Safe and Economic Re-Use of Ontologies: A Logic-Based ...ts/talks/0804_owled.pdf · Our approach in...

Why re-use? Our methodology Tool support and experiments Perspectives

Safe and Economic Re-Use of Ontologies:A Logic-Based Methodology and Tool Support

Ernesto Jimenez-Ruiz1 Bernardo Cuenca Grau2

Ulrike Sattler3 Thomas Schneider3 Rafael Berlanga1

1Computer Languages and Systems, Universitat Jaume I, Spain

2Computing Laboratory, University of Oxford, UK

3Computer Science, University of Manchester, UK

OWLED, 1–2 April 2008

Our approach in a nutshell

Logic-based methodology for the re-use of ontologies

Safe use of imported symbols

1 Don’t change their meaning! X

Economic import of the external ontologies

2 Import only the relevant parts . . .

3 . . . without loss of information! X

Tool support — Protege plugin

Work in progress!

And now . . .

1 Why ontology re-use?

2 A safe and economic methodology

3 Tool support and experiments

4 Perspectives

A re-use scenario: the Health-e-Child project

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

DiseaseRheumatologic

Disorder

Atrophic Arthritis Polyarthritis Rheumatoid Arthritis

Juvenile Chronic Polyarthritis Juvenile Rheumatoid Arthritis

A re-use scenario: the Health-e-Child project

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

A case for safe and economic re-useNCI

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

Reasons for re-use

Saves time for re-writing

Provides access to well-established knowledge

Doesn’t require expertise in drugs, proteins, anatomy etc.

Guarantees to provide

[safe] Importing terms doesn’t change their meaning.

[eco] Import all relevant parts of external ontologies.

[aux] The order of imports doesn’t matter.

And now . . .NCI

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

4 Perspectives

A working cycle: the offline phaseNCI

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

OFFLINE

ONLINE

Load local ontology LRepeat at user’s discretion

Choose set Si of external symbolsplus associated ontology Ei

Make sure the Si are pairwise disjoint

For each Si do

Select refinement view

or generalisation view

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

OFFLINE

ONLINE

For each Si do

S1 ={JRA} E1 =NCI

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

OFFLINE

ONLINE

For each Si do

S1 ={JRA} E1 =NCI

S2 ={KneeJoint, Fever}E2 =Galen

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

OFFLINE

ONLINE

For each Si do

S1 ={JRA} E1 =NCI

Refine S1

Refine + reference S2

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

OFFLINE

ONLINE

For each Si do

S1 ={JRA} E1 =NCI

Refine S1

Refine + reference S2

Safety

Formalising the Safety GuaranteeNCI

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

Safety

Importing terms doesn’t change their meaning.

Example

JRAO ∪ NCI |= JRA v GeneticDisorderiff NCI |= JRA v GeneticDisorder.

Definition (Safety)

L guarantees safety if for every i = 1, . . . , n:

For every E ′i with Sig(L) ∩ Sig(E ′

i ) ⊆ Si ,L ∪ E ′

i is a conservative extension of E ′i .

Formalising the Safety GuaranteeNCI

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

Safety

Importing terms doesn’t change their meaning.

Example

JRAO ∪ NCI |= JRA v GeneticDisorderiff NCI |= JRA v GeneticDisorder.

Definition (Safety)

L guarantees safety if for every i = 1, . . . , n:

For every E ′i with Sig(L) ∩ Sig(E ′

i ) ⊆ Si ,L ∪ E ′

i is a conservative extension of E ′i .

Providing safetyNCI

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

Theorem [Cuenca Grau, Horrocks, Kazakov, Sattler 2007]

If L is local w.r.t. each Si , then L guarantees safety.

Locality . . .

is a syntactic approximation of conservativity.

can be decided efficiently; conservativity often can’t.

comes in two “flavours” for refinement/generalisation.

is sufficient, but not necessary, for safety.

If non-local axioms are found, the user may want to repair L.

