Salvage and Overhaul

Frederick County / Winchester Basic Fire Academy

Loss Control

Objectives

• List the benefits of loss control to the public and the fire department.

• State the purpose of salvage.• State the purpose of overhaul.• Select facts about salvage

planning and procedures.• Select facts about salvage tools,

equipment, and materials.

Objectives (cont.)

• Match to their correct uses tools and equipment used in overhaul.

• Select facts about overhaul safety and methods.

• List the four basic methods of detecting hidden fires.

• Select from a list, indicators of hidden fires.

Objectives (cont.)

• Provide examples of information that should be noted / reported en-route or in the vicinity of the fire scene.

• Provide examples of information that should be noted / reported on arrival at the fire scene.

Objectives (cont.)

• Provide examples of information that should be noted / recorded during firefighting.

• Select facts about preserving and protecting evidence during overhaul.

Physical Objectives

• Fold and roll salvage covers.• Spread salvage covers from

various folds and rolls.• Clean, inspect, and repair salvage

covers.• Construct and splice water chutes.• Construct a catchall.

Physical Objectives (cont.)

• Cover or close building openings.• Use an infrared scanner.• Remove debris and route water

from a structure.

The Value Of Loss Control

• Adds value to the fire and rescue department’s services.

• Promotes firefighting as a craft.• Builds goodwill within the community.• Receives praise and recognition in the media.• Gives firefighters a feeling of accomplishment.• Leads to better morale and efficiency among

firefighters.

Purpose Of Salvage

• Methods and operating procedures associated with firefighting that aid in reducing primary and secondary damage during firefighting operations.(I.F.S.T.A. Textbook Definition)

• To reduce damage from fire, smoke, water, heat, cold, or weather during and after a fire.

Purpose Of Overhaul

• To search out and extinguish hidden fires.

• To protect the scene after the fire.• To preserve evidence of the fire’s

origin and cause.• To restore premises to safe

condition.

General Planning For Effective Salvage

Operations

• Salvage S.O.P.’s.• Special pre-plans for buildings with

high-value contents.• Awareness of contents vital to

businesses in commercial occupancies.

• Working with loss control representatives of local businesses.

• When to begin salvage operations.

When Salvaging Household Furnishings and Commercial

• Gathering in close piles in center of room.

• Placing high objects at ends of piles and using rolled rugs as ridgepoles.

• Placing small objects (pictures, curtains, lamps, etc.) on larger objects such as couches or beds.

• Using water-resistant materials to raise furniture off wet floor.

• The challenges of commercial occupancies:– Ceiling-to-floor display shelves.– Contents stacked too close to ceiling.– Un-palleted storage.– Dangers of high-piled stock.

• Removing large quantities of water by:– Cleaning clogged drains.– Removing toilet fixtures.– Creating scuppers.– Using existing sanitary piping

systems.– Affixing chutes.

Typical Characteristics Of Salvage Covers

• May be canvas, vinyl, or disposable plastic.

• Reinforced corners and hems.• Purpose of grommets in the edge

hems.• Difficulty of adapting plastic covers

to traditional salvage cover folds.

Salvage Equipment Location

• Why is it recommended that salvage equipment be located in one area on the apparatus?– Eliminates the need to search the

apparatus for equipment.

Salvage Equipment Location

• How should smaller tools and equipment be stored on the apparatus?– In a specially designated salvage tool

box or other container to make them easier to carry.

Maintenance Of Salvage Covers

• The proper cleaning, drying, and repairing of reusable salvage covers increases their span of service.

Maintenance Of Salvage Covers

• Rinse with a hose stream.• Scrubbing with a brush and mild

soap and water for heavy soiled areas.

• Rinse.• Allow to air dry.• Inspect for damage.

Salvage Equipment

• Wrenches, pliers, screwdrivers.• Plastic, knife, nails, screws, duct tape.• Hammers, staple gun, pry bar.• Squeegees, brooms, water vacuum.• Scoop shovels, debris buckets.

Equipment based upon local service area needs!!!

Methods Of Folding, Rolling, and Spreading Salvage

Covers

• One firefighter spread with a rolled salvage cover.

• One firefighter spread with a folded salvage cover.

• Two firefighter spread with a folded salvage cover.

One Firefighter Spread With A Rolled Salvage Cover

One Firefighter Spread With A Folded Salvage Cover

Two Firefighter Spread With A Folded Salvage Cover

Water Chutes

• Salvage covers can be used to create water chutes to direct water out of a structure to prevent further damage to the building and its contents.

Construction Of A Catchall

• A catchall can be constructed from a salvage cover and placed on the floor to catch water. They can hold up to a couple hundred of gallons of water.

Covering Openings

• Cover all exterior openings to help prevent further damage to property by weather.

• Cover broken or missing doors or windows with plywood, heavy plastic, and/or similar materials.

Covering Openings

• Cover openings in roofs with plywood, roofing paper, heavy plastic sheathing, or tar paper.

• If using roofing paper, tar paper, or plastic, use appropriate roofing nails to tack down the edges with laths between the nails and the material.

Overhaul

• Is it necessary to wear self-contained breathing apparatus (S.C.B.A.) when performing overhaul?– YES!!! It is essential for firefighters to

wear proper personal protective equipment (P.P.E.), including S.C.B.A.; eye protection should be worn if it is safe to remove self-contained breathing apparatus.

