Post on 28-Jun-2018
K. PREMKUMARNational Data Buoy Programme
National Institute of Ocean Technology(Department of Ocean Development, Govt. of India)
Pallikaranai, Chennai-601 302
Role of Moored Data Buoysin Scientific Campaigns
including ARMEXand its future extension
National Institute of Ocean Technology
To develop, promote and demonstrate technologiesfor specific applications in Ocean related areas
MANDATE
Mission Areas of NIOT
Ocean Energy (Wave Energy, OTEC)
Deep Sea Technology and Ocean Mining
Coastal and Environmental Engineering
Marine Instrumentation
Ocean Science and Technology for Islands
Low Temperature Thermal Desalination Plant
Indo-Russian Center for Gas Hydrates
ARGO
ROSUB
Operational Programmes
National Data Buoy Programme
Vessel Management Cell
National Data Buoy ProgrammeEstablished in 1997
@National Institute of Ocean Technology
ByDepartment of Ocean Development
Government of India
Objectives of the Programme
To collect real-time met-ocean parameters in Indian seas
To monitor the marine environment
To generate and supply data and its products to various end users
To improve the weather and ocean state prediction
To validate satellite data
Indigenisation of Buoy Technology
SEAWATCH BUOY WAVESCAN BUOY
Sensors
•Air Pressure•Air Temperature•Wind Speed •Wind Direction•Wave Height•Wave Direction•Surface Currents•Water Temp. •Conductivity
• Weight : 924 kg• Diameter : 2.8 m• Height : 6.75 m
• Weight : 450 kg• Diameter : 1.76 m • Height : 7.5 m
Acquired Buoy Technology in 1997
Damages Due to Vandalism
Bio-Fouling
Extreme conditions during deployments/retrievals
Characteristics:
Diameter : 2.2 mOverall height with : 5.85 mWeight : 950 kg.Reserve Buoyancy : 2000 kg. Colour : Yellow
Air Pressure Air Temperature HumidityWind Speed and Direction Sea Surface TemperatureSalinity/ConductivityCurrent Speed and DirectionWave Parameters include
Significant wave height.Average wave period.Average wave direction, whole spectrum.Significant wave height, band ‘a’ (Swell wave height).Average wave period, band ‘a’ (Swell wave period).Average direction, band ‘a’ (Swell wave direction).Significant wave height, band ‘b’ (Sea wave height).Average wave period, band ‘b’ (Sea wave period).Average wave direction, band ‘b’(Sea wave direction).Maximum wave heightPeriod of the highest WaveZero crossing wave period
Met-Ocean Parameters Measured
Indian Data Buoy(NIOT/DOD Product)
Buoy Network Achieved( 1997 to end 2005)
12 Buoy Network (1997 to 2002) 20 Buoy Network (2003 to 2005)
Present Network (25 mooring stations)
56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
56 58 60 62 64 66 68 70 72 74 76 78 80 82 84 86 88 90 92 94
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OB6
OB4
OB3
MB12
MB9
MB2
MB1
SRILANKAIndira PointMaldives
OB8
Lakshadweep
OB10
OB12
OB2
MB11
MB10
MB7MB6
MB5
MB4
MB3
PB8
PB7
PB6
PB5
PB4
PB3
EB8
EB7
EB2
PB1
Machilipatnam
Culcutta
Cochin
Gulf of Kutch
EB-Environmental BuoysPB-Port BuoysOB-Ocean BuoysMB-Met Buoys
OB5
OB7
Andaman &Nicobar
Vizhakapatnam
OB9
Tuticorin
Gulf of Cambay
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
Mangalore
Chennai
EB4
EB5
EB6
EB3
PB2
EB1
OB11OB1
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
NIOT
Future Buoy Network (40 nos. by end 2007)
Sensor FitAir TemperatureHumidityAir Pressure Wind (speed & direction)Wave parametersCurrent (speed & directionSST & Salinity/Conductivity
Simple Met Buoys
Sensor FitChlorophyllDissolved OxygenConductivity/SalinitypHTurbidity
SST
Environmental Buoys
Sensor Fit
Wind speed & directionAir pressureAir temperature SSTWaveCurrent speed & direction
Ocean BuoysProduction Target : 15Achieved : 10Deployed : 10
Production Target : 10Production Achieved : 02Deployed : Nil
Port/Shallow Water Buoys
Sensor Fit
Air pressureHumidityAir TemperatureWind speed & DirectionSSTConductivity/Salinity
Production Target : 15Achieved : 10Deployed : 10
