Rubygems And You

Josh Nichols technicalpickles.com

RubyGems and You

• How ‘require’ works

• Where rubygems fits in

• Creating your own rubygem from scratch

• Creating your own rubygem using jeweler

Overview

•How ‘require’ works

Overview

executes the contents of a file

require

# foo.rbputs "zomg, so awesome"

# bar.rbrequire 'foo.rb'

$ ruby bar.rbzomg, so awesome

absolute path

require ‘/usr/lib/awesome.rb’

relative path

require ‘subdir/foo.rb’

can omit the .rb

require ‘subdir/foo’

list of directories to look for required files

$LOAD_PATH

$LOAD_PATH includes your ruby install....this actually lives under a path like:

/usr/local/lib/ruby/1.8/

require ‘net/http’

only will execute a particular path once

require

# foo.rbputs "zomg, so awesome"

# bar.rbrequire 'foo'require 'foo'require './foo'

$ ruby bar.rbzomg, so awesomezomg, so awesome

• Different environments (mac vs. win. vs. linux)

• People install stuff to random places

• Different versions of libraries

• What do we do?

Dealing with diversity...

MASS HYSTERIA!

•Where rubygems fits in

Overview

• Handles downloading and installing library

• Manages $LOAD_PATH

• Allows a developer to package & distribute their library

Enter RubyGems

• gem install burninator

Installing

Using gems

require 'rubygems'require 'burninator'

Using gems in under Rails

# config/environment.rb, or anywhere reallyrequire 'burninator'

# config/environment.rbconfig.gem 'burninator'

# create vendor/gems...# then 'gem unpack' gems there# config/environment.rbRails::Initializer.run do |config| config.load_paths += Dir["#{RAILS_ROOT}/vendor/gems/**"].map do |dir| File.directory?(lib = "#{dir}/lib") ? lib : dir endend

Where do gems live?

• RubyGems already knows about it by default

• Has been the defacto standard for hosting

• But you need to apply for projects...

• And you need extra tools to publish gems...

• The new hotness

• Just create a repository and turn on RubyGem support

• Create a Gem::Specification, and push it

•Creating your own rubygem from scratch

Overview

• Rake for automation

• Testing framework of choice (we’ll assume test/unit)

• RubyGems

Tools of the trade

Directory Layout

Rakefile basics

require 'rubygems'require 'rake'

• Metadata about your gem

• name, files, binaries, homepage, etc, etc

Gem::Specification

Rakefile gemspecspec = Gem::Specification.new do |s| s.name = 'cylon-detector' s.version = '0.8.1' s.authors = ['Josh Nichols'] s.date = '2009-02-03' s.email = 'josh@technicalpickles.com' s.files = FileList['{bin,lib}/**'] s.executables = 'cylon_detector' s.has_rdoc = true s.summary = 'Detect cylons with ease'end

Rakefile gemspec

task :gemspec do File.open('cylon-detector.gemspec', 'w') do |file| file.write spec.to_ruby endend

Rakefile package

require 'rake/gempackagetask'Rake::GemPackageTask.new(spec) do |pkg| pkg.need_zip = false pkg.need_tar = falseend

Rakefile rdoc

require 'rake/rdoctask'Rake::RDocTask.new do |rdoc| rdoc.rdoc_dir = 'rdoc' rdoc.title = 'cylon-detector' rdoc.options << '--line-numbers' << '--inline-source' rdoc.rdoc_files.include('README.rdoc') rdoc.rdoc_files.include('lib/**/*.rb')end

Rakefile test

require 'rake/testtask'Rake::TestTask.new(:test) do |t| t.test_files = 'test/**/test_*.rb' t.verbose = falseend

Rakefile rcov

begin require 'rcov/rcovtask' Rcov::RcovTask.new do |t| t.test_files = 'test/**/test_*.rb' t.verbose = true endrescue LoadError task :rcov do abort "RCov is not available. In order to run rcov, you must: sudo gem install spicycode-rcov" endend

Rakefile default

task :default => :test

bin/cylon_detector

#!/usr/bin/env ruby

$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', 'lib'))require 'cylon_detector'

# detection code here

• The entry point into your library

• Require all dependencies (internal and external)

• Design decisions

• generally want to namespace your project

• class or module?

• Do not require rubygems (unless you are interacting directly with it)

lib/cylon_detector.rb

• Central location to setup testing environment

test/test_helper.rb

require 'rubygems'require 'test/unit'

$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.join(File.dirname(__FILE__), '..', 'lib'))$LOAD_PATH.unshift(File.dirname(__FILE__))

require 'cylon_detector'

class Test::Unit::TestCaseend

test/test_cylon_detector.rb

require File.dirname(__FILE__) + '/test_helper'

class CylonDetectorTest < Test::Unit::TestCase # tests go hereend

• Hack and commit your code

• ‘rake gemspec’ and commit your gemspec

• push to GitHub

• wait for the gem to build

• rejoice and have some Scotch

Workflow

•Creating your own rubygem using jeweler

Overview

• Handles the grunt work

• Generator

• Skeleton project setup for your test framework of choice

• Starts a git repo setup for GitHub

• Creates the repo on GitHub and enables RubyGem for it

• Rake tasks

• Automate version bumping

• Releasing to GitHub, including tagging the release

Jeweler

• Choose between testing frameworks

• Test::Unit

• Shoulda

• RSpec

• Bacon

• Also includes cucumber stories enabled for

Generator

• Tracks current version in VERSION.yml

• Rake tasks for bumping the version

• version:bump:patch, version:bump:minor, version:bump:major

Versioning

patch versionAPI backward-compatible

bug fixesminor enhancements

minor versionmostly API backwards compatiblemore significant enhancements

major versionbreak API as much you wantusually signifies an overhaul

• Updates the gemspec based on the version

• Pushes to GitHub

• Tags the release with the version number

Releasing

Rubygems And You

Technology

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