal volume of pit compost. After 30days of growth, the harvest was increased 7 times

.5 lt of water+urine 3:1 twice in week gives healthy spanich

The mix of 0.5 lit water+urine of ratio 5:1 can give healthy harvest of onion.

Onion growth test –

the harvest on the

right was grown in

soil enhanced with

toilet compost

Maize cob yields

Maize fed with water only

(left-side) and diluted urine (right-side)

MATERIAL USED FOR CONSTRUCTION OF STRUCTURES:

Micro concrete roofing Hollow Concrete Block

CEMENT

SAND

SMALL STONES

REINFORCEMENT 3-4mm wire

Plastic pipe for vent pipe

Screen(to avoid the entering of flies)

Door(using coconut dry leaves/ ferro cement)

How to build a single vault urine-diverting toilet

1.Base slab and latrine slab construction:

• Base slab: The whole structure is built

on top of this base slab.

•Concreate mix:5:1 (sand:cement)

• “or” 3:2:1(sand:small stones:cement)

•Dimensions:1.5m long X1.0m wide X 75mm deep

Steel reinforcing wires are placed in the concrete.

. Steps: 450 mm x335mm

• The latrine slab: 1.2mx0.9mx40mm

• Lengths of reinforcing wire are added after the first half of the concrete mix is added.

• The second half of the mix is then added and smoothed down

with a wooden float followed by a steel float.

Hole cast: for both pedestal and vent pipe

Way to constructlatrine slab

Making the vault, step and lintel:

• The vault :built with hllow concreate block and mortar base slab (Figure 6-3).

• The walls are built so that the outer measurements of the top are 1.2m X 0.9m will be fitted (Figure 6-4).

Building the vault using

HCB on their edgeTesting the height of the

vault access

• the rear end of the latrine slab will not be supported on a brick wall it is desirable to make a reinforced concrete lintel which spans the rear end ofthevault.

• 3 parts river sand and one part cement and reinforced with 3 or 4mm wire

Reinforced slab:

0.9m long and be 225mm X

75mm wide

Fitting the vault access slab Front view of the vault with the toilet slab placed on top

Sequence of making a homemade urine-diverting pedestal with urine outlet pipe above slab level:

Materials for the homemadeurine-diverting toilet pedestal: Cutting the base off the bucket

The cut base fitted half-way up the bucket at an angle Attaching the cut base with wire

Marking the plastic base The cut plastic base

Using a hot wire to make a hole through the plastic toilet seat ribs The toilet seat with a threaded loop of wire

Fitting of the pipe bend to the bucket Inside view of the fitted pipe bend

Bent wire added around the bucket Concrete added half-way up the bucket

Concrete added to the toilet seat bucket placed onto the toilet seat

Wire added for reinforcement Completed pedestal curing

Upper-half of bucket covered in concrete Bucket and seat turned over and placed into base mould

RUBBER USED TO GIVE 100% SEAL

Urine outlet pipe attached Outlet pipe led to the back of the toilet

Sealing the urine diverter against the bucket wall Sealing the top side of the urine diverter

Painting the pedestal Close-up of the base of the Pedestal

Urine-diverting pedestal installed Exterior of toilet house with urine-diverting toilet

A brick single-vault urinediverting toilet plastic single-vault urinediverting toilet(cost effective)

Use and management of the urine-diverting toilet• it is essential that soil and wood ash are added after every visit to the

latrine.

• It is wise to premix the soil and the ash when these materials are in the dry state at a ratio of four parts soil to one part ash.

• The rate of filling depends on the number of users and the amount of soil and ash added.

Processing the faeces

• The faeces (without urine) fall directly into the bucket, and it is wise to put some humus or leaves in the base when it is empty to avoid sticking and to help start the composting process off.

• unit the bucket is removed and its contents transferred to a secondary processing site quite regularly.

• In practice the toilet can be taken or considered as a primary site for a

formation of compost from the faeses.

.the pit where the remaining process of conversion of the faeses to the humus is called a secondary site.

Top-view of the a urine diverting pedestal Using ash and sand box

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Toilets for handicapped

Created by : ashwini goswami………………………….

•Thank u