Production Target : 10Achieved : 05Deployed : 05
The data sampling sequence of sensors
Sensor Specification
Sensor Make Range Accuracy Resolution Samplingduration/frequency
Air pressure Vaisala 700–1100 hPa ± 0.1 hPa 0.01 hPa 1 min, 1/sec
Air temperature Omega Eng. 10 – 50oC ± 0.1oC 0.01oC 10 min, 1/sec
Wind* (spd, dir) Lambrecht 0 – 60 ms−1,0 – 360o
±1.5%FS ± 3.6o 0.07 ms−1,0.1o
10 min, 1/sec
Water temperature** NE Sensortec -5 – 45oC ± 0.1oC 0.01oC 10 min, 1/sec
Conductivity** NE Sensortec 2 – 77m mho cm−1
± 0.06 m mhocm−1
0.01 m mho cm−1
10 min, 1/sec
Surface current**
(spd, dir)NE Sensortec 0 – 6 ms−1,
0 – 360o± 3% FS, ± 2o 0.005 ms−1,
0.36o10 min, 1/sec
Wave (full spectrum) Seatex± 20m,0 – 360o ± 10 cm, ± 5o 1 cm, < 0.1o 17 min, 1/sec
Relative Humidity Rotronix 0-100% ±1% 1% 10 min, 1/sec
Near Real Time End Users Of Buoy Data
New Delhi
Chennai
Head Quarters (New Delhi)
East (Chennai)
West (Mumbai)Andaman (Port Blair)
HQ WNC, Mumbai.
Kochi.Visakhapatnam
Port Blair
Data is given in GTS format to IMD to disseminate to WMO for their activates
such as understanding global climate and forecast.
6World Meterological Organisation (WMO) Geneva -
5Indian National Centre for Ocean
Information Services (INCOIS) Hyderabad
Use
To support Potential Fishing Zone notification and validation of ocean state
forecasting model
24 X 7 X 365(Daily 8 times)
24 X 7 X 365(Daily 8 times)
24X7X365(Daily 8 times)
24X7X365(Daily 8 times)
24X7X365(Daily 8 times)
3 Indian Coast GuardTo ensure safety of life at sea as well for
their ship operational requirements.
4Indian Navy (Command Met
Office)For their strategic planning and
management of operations
1India Meterological Department
(IMD)For their day-to-day operational weather
forecasting and cyclone warning
2
National Center for Medium Range Weather Forecasting
(NCMWRF) New Delhi
This organisation receives buoy data from IMD for validation of their
forecasting model
Sl. No End User Place Data Supply
Delayed Mode End Users Of Buoy Data
7 National Hydrographic Office (NHO) Dehradun Monthly For issuing sailing notificationEnnore
TuticorinMangalore
Goa
Vikram Sarabhai Space Centre (VSSC),
ThiruvananthapuramIISc, Bangalore
Department of Science and Technology, New Delhi
12Naval Physical Oceanographic Laboratory (NPOL) Kochi On Request For their research activities
13Oil and Natural Gas Corporation Limited Mumbai
Specific project requirements
Environmental monitoring for Oil exploration activities in East and West Coast of India
AndhraKerala Agricultural University,
KochiMangalore
15Central Marine Fisheries Research Institute (CMFRI) Kochi On Request For various research activities
For their research activities
Climate research
8 Ports MonthlyFor vessel traffic management and port development activities.
9Indian Space Research Organisation (ISRO)
Space Application Centre (SAC), Ahmedabad
On RequestFor satellite Data Validation and allied research uses
National Institute of Oceanography (NIO) Goa On Request
10Indian Climate Research Programme (ICRP) On Request
Use
14 Universities On Request For research and academic purposes
Sl. No End User Place Data Supply
11
Buoy Data Available Online
Online View Of Buoy Data
Support for Climate Research Programmes
BOBMEX (July to August 1999)
Scientific objectives of BOBMEX was to document and understand different phases of convection, the variationsof the following in Bay of Bengal
1. The vertical stability of the atmosphereand the structure of the atmosphericboundary layer
2. Fluxes at the surfaces of the ocean
3. The thermohaline structure and the upper ocean currents.
DS4A
BOBMEX (July to August 1999)Simultaneous time series observations were carried out in the northern and southern Bay of Bengal from ships and moored buoys (DS3, DS4 and DS4A). ORV Sagar Kanyawas at TS2 location near to DS4 & DS4a buoy and INS Sagar Dhwani at TS1 location near to DS3 buoy.
