Post on 08-Apr-2018
8/6/2019 S4 Meeting Sanitation Goals in Large Urban Settings In Developing Nations: Proven and Innovative Technologies and Emerging Trends by JSandino
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Meeting Sanitation Goals in LargeUrban Settings In Developing
Nations - Innovative Technologies
and Emerging Trends
Julian Sandino, PhD, IWA Fellow
8/6/2019 S4 Meeting Sanitation Goals in Large Urban Settings In Developing Nations: Proven and Innovative Technologies and Emerging Trends by JSandino
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The World’s Water Infrastructure Gap
• 2.4 billion without access
to adequate sanitation.
•
By 2030: 60% of worldpopulation will be
urban….and mainly poor
•
Large “appropriate”WWT schemes will still
play a role
Source: WHO 2000
8/6/2019 S4 Meeting Sanitation Goals in Large Urban Settings In Developing Nations: Proven and Innovative Technologies and Emerging Trends by JSandino
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Defining Appropriate WW Treatment
Technologies for Larger Urban Applications
• Desirable attributes:
– Low implementation and O&M costs
– Operational simplicity
– Upgrade flexibility – Prioritize public health protection
• Lagoon systems not always suitable given
scale• Conventional “mechanical intensive” (e.g.
activated sludge) solutions not applicable
8/6/2019 S4 Meeting Sanitation Goals in Large Urban Settings In Developing Nations: Proven and Innovative Technologies and Emerging Trends by JSandino
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Chemically Enhanced Primary
Treatment (CEPT)
• “Traditional” physical-chemical treatment: Paris,
1740; England, 1890: > 200 plants
• Renewed interest: Hong Kong, San Diego,
Río de Janeiro, México, Buenos Aires, Bogotá• Chemicals: Coagulants (Fe, Al salts ) + Flocculation
aid (organic polymers)
•
Iron salts preferred: H2S control; compatibility withsludge processing and disposal.
• Increases TSS removal from 40-60% to 70%-85%
8/6/2019 S4 Meeting Sanitation Goals in Large Urban Settings In Developing Nations: Proven and Innovative Technologies and Emerging Trends by JSandino
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CEPT Process Schematic
RawWastewater
PRELIMINARY
TREATMENT
Screenings and Gritto Disposal
PRIMARY
CLARIFICATION
SLUDGE
STABILIZATION
SLUDGE
DEWATERING
Sludge to FinalDisposal / Reuse
Polymer
SECONDARY
TREATMENT/
DISINFECTION
TreatedEffluent
Chemical(Fe Salts, Alum)
8/6/2019 S4 Meeting Sanitation Goals in Large Urban Settings In Developing Nations: Proven and Innovative Technologies and Emerging Trends by JSandino
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When to Consider CEPT
• Primary < Treatment Level <Secondary
• Prior to disinfection (publichealth priority, reuse, oceandischarge)
• Limited space availability
• Phosphorus removal
•
Limited funds• First implementation stage
of treatment program
Stonecutters Island WWTPHong Kong
Point Loma WWTP San Diego
Pavuna and Sarapui WWTPsRio de Janeiro
8/6/2019 S4 Meeting Sanitation Goals in Large Urban Settings In Developing Nations: Proven and Innovative Technologies and Emerging Trends by JSandino
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CEPT Unit Cost Analysis (US$)
Unit CostActivatedSludge +
Disinfection
CEPT +Disinfection
M $ /(m3/s) 30 - 40 15 - 20
$/PE 80 - 100 40 - 50
$/Kg BOD5rem 1.300 - 1.500 1.700 - 1.900
$/m3 0.08 - 0.12 0.04 - 0.06
$/PE/year 6 - 10 3 - 5
8/6/2019 S4 Meeting Sanitation Goals in Large Urban Settings In Developing Nations: Proven and Innovative Technologies and Emerging Trends by JSandino
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Upflow
AnaerobicSludge
Blanket
Reactors
• Developed in the 1970’s for high strength industrial wastes
• 1980’s – 1990’s first medium to large scale municipal applications• Most applications in tropical countries: Brazil, India, Colombia
• Simple design: HRT; upflow velocity; depth; BOD5 removal; sludge
yield; Biogas yield
8/6/2019 S4 Meeting Sanitation Goals in Large Urban Settings In Developing Nations: Proven and Innovative Technologies and Emerging Trends by JSandino
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Municipal UASB Applications
Advantages
• Prim.<UASB<Secondary
• Compact system
• Low energy• Low sludge production
• Low construction and O&M
costs
• Simple to operate
• Biogas as energy
Disadvantages• Requires polishing for
secondary treatment andnutrient removal
• Little control• Slow start-up
• High odor potential
• T>18°C best
• Difficult to separate biogasfrom effluent
• Some bad experiences…butalso some good ones!
8/6/2019 S4 Meeting Sanitation Goals in Large Urban Settings In Developing Nations: Proven and Innovative Technologies and Emerging Trends by JSandino
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Urban UASB Applications:
38.000 – 606.000 PERío Frío WWTP (740 l/s)Bucaramanga, Colombia
Atuba Sul WWTP (1,1 m3/s)
Curitiba, Brazil
Mirzapur WWTP (160 l/s) India Piraciramirim WWTP (350 l/s)Piracicaba, Brazil
8/6/2019 S4 Meeting Sanitation Goals in Large Urban Settings In Developing Nations: Proven and Innovative Technologies and Emerging Trends by JSandino
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UASB Only Unit Costs
TreatmentTechnology
PopulationServedUS$/PE
Avg. FlowTreated
US$x106/m3/s
BOD5 RemovedUS$/kg/d
UASB 30 - 40 12 - 15 900 – 1.100Polishing options (additional)
Unaerated
Polishing Lagoons 9 - 14 6 - 7 850 - 1750Dissolved AirFlotation
10 - 12 6 - 7 1300 - 1400
Trickling Filters 21 - 30 12 - 16 2300 - 2900
Biological Aerated
Filters
33 - 40 19 - 23 2800 - 3200
8/6/2019 S4 Meeting Sanitation Goals in Large Urban Settings In Developing Nations: Proven and Innovative Technologies and Emerging Trends by JSandino
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Sanitation solutions must include
viable plans for residuals management
• Management of residual sludge often
neglected = Increased risk + lost opportunities
• Regulatory frameworks are essential
• Beneficial reuse must be
encouraged/promoted
• Resource recovery (e.g. phosphorus) will be
inevitable
8/6/2019 S4 Meeting Sanitation Goals in Large Urban Settings In Developing Nations: Proven and Innovative Technologies and Emerging Trends by JSandino
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Page
CEPT & UASB: Appropriate Technologies to
Meet MDGs in Urban Settings
• Relative simple technologies
• Significantly smaller area requirements than
lagoons
• Several recent successful applications
• Lower construction and O&M costs than
conventional mechanical options
Simple, compact, upgradable, proven, low-cost = applicable and affordable