Overhaul

• What size hoseline do you need for overhaul?

• What kind of appliances may be used to extinguish small fires during minor overhaul operations?

• What should firefighters do with the hoseline during overhaul operations to prevent water damage?

What Other Tools Will Be Needed For Overhaul?

What Is The First Step In Overhaul?

• Determine if the condition of this building is safe to perform overhaul?

What Two Major Factors Affect The Condition Of The

Building?

• Fire intensity and amount of water used!

What Are Some Signs Of Structural Instability?

• Weakened floors.• Spalled concrete.• Weakened steel roof members. • Offset walls due to elongated steel

supports.• Opened mortar in wall joints.• Melted wall ties.

What Is The Second Step In Overhaul Operations?

• Searching for and extinguishing hidden fires.

Utilize Senses To Search For Hidden Fires

• Touch– Feel walls and floors for heat with the back

of a ungloved hand.

• Sound– Popping or cracking of fire burning.– Hissing of steam.

• Electronic Sensors– Thermal (heat) signature detection.– Infrared signature detection.

When May The Process Of Looking For Extension and

Hidden Fires Begin?

• After the fire has been knocked down and the person responsible for determining the cause and origin of the fire says that it is all right.

Where Does The Process Of Looking For Hidden Fires

Begin?

• In the area of actual fire involvement. This will extend away from the area of origin to the area above the fire, below the fire, and to all sides of the fire.

What Are The Four Basic Methods Of Detecting Hidden

Fires?

• Sight• Touch• Sound• Electronic Sensors

What Are Some Ways Firefighters Can Detect Hidden Fires By Sight?

• Discoloration of materials.• Peeling paint.• Smoke issuing from cracks.• Cracked plaster.• Dried wallpaper.• Burned areas.

What Are Some Ways Firefighters Can Detect Hidden

Fires By Touch?

• Feeling walls with back of ungloved hand.

What Are Some Ways That Firefighters Can Detect Hidden

Fires By Sound?

• Listening for popping or crackling of fire burning, listening for hissing steam.

Use Of Electronic Sensors

• They use a laser to detect a temperature of an object, such as a wall. With a higher than normal temperature may indicate a hidden fire. A Thermal Imagining Camera (T.I.C.) would also work in much the same way.

Methods Of Checking For Fire Extension and Hidden Fires

• If floor beams are burned at their ends where they enter a party wall, flushing voids in wall with water and check the far side of the wall for hidden fire.

• Removing, checking, and extinguishing insulation materials.

Methods Of Checking For Fire Extension and Hidden Fires

• If fire has burned around doors and windows, opening door and window casings and extinguishing fires.

• If fire has burned around a combustible roof or cornice, opening the cornice and inspecting for hidden fires.

• If sensory equipment indicates, remove materials and check for hidden fires.

Protecting and Preserving Evidence

• En-Route or In Vicinity:– Time of day.– Weather and natural hazards.– Man-made barriers.– People leaving scene.

Information That Should Be Noted On Arrival At The Fire

• Time of arrival and extent of fire.• Wind direction / velocity.• Doors and windows.• Location of fire.• Containers or cans.• Burglary tools.• Familiar faces.

Information That Should Be Noted During Firefighting

Operations

• Unusual odors.• Abnormal fire behavior.• Out-of-place items.• Obstacles to firefighting.• Incendiary devices.• Trailers.

Operations

• Structural alterations.• Fire patterns.• Heat intensity.• Documents.• Fire detection and protection

systems.• Intrusion alarms.

Operations

• Location of fire.• Personal possessions.• Household items.• Equipment / stock.• Business records.

Responsibilities Of Firefighters After The Fire

• Report observations to officer-in-charge.

• Write chronological account of circumstances personally observed if fire is suspicious origin.

• Do not move debris.• Do not throw debris outside in piles.• Remain watchful for further

evidence.

General Methods For Protecting and Preserving

Evidence

• Do not gather or handle evidence unless absolutely necessary in order to preserve it.

• Do not change the evidence in any way other that what is absolutely necessary in the extinguishment of the fire.

• Preserve footprints and tire tracks under cardboard boxes.

General Methods For Protecting and Preserving

Evidence

• Close dampers and other openings to preserve partially or completely burned papers found in a stove or furnace or fireplace.

• Leave charred documents found in containers such as wastebaskets, small file cabinets, and binders that can be moved easily; keep the items away from drafts.

Summary

• Benefits of loss control to the public and the fire department.

• Purpose of salvage.• Purpose of overhaul.• Information about salvage planning and

procedures, salvage tools, and equipment.• Information about tools and equipment used in

overhaul.• Select facts about overhaul safety and methods.• List the four basic methods of detecting hidden

fires.• Select from a list, indicators of hidden fires.

Summary (cont.)

• Provided examples of information that should be noted / reported en-route or in the vicinity of the fire scene.

• Provided examples of information that should be noted / reported on arrival at the fire scene.

• Provided examples of information that should be noted / recorded during firefighting.

• Select facts about preserving and protecting evidence during overhaul.

Questions

Salvage and Overhaul

Documents

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