The inter comparison of met-ocean data between buoys and two ship Sagar Kanya and Sagar Dhwani showed consistency and good agreement
Result :
Sagar Dhwani Sagar Kanya
Super Cyclone in Bay of Bengal (October 1999)
Super Cyclone Wave Observations
Contributions for ARMEX
• NIOT has provided meterological and oceanographic data from the twodeep-water buoys DS1 & DS2 andfour shallow water buoys SW1, SW2, and SW3 & SW4.
Location of Data Buoys
ARMEX Phase I (2002)
Buoy-Id Lat (oN) Long (oE)
DS1 15.52 69.26
DS2 10.67 72.51
SW1 20.88 71.49
SW2 18.59 71.04
SW3 15.41 73.76
SW4 12.93 74.72
ARMEX Phase II (March to June 2003)
Buoy-Id Lat (oN) Long (oE)
DS2 10.625 72.510
DS6 8.300 72.760
DS6A 8.350 72.720
DS7 8.315 72.664
DS7A 8.310 72.650
• Four Buoys are deployed in the Arabian Sea especially for warm pool observations
• The data buoys were equipped with sensors to measure surface met & ocean parameters
Location of Data Buoys
Intricacies faced by NIOT in up keeping the ARMEX Buoy Network• NIOT Team replaced the data buoy system in two occasions in the month of
April/May 2003 even during very bad weather period to ensure data continuity.
• On one occasion NIOT had difficult time to make alternate arrangements to transport the complete buoy system when there was a nationwide lorry strike. Materials were ultimately transported through Tempo travelers / Mahindra Van. Three such vehicles were used to transport materials to Cochin on 18th April 2003.
Data Return During ARMEX Phase II
Characteristics of Warm Pool Observed
from Moored Buoys
CycleMin.
SST (oC)Max.
SST (oC)Increase in SST (oC)
I 29.09 30.31 1.22
II 29.57 30.82 1.25
III 29.86 31.26 1.4
IV 30.63 31.71 1.08
V 30.37 31.45 -1.08
1. A pronounced pre-monsoon warming of SST over a period of two months was observed in the warm pool, with a maximum value of 31.71oC on 18th April 2003. SST observations show that warm pool attains the mature stage much before the monsoon onset.
2. The SST observations exhibit high amplitude diurnal oscillations (0.5oC) during the warming phase.
3. Biweekly oscillation in SST is observed in the warm pool region during the pre-monsoon warming phase. The similar oscillations have been reported in air temperature, which supports the role of net surface heat flux in warming up the warm pool region.
Sig. Results:
Results published in Mausam 2005 Vol. 56(1), pp 161-168
Characteristics of Warm Pool Observed from Moored Buoys . . .
Arabian Sea Monsoon Experiment (ARMEX) Symposium
National Scientists gathered at Workshop Session
Dignitaries Guests on daisThe Venue of the Workshop “Sagar Sangamam”,Conference Centre, NIOT
Venue : Sagar Sangamam, NIOT
Date : 22 –23 December 2003
Participants : 150
Papers Presented : 81 papers
Oral : 41 papers
Posters : 40 papers
Organized Jointly by : Dept. of Science & Technology
National Institute of Ocean Tech.
Observations of Currents During ARMEX Experiments in 2005
Integrated Sustained Ocean Observational Network(ISOON)
Integrated Sustained Ocean Observational Network(ISOON)
Indian Coastal Indian Coastal Ocean Observational Ocean Observational
NetworkNetwork(ICOON)(ICOON)
Open Ocean Open Ocean ObservationalObservational
NetworkNetwork(OOON)(OOON)
Indian EEZIndian EEZObservationalObservational
NetworkNetwork(IEON)(IEON)
Need for Integrated Sustained Ocean Observational Network (ISOON)
Present ocean observing systems is largely designed to
accommodate components for a single use and a specific time
period.
