SAFETY IN THE

WORKSHOPPresented by:

Mr. B. Elliott

General Construction Instructor

Copyright MHS/PVTC2010

1. GENERAL AND PERSONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES

PERSONAL SAFETY PROCEDURES: Has to do with the way in which a person is attired for the workshop or worksite for practical activity.

Always wear your personal protective equipment (ppe)

Do not wear defective ppe

GENERAL AND PERSONAL HEALTH AND SAFETY REQUIREMENTS AND PROCEDURES

GENERAL SAFETY PROCEDURES: has to do with the general working environment.

Clean up all spills immediately Keep workshop clean Ensure all machine guards are in place

before use.

1.2 APPROPRIATE HEALTH AND SAFETY MATERIALS, ACCESSORIES

Accessories: Any thing that can be added to something else in order to make it more useful, versatile, or attractive.

Safety materials: items used to prevent injury or damage to someone or something

1.2 APPROPRIATE HEALTH AND SAFETY MATERIALS, ACCESSORIES

Equipment: supplies; items; instruments, tools or other things needed for completing a specific task

Tools: A device, equipment or gadget, esp. one held in the hand, that is used to perform or carry out a particular task or function

1.2 APPROPRIATE HEALTH AND SAFETY MATERIALS, ACCESSORIES

Gear: Personal Protective Equipment (PPE)or clothing - Specialized clothing or equipment worn by employees for protection against health and safety hazards. Personal protective equipment is designed to protect many parts of the body, i.e., eyes, head, face, hands, feet, and ears. Work related examples include shatter proof safety glasses, steel toed work boots, construction site helmets, leather aprons and so on

FIRES

Fires can be classified into Five groups – A, B, C, D and K.

Class A fires are common combustible materials

such as wood, cloth, paper and packing materials.

Class B fires are of flammable liquids such as petrol,

kerosene, oil, grease, fat, wax, paint, thinners

lacquers and solvents.

Class C fires involve live electrical equipment such

as light fittings, motors, generators, cables, wiring,

switches, switchboards and electronic equipment.

Class D fires involve combustible metals

such as magnesium, potassium, and

sodium.

Class K fires are caused by household

chemicals such as aerosol spray, candles,

nail polish remover, acetone, etc.

FIRE EXTINGUISHER AND THEIR USE(S)

EXTINGUISHER TYPE HOW IT WORK EFFECTIVE AGAINST

Pressurized water or Ordinary combustible

 cooling  class A fires

Carbon dioxide or Flammable liquid

smothering classes B & C fires

 Multipurpose dry powder or Flammable gas

smothering classes A, B & C fires

Dry chemical for combustible metal or Combustible metals

 smothering  class D fires

Wet chemicals cooling & smothering

classes A, B and Kitchen fires

EXAMPLES OF FIRE EXTINGUISHERS

Dry Chemical Halon Water Carbon Dioxide

FIRE FIGHTING As with all workplace hazards, fire should be dealt with immediately

and quickly. Various types of portable fire extinguishers, fire

blankets, hoses and water can be used to extinguish fires.

If you observe a fire, here are some useful tips of SAFETY:

• Sound alarm

• Advise fire brigade

• Fight fire

• Evacuate

• Tell everyone to get clear

• You get clear

Never use water on a Class B fire as it may Spread the burning liquid.

PROCEDURES TO USE AN EXTINGUISHER

1. Remove extinguisher from rack/box

2. Hold upright, pull ring pin3. Start back 10 feet, hold flexible

hose with one hand aiming the nozzle at the base of flame

4. Squeeze operating handle or lever; sweep from side to side

1.3 DEFINITION OF FIRST AID

This is the emergency

care/treatment given to a victim

of sudden injury or illness before

more skilful or professional

medical care is given/accessed

IMPORTANCE OF FIRST AID

First aid may save a life or improve certain vital signs including pulse, temperature, a patient (unobstructed) airway, and breathing.

In minor emergencies, first aid may prevent a victim’s condition from worsening and provide relief from pain.

ACCIDENT

An accident is an unexpected, unplanned

and undesirable event, which causes – or

nearly causes – human injury or damage to

property.

Examples: falling from a ladder, objects falling

from overhead, etc.

Accidents mean suffering and loss for everyone!

Accidents seldom just happen – they are usually

caused!

CAUSES OF ACCIDENTS

Carelessness - Fooling around, running about.

Paying no regard for others working near you.

Not paying attention to safety rules.

Ignorance – of the dangers of a machine or

tool, and of safety precautions.

Unsuitable clothing – Large, loose clothing,

unbuttoned shirt, wearing neckties.

Untidiness – Overcrowded passageways,

objects on the floor, grease or oil on the floor.

Hand Tools – Using dull blunt or broken tools.

Using incorrect tools.

Exposed Eyes – Not wearing proper eye

protection during practical work.

Machine Tools – No knowledge of how to

operate machines. No permission to use

machines. Machine tools and parts not

secured properly.

Lifting Objects – Lifting anything that is too

heavy for you to manage.

INJURY

A instance of physical harm or damage suffered

Examples: fractures, burns, bruises, strains, Sprains, etc

EMERGENCY

A sudden and unexpected event

requiring immediate attention

Example: weak or slow breathing, heart

stops, Injuries of the skin(2nd & 3rd degree

burns and fractures)

FIRST AID PROCEDURESAssessing the situation(what to treat first)

1. Don’t panic: psychological support is essential

2. Remember the ABC’s of life support

Airway open: open and maintain victim’s airway

Breathing restored: if not breathing, begin rescue

breathing technique

Circulation maintained: if no pulse is present, begin

CPR (by blowing 1 rescue breath into victims mouth

after each 5 external cardiac compressions)

3. Check for bleeding: a) apply direct pressure

b) Elevate injured limb only if it doesn’t cause further

pain or injury c)Apply pressure on supplying artery.

