INDOOR REAL TIME LOCATING SYSTEM

RTLS

LOCATING / POSITIONING SYSTEMS

• A positioning system is a mechanism for determining the location of an object in space

• Interplanetary systems

• Global systems-

Global Positioning System –

Indian Regional Navigation Satellite System

• Regional systems

• Site-wide systems

• Workspace systems

and tracking the location of objects or people in real time, is what RTLS mean

It is usually within a building or other contained area.

and in most RTLS, fixed reference points(with receiving sensors) receive signals from transmitter to determine their location.

Wireless RTLS tags are attached to objects or worn by people,

Examples of real-time locating systems include tracking automobiles through an assembly line,

locating pallets of merchandise in a warehouse,

or finding medical equipment in a hospital.

COMING TO OUR PROJECT

• It’s a real time positioning of a object or a person where the transmitter is placed • The multiple sensors are fixed in certain points at a known distance from each sensor and • the transmitter is free in space, movable..

INDOOR REAL TIME POSITIONING SYSTEM

Contents

• The main goal of the project is first finding the distance of the moving transmitter

• With respect to two fixed points,

• So, as we know speed=distance/time;

• Distance = speed * time;

• And ultrasound technology has more advantage than any other for finding the distance indoor with more precision the ultrasound transmitter and receiver is used

HARDWAREBLOCK DIAGRAM

MicrocontrollerPower Supply display

RECEIVER

receiver

TRANSMITTER

CIRCUIT DIAGRAM

AT89S52 MICROCONTROLLER

• Features

• 4.0V to 5.5V Operating Range

• Fully Static Operation: 0 Hz to 33 MHz

• Three-level Program Memory Lock

• 256 x 8-bit Internal RAM

• 32 Programmable I/O Lines

• Three 16-bit Timer/Counters

• • Eight Interrupt Source

• s Watchdog Timer

POWER SUPPLY

• The circuit needs, +5V to work. These voltages are supplied by this specially designed power supply

• This is a simple approach to obtain 5V DC power supply using a single circuit. The circuit uses IC 7805 for obtaining the required voltages. The AC mains voltage will be stepped down by the transformer T1, rectified by bridge B1 and filtered by capacitor C1 to obtain a steady DC level .The IC regulates this voltage to obtain a steady 5V DC.

• 1. Step-down Transformer:

• 2. Rectifier stage:

• 3. Filter stage:

• 4. Voltage Regulation:

ULTRASOUND SENSOR

• Fundamental Ultrasonic PropertiesUltrasonic sound is a vibration at a frequency above the range of human hearing, usually >20 kHz. The microphones and loudspeakers used to receive and transmit the ultrasonic sound are called transducers. Most ultrasonic sensors use a single transducer to both transmit the sound pulse and receive the reflected echo, typically operating at frequencies between 40 kHz and 250 kHz. A variety of different types of transducers are used in these systems

• Ultrasonic sensors work on a principle similar to sonar which evaluates distance of a target by interpreting the echoes from ultrasonic sound waves.

• This ultrasonic module measures the distance accurately which provides 0cm - 400cm with a gross error of 3cm. Its compact size, higher range and easy usability make it a handy sensor for distance measurement and mapping. The module can easily be interfaced to micro controllers where the triggering and measurement can be done using two pin. The sensor transmits an ultrasonic wave and produces an output pulse that corresponds to the time required for the burst to reach the receiving sensor. By measuring the pulse width, the distance to target can easily be calculated.

LCD

• Liquid Crystal Display also called as LCD is very helpful in providing user interface as well as for debugging purpose

• The most commonly used ALPHANUMERIC displays are 1x16 (Single Line & 16 characters), 2x16 (Double Line & 16 character per line), 4x20(four lines & Twenty characters per line).

WORKING

ALGORITHMSend a 10 micro second high pulse at trigger

Initially P3.5=0;

P3.5=1;

Delay(10 micro second);

P3.5=0;

"WAIT" until the sensor transmits the eight 40KHz pulses and signal reflection. initially the "ECHO" pin is low when the transmitter completes the pulse the pin goes high then our TIMER0 starts counting. when input

at INT0 goes low timer holds count. logic for waiting: while(INT0==0); while(INT0==1);

TIMER0 value = time taken by the signal to (go forward). so time taken by the signal to travel the distance = TIMER0 value

ULTRASONIC pulse travels with the speed of sound 340.29 m/s = 34029 cm/s range of target= velocity *time ==>34029 * TIMER0

RANGE of target = TIMER0 centimeters

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APPLICATIONS

• There are so many applications where these real time locating systems are used some of them are

WAREHOUSE

• to combine identity of multiple items placed in a single location, such as on a pallet

• locating assets within a facility, such as finding a misplaced tool cart in a warehouse

• locating pallets of merchandise in a warehouse

AUTOMOBILES

• tracking automobiles through an assembly

MEDICAL

• finding medical equipment in a hospital

IN COMPUTERS

• As digital note taker

• As digital pen(smart pen)

• 2d plotter

• 3d drawing (by adding another receiver)

• As mouse

• Making desktop touch screen

AS NAVIGATION

• Shopping mall maps.

• School campus

• Guided tours of museums

• Airport, bus, train and subway stations maps

• Car location in big or multi-storey indoor parking's.

SECURITY

CIVIL AND MECHANICAL WORKS

ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES

FUTURE

CONCLUSION