Multiple, in-situ systems are often deployed independently in
the same ocean regions, each justified for its own specific
uses.
An integrated system that is responsive to a broad spectrum of
user needs through the combined use of in situ and remote
measurements of multidisciplinary environmental variables
from shared platforms.
Goal of ISOON is a locally relevant, fully coordinated, cost
effective ocean observing system for multiple uses.
Advantages of ISOON
Coordinated data collection efforts to minimize duplication, reducecosts, and maximize data availability.
Development of an integrated ocean observation management plan toensure continuous data-streams, timely delivery of data, and adequate quality control.
The ability to meet the requirements of multiple users by integratingobservations collected for different purposes.
Adaptability to new and changing user requirements for ocean dataand products.
Optimizes the number of required observations using the availableresources (financial and manpower).
Integrated Sustained Ocean Observational Network(ISOON)
Integrated Sustained Ocean Observational Network(ISOON)
Expendable Buoys
Port Buoys
Moored Profilers
Environmental Buoys
Tide Gauges
HF Radars
Coastal Weather StationsI
COON Tsunami Buoys
Gliders
XBT Profilers
Reference Platforms
Current Meter Moorings
Ocean Buoys
IEON
Ocean Odyssey Buoys
Argo Floats
Drifter Buoys
Met BuoysOOON
Real timeEnd Use
Research &Development
ModellingForecast,
Early Warning
Indian Coastal Ocean Observational Network (ICOON)
ICOON Work Packages
Expendable BuoysWP7
Port BuoysWP5
Moored ProfilersWP6
Validation PlatformsWP8
Environmental BuoysWP4
Tide GaugesWP3
HF RadarsWP2
Coastal Weather StationsWP1
Work PackageID
WP – Work Package
WP1- Coastal Weather Stations Objectives
Continuous monitoring of various meteorological
parameters along the coastal area.
Sensor Fit
Atmospheric pressure
Air temperature
Relative humidity
Wind speed and direction
Rainfall
Solar radiation, etc.
End Application
Coastal Zone Management
Land Sea interaction studies
Marine/offshore operational activities
Status
Existing and is currently operated by IMD in land.
ISRO has developed Automated weather stations with
INSAT communication.
Locations of Coastal Weather Stations with Real Time Data Communication
66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
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SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Bay of Bengal
Arabian Sea
INDIAKandla
Okha
Portbandar
Jafarabad
Bhavnagar
Valsad
Mumbai
Ratnagiri
Malavan
Mormu GaoKarwar
Bhatkal
Mangalore
Cannanore
Calicut
Cochin
Trivandrum KulasekarapatnamTuticorin
Nagappattinam
Pondicherry
Chennai
Kakinada
Cuddalore
Vishakhapatnam
KalingapatnamBaruva
ParadipDhamara
Kavaratti
Port Blair
Machillipatnam
KanniyakumariTaka-Roait
G. Nicobar
Little Andaman
North Andaman
Kottapatnam
DurgarajapuramTherunattam
Haldia
Minicoy
Chilka Mouth
Murua
EEZ
A total of 50 to 60 CWS are proposed to be installed along with proposed Tide Gauge network along the coastal area
WP2 - HF Radar Network
TransmitAntenna
ReceiveAntenna
Objectives
Realtime spatial measurement of current and
waves
To study the circulation, coastal dynamics and
mitigation of hazards
End Application
Early cyclone & tsunami warning
Navigational purpose
Modelling coastal dynamics
Vessel tracking, etc.
Status
Not existing, NIOT has procured one such
system and will be installed shortly
Locations of HF Radar Network
A total of 20 HF Radar are proposed to be installed along the coastal area64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
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HF19
HF18
HF17
HF15
HF13
HF11
HF9
HF7HF6
HF3
Ratinagiri
SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Kavaratty
Kolkata
Cochin
North Andaman
Vishakhapatnam
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
MangaloreChennai
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
Tuticorin
Nagapatnam
Machillipatnam
HF1
HF4
HF4
HF5
HF8HF10
HF12
HF14
HF16
HF20
EEZ
Car Nicobar
Port Blair
Minicoy
Okha
Pipavav HF2
Kanyakumari
Kadmat
WP3 - Tide Gauge Network
Objectives
To observe sea level rise due to various phenomena and help in determining the extent of inundation.