Only use a tourniquet for severe life threatening

hemorrhage as a last resort when all other

measures fail.

4. Look for signs of shock and broken bones

(fractures)

5. Look for an emergency medical identification tag

on the victim’s wrist, ankle or neck.

6. Get professional medical help quickly.

Know emergency numbers. Telephone

appropriate authorities and describe the

problem. Be sure to give your name,

location and the number of persons

involved.

7. Loosen any clothing that may restrict

victim’s breathing or interfere with

circulation.

8. Never give an unconscious person

anything by mouth.

9. Do not move injured persons unless

situation is life threatening. Keep victim

still, quiet and warm (except heat

exhaustion and sun stroke). Victim with

broken bones should not be moved until a

splint has been properly applied

BODY PRESSURE POINTS

IDENTIFY SAFETY HAZARDS

Health and safety hazards exist on construction

worksites; therefore, it is your responsibility to

first, identify the hazards and then take the

necessary actions to minimize the risks.

All workplaces have hazards that could cause

injury or illness. These situations not only cause

personal suffering and loss of income, but also

loss of productivity and property damage.

HAZARDS

Anything that can expose a person to

danger or injury.

Hazardous situations, if detected early and

corrected speedily, can significantly reduce

the chances of accidents occurring.

TYPES OF WORKPLACE HAZARDSTripping: cluttered work area, unsecured extension

cords, obstacles in walkway, protruding objects,

Limited storage space – results in materials not being

stacked correctly to facilitate easy retrieval

Health: Fumes and gases - exposure to toxic substances and chemicals; Dust - exposure during sanding and clean up activities; Garbage in workshop, improper lifting technique

Electrical-improper grounding, use of extension

cords with worn insulation, exposed wires or misuse of

electrical equipment, trailing electric leads

Chemical: Solids, Liquids, Gases

Mechanical: faulty equipment and

machinery, Malfunctioning machinery

Physical: Noise, Heat, Sun, Vibration,

Manual handling of tools and equipment,

Poor lighting – tools cannot be applied

effectively in areas that are not well lit

Fire: use of heat gun not in accordance

with directions, improper storage of

flammable Substances, oily rags

CAN YOU IDENTIFY EACH HAZARD?

WHAT TO DO

When you have identified safety

hazards in your work environment,

you need to take the necessary steps

to implement procedures to reduce

risk to self and others. These include:

Using correct tools and equipment

and reporting defective equipment

WHAT TO DO

Wearing appropriate Personal

Protective Equipment (PPE)

Handling materials safely

Adhering to workplace, environmental

and safety regulations.

Securing hazardous materials and

substances

Reporting incidents, illnesses or injuries

to your supervisor immediately

Reporting potentially hazardous

situations promptly to your supervisor

Using fire fighting equipment and

carrying out first-aid procedures in the

event of an emergency

1.4 SAFE AND HEALTHY WORKING ENVIRONMENT

A safe and secure working environment

is one which eliminates or minimizes:

1.The chances of fire occurring

2.Accidents such as falls, cuts, burns,

electrical shocks

3.Theft

4.Fraud

SAFE AND HEALTHY WORKING ENVIRONMENT

Falls: to reduce the chance of

someone falling, the following may

be used:

1.Non skid mats on surfaces which

may be slippery

2.Appropriate safety signs such as

“wet floor”, “watch your step”

SAFE AND HEALTHY WORKING ENVIRONMENT

Theft: use burglar alarm, door

chains, security camera,

Fire: use fire extinguisher, fire

alarm, smoke detector, wet blanket,

sprinkler, sand

WASTE DISPOSAL

Rubbish and scraps should be

placed in containers until disposal

can be made. Instead of burning

treated wood, bury or place them in

an ordinary trash collection bin or

dumpster which should be placed on

the site.

HYGIENIC PRACTICES AND REQUIREMENTS

Hair care, mouth care, regular

bath, changing clothing regular,

use appropriate deodorants, wash

hands after working, etc.

STORAGE OF MATERIALS AND SUPPLIES

Place building materials and

supplies in neat piles.

Locate materials and supplies to

allow adequate aisle and walkways.

Keep flammable chemicals/liquids

properly covered.

1.5 ACCIDENT REPORT

1.6 CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MACHINES

keep tools securely held and ensure that when

working with tools the operator has a good firm

foothold, is well balanced

ensure the floor is clean

Always use the right tool for the job. Only use tools

for the purpose for which they were designed.

Always use the right size tool

Use protective eye gear at all times when necessary.

CARE AND MAINTENANCE OF TOOLS, EQUIPMENT AND MACHINES

When using a cutting tool, such as a saw, take particular

care to ensure that the work piece is held in a vice or clamp

Keep your free hand well away from the cutting edge of the

tool

Always keep cutting tools guarded when not in use, or when

being transported.

Always be careful with any striking tool, use the appropriate

tool for the job.

Protect your body from the tool and, where relevant, from

any flying remains or chips produced by using the tool

GRADED ACTIVITY #1

Write the local number(s) and emergency numbers (where applicable) for the following authorities:

Police

Fire Department

Ambulance

Sea & Air rescue

Child Development Agency

Local Hospital

ACTIVITY

1. Develop a scenario (Role play) in

which an accident occurred in the

working environment and present

measures to correct the problem and

prevent future accidents. Your

facilitator and your peers will assess

your play.

CHECKPOINT

What do you consider to be the main factors

which contribute to the safe use of tools?

List eight (8) safety requirements for using hand

tools.

Outline some of the hazards to which you are

exposed while using hand tools and

Recommend appropriate personal protective

equipment (PPE) that will guard against those

hazards.

THE END