Example: C7 v JRA 3 GeneticDisorder v C7 3

JRA v GeneticDisorder 8

The online phaseNCI

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

OFFLINE

ONLINE

Repeat at user’s discretion

Select an Si

Load external ontology Ei for Si

Customise scope of module

Extract module EMi from Ei

Import EMi into L

The online phaseNCI

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

OFFLINE

ONLINE

Select an Si

Import EMi into L

KneeJoint

}1 level}3 levels

The online phaseNCI

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

OFFLINE

ONLINE

Select an Si

Import EMi into L

KneeJoint

}1 level}3 levels

Module Coverage

Formalising the Module Coverage GuaranteeNCI

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

Module coverage

Import all relevant parts of external ontologies.

Example

JRAO ∪ NCI |= JRA v GeneticDisorderiff JRAO ∪ NCI-module |= JRA v GeneticDisorder.

Definition (Module coverage)

Let EMi ⊆ Ei with Si ⊆ Sig(EM

i ). EMi guarantees coverage of Si if:

For every L′ with Sig(L′) ∩ Sig(Ei ) ⊆ Si ,L′ ∪ Ei is a conservative extension of L′ ∪ EM

Formalising the Module Coverage GuaranteeNCI

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

Module coverage

Import all relevant parts of external ontologies.

Example

JRAO ∪ NCI |= JRA v GeneticDisorderiff JRAO ∪ NCI-module |= JRA v GeneticDisorder.

Definition (Module coverage)

Let EMi ⊆ Ei with Si ⊆ Sig(EM

i ). EMi guarantees coverage of Si if:

For every L′ with Sig(L′) ∩ Sig(Ei ) ⊆ Si ,L′ ∪ Ei is a conservative extension of L′ ∪ EM

Providing coverageNCI

JRAO Galen

Arthropathy

ArthritisAutoimmune

Disorder

Arthritis diseases

. . .C7

Joints

affects

isTreatedBy

Coverage is again provided using locality.

Locality-based modules =syntactic approximations of conservativity-based modules

in general not minimalefficiently computable

And now . . .

4 Perspectives

Safe Protege Manager : a plugin

“Synthetic” experiments

Setting

Randomly generated signatures of size 1 . . . 330

Computed Lower of Upper Module (LUM)for each such signature

Results

99 % of Galen LUMs contain < 5 % of Galen’s axioms

similar findings for NCI

Statistics

“Real-life” experiments

Setting

LUMs for manually selected signatures from Galen and NCI(Health-e-Child context: JRA + Cardiomyopathies)

Results

Ext. Ont. # Sig. # axioms

Galen 11 105 (2.5%)

Galen 72 620 (14.9%)

Galen 76 736 (17.6%)

NCI 18 488 (0.1%)

NCI 124 4751 (1.2%)

NCI 144 5057 (1.3%)

Comparing experiments

Setting

SNOMED (health care; restricted language; 350,000 axioms)

Initial signatures: terms from intensive care unit

Compared UM, LUM to MEX (conservativity-based modules)

and SRS (Seidenberg/Rector segments)

Results

# axioms in %# Sig. MEX SRS (L)UM

4,000 2 2 4

16,000 7 7 10

24,000 10 10 15 ;

time 4–5 s 1 s 4–7 s

MEX SRS

LUM UM

C ≡D

And now . . .

4 Perspectives

Perspectives

Extend module scope customisation: “shopping for symbols”

Browse external ontology and pick symbolsAt each stage, view resulting module“Check out” module

Optimise module extraction

Import “by reference” as opposed to “by value”

Multi-user scenario

Perform user study and improve interface

We want you. . .

. . . to test our plugin and give us feedback

. . . r favourite ontologies and real-life signatures!

Perspectives

Extend module scope customisation: “shopping for symbols”

Browse external ontology and pick symbolsAt each stage, view resulting module“Check out” module

Optimise module extraction

Import “by reference” as opposed to “by value”

Multi-user scenario

Perform user study and improve interface

We want you. . .

. . . to test our plugin and give us feedback

. . . r favourite ontologies and real-life signatures!

More about the plugin

Fancy a demo?

I’m happy to give one during the next break.

Want to try the plugin yourself?

protege.stanford.edu

krono.act.uji.es/people/Ernesto/safety-ontology-reuse

These slides will be online soon . . .

. . . at owl.cs.manchester.ac.uk

Thank you!

Fancy a demo?

Thank you!

Fancy a demo?

Thank you!

Safe and Economic Re-Use of Ontologies: A Logic-Based ...ts/talks/0804_owled.pdf · Our approach in...

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