Improve and validate the models to predict the extent of inundation due to storms and Tsunamis.
Realtime data availability through satellite communication
End Application
Tsunami reference station
Storm surge study
Navigational purpose
Global warming
Status
The existing tide stations are older generation and are generally installed at ports and managed bySurvey of India.
Currently NIOT operates 8 Acoustic Tide Gauges.
Locations of Tide Gauge Network with Real Time Data Communication
66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
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SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Bay of Bengal
Arabian Sea
INDIAKandla
Okha
Portbandar
Jafarabad
Bhavnagar
Valsad
Mumbai
Ratnagiri
Malavan
Mormu GaoKarwar
Bhatkal
Mangalore
Cannanore
Calicut
Cochin
Trivandrum KulasekarapatnamTuticorin
Nagappattinam
Pondicherry
Chennai
Kakinada
Cuddalore
Vishakhapatnam
KalingapatnamBaruva
ParadipDhamara
Kavaratti
Port Blair
Machillipatnam
KanniyakumariTaka-Roait
G. Nicobar
Little Andaman
North Andaman
Kottapatnam
DurgarajapuramTherunattam
Haldia
Minicoy
Chilka Mouth
Murua
A total of 50 to 60 Tide Gauges are proposed to be installed along the coastal area and will be installed in various ports
WP4 - EnvironmentalBuoys
Environmental Buoy
Objectives
Exclusive monitoring of water quality parameters
Designed for onsite maintenance/service
Sensor Fit
Nutrient sensor Chlorophyll
Dissolved Oxygen Current
Hydrocarbon CO2
Sediment trap Turbidity
End Application
Pollution monitoring
Productivity studies
Coastal Zone Management
Status
Not existing.
Eight such systems are planned to be deployed by 2007 by NDBP and can be expanded depending upon theperformance and needs.
A total of 8 Environmental buoys will be deployed by NDBP in the coastal waters by 2007. The numbers could be increased in XI plan period and may be discussed.
Locations of Environmental Buoys
66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
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8
10
12
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18
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22
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Ratinagiri
SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Lakshadweep
Kolkata
Cochin
Gulf of Kutchh
Andaman &Nicobar
Vishakhapatnam
Gulf of Cambay
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
Mangalore Chennai
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
Tuticorin
Mahabalipuram
Nagapatnam
Machillipatnam
EB1
EB2
EB3
EB4
EB5
EB6
EB7
EB8
EEZ
Shallow waterregion
WP-5 Port Buoys
Port Buoy
Objectives
Met-ocean observations in the vicinity of Ports to cater their various requirements.
Realtime availability of data for Vessel Traffic Management System.
Sensor Fit
Air Pressure Air Temperature
SST Wind
Wave Current
Salinity Humidity
End Application
Port and developmental activities
Vessel Traffic Management
Oil Spill monitoring
Status
Port buoys are presently operated by NDBP with Portsupport.
Presently Goa, Mangalore, Tuticorin and Ennore Portsutilise this facility.
A total of 8 Port Buoys will be deployed by NDBP in the coastal waters by 2007, numbers could be increased in the XI Plan
Locations of Port Buoys
66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
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Ratinagiri
SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Lakshadweep
Kolkata
Cochin
Gulf of Kutchh
Andaman &Nicobar
Vishakhapatnam
Gulf of Cambay
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
Mangalore Chennai
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
Tuticorin
Mahabalipuram
Nagapatnam
Machillipatnam
PB1
PB2
PB3
PB4
PB5
PB6
PB7
PB8
EEZ
Shallow waterregion
WP-6 Moored ProfilersObjectives
Complete vertical profile eliminating the need for multiple sensors on the mooring line.
Pre-programmable to dwell at depth for set periods of time.
Flexibility to carry a variety of payloads
Sensor Fit
CTD
Optical sensors
Acoustic sensors
End Application
Upper ocean Dynamics and variability
Improve the model prediction and validation
Status
Not existing in Indian waters.
Types of Moored Profilers
Sea Horse Mooring Profiler
The Seahorse profiler uses waveenergy and a one-way clamp toclimb down a mooring line. Once at the bottom, it waits for a user-defined time when the clamp opens and the buoyant device floats upthe line.
Designed for shallow waterapplications.
Produced by Brooke OceanTechnology, Ltd. of Dartmouth,Nova Scotia, Canada.
Development of the instrument was funded by the Canadian Panel onEnergy Research and Development (PERD).
Types of Moored Profilers
McLane Moored Profiler
The McLane Moored Profiler (MMP) is an
autonomous, profiling, instrument
platform.
Developed as a collaboration between
the McLane Research Laboratories, Inc.
(MRL) and the Advanced Engineering
Laboratory and the Department of
Physical Oceanography of the Woods
Hole Oceanographic Institution (WHOI).
The Moored Profiler utilizes a small,
battery-powered traction motor to climb
up and down a standard surface
mooring
A total of 12 Moored Profilers may be considered
Proposed Locations of Moored Profilers
66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
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Ratinagiri
SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Lakshadweep
Kolkata
Cochin
Gulf of Kutchh
Andaman &Nicobar
Vishakhapatnam
Gulf of Cambay
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
Mangalore Chennai
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
Tuticorin
Mahabalipuram
Nagapatnam
Machillipatnam
EEZ
Shallow waterregion
MP1
MP2
MP3
MP4
MP5
MP6
MP7
MP8
MP9
MP10
MP11
MP12
WP-7 Expendable Buoys
Objectives
Low cost expendable buoys to increase SST and Salinity data in the coastal waters.
Quick deployments in extreme events.
Sensor Fit
Conductivity
SST
End Application
Coastal ocean dynamics and variability
Improve the model prediction and validation
Status
Not existing in Indian waters, but is available internationally.
Expendable BuoyThe expendable buoys are singlesensor oceanographic data buoys.
Provided complete with mooringline, anchor and mooring hardware.
This buoy and mooring design areunusually rugged, and weredeveloped for deployment in fullyexposed shallow water locationssubject to relatively high currentsand high levels of solar radiation.
Produced and marketed by SoundOcean Systems, Inc., USA.
SOSI Model SST-001 Sea Surface Temperature (SST) buoys
A total of 20 Expendable buoys may be considered
WP8 – ValidationPlatform
Objectives
Stable platform for multi layer met-ocean studies
Testing of new instrumentation is best carried out on an easily accessible platform where a basic set of observations are routinely taken so that data from the new instrumentation can be readily analyzed and validated.
Immediate availability of data for analysis, assimilation into models, and calibration of satellite sensors.
Sensor Fit
Meteorological sensors
Oceanographic sensors
Water quality sensors
Any additional sensors to be tested
End Application
Sensor testing and validation
Air-Sea interaction studies
Status
Not existing in Indian waters and is existing internationally.
Acqua Alta Oceanographic Platform
A typical validation platform is operational in the
Northern Adriatic Sea, East of Italy, 16 km off the
coastline of Venice, at 16 m depth maintained by
Istituto di Scienze Marine-Venezia
Its basic structure is a four leg, framed template
extending 4 m above the sea surface. The
template is firmly fixed on the bottom, the poles
penetrating 22 m inside the sediments.
The three floors are at 4.5, 6.7, 9.3 m above the
mean sea level. The terrace floor is at 12.3 m.
Starting from the second floor, a large platform
extends horizontally 7 m in the southeast
direction. Two smaller platforms protrude towards
the southwest and northeast.
The tower is not continuously manned. People
move on board either for specific needs or for
maintenance. Also a living quarters is available on
the third floor.
Two platforms of smaller size are proposed to be installed at Ennore and Goa Port limits
Location of Validation Platform
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
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Ratinagiri
SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Lakshadweep
Kolkata
Cochin
Gulf of Kutch
Andaman &Nicobar
Vishakhapatnam
Gulf of Cambay
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
Mangalore Chennai
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
Tuticorin
Mahabalipuram
Nagapatnam
Machillipatnam
EEZ
TP2
TP1
Indian EEZ Observational Network(IEON)
IEON Work Packages
Autonomous VehicleWP6Tsunami BuoysWP7GPS & Hydrophone BuoysWP8Geophysical ObservatoryWP9
Glider FloatsWP5XBT ProfilersWP4Reference PlatformsWP3
Current Meter MooringsWP2Ocean BuoysWP1
Work PackageID
WP – Work Package
WP1 - Ocean Buoys
Ocean Buoy
Objectives
Met-ocean observations in the EEZ of India .
Long term climate and oceanographic variability studies.
Sensor Fit
Air Pressure Air Temperature
SST Wind
Wave Current
Salinity Humidity
Thermistor chain* Profiler*
* OptionalEnd Application
Early cyclone warning.
Monsoon dynamics and climate research.
Improve and validate met-ocean models
Status
Ten such buoys are presently operated by NDBP.
Ten such buoys are operational and two more will be deployed by 2007
Locations of Ocean Buoys
66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
66 70 74 78 82 86 90 94
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6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Ratinagiri
SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Lakshadweep
Kolkata
Cochin
Gulf of Kutchh
Andaman &Nicobar
Vishakhapatnam
Gulf of Cambay
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
Mangalore Chennai
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
Tuticorin
Mahabalipuram
Nagapatnam
Machillipatnam
OB1
OB2
OB5
OB7
OB9
OB11
OB3
OB4
OB6
OB8
OB10
OB12
EEZ
WP2 - Current Meter Mooring
Objectives
To study the surface and subsurface characteristics.
Identify the circulation pattern in Indian Seas.
Sensor Fit
ADCP
Current meters
CT elements
End Application
Ocean dynamics and circulation studies.
Improve and validate met-ocean models with additional input of profile data.
Status
Occasionally operated by various agencies for specific applicationsfor a short period.
Deep Sea Current Meter Mooring . . .
Current meter mooring is a fixed mooring that can accommodate
many instruments, including current meters, temperature and salinity
recorders.
Sensors are arranged at predetermined depths, and a sub-surface
buoy and elastic tether keep the wire taut.
ACOUSTIC RELEASE
DATA BUOY
DEPTH 500m
BOTTOM MOUNT UP LOOKING ADCP
ADCP CURRENT MEASUREMENT WITH BUOY UP TO 500m DEPTH
1000m
RCM11 AT 980mTURBITY
ACOUSTIC RELEASE
RCM11 AT 900m
CURRENT METER MOORING AT 1000m
800m
ADCP unit top and Bottom lookingat 400 m depth
400m
3000m
RCM11 AT 2950mTURBITY
ACOUSTIC RELEASE
CURRENT METER MOORING AT 3000m
RCM11 AT 2750m
75 KHz AT 1200m
RCM11 AT 1800m
RCM11 AT 2100m
RCM11 AT 2400m
ADCP unit top and Bottom lookingAt 400 m depth
ADCP unit top and Bottom looking
1600m
800m
1500m
RCM11 AT 1480mTURBITY
ACOUSTIC RELEASE
RCM11 AT 1000m
RCM11 AT 1200m
800m
ADCP unit top and Bottom lookingat 400 m depth
400m
CURRENT METER MOORING AT 1500m
A total of 10 current meter moorings are proposed to be installed
Locations of Deep Sea Current Meter Mooring
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Ratinagiri
SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Lakshadweep
Kolkata
Cochin
Gulf of Kutch
Andaman &Nicobar
Vishakhapatnam
Gulf of Cambay
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
Mangalore Chennai
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
Tuticorin
Mahabalipuram
Nagapatnam
Machillipatnam
CM1
CM2
CM3
CM4
CM5
CM6
CM7
CM8
CM9 CM10
WP3 - Reference Platforms
Objectives
A permanent network of ocean observatories at critical locations fitted with all kinds of Meterological, oceanographic, biogeochemical sensors capable of continuoustime series observations within the EEZ.
Reference for other observations including remote sensing.
Sensor Fit
Fields of surface winds over water, surface atmospheric pressure, and waves
Surface and interior fields of currents, temperature, salinity, dissolved nutrients,dissolved oxygen, chlorophyll-a, and carbon
Heat, water, and carbon fluxes across the air-water interface
Inputs of sediments, nutrients, aerosol and contaminants from land/atmosphericsources
Distribution and abundance of phytoplankton, zooplankton, and Living MarineResources in the context of environmental (water depth, temperature, salinity,dissolved oxygen, flow, and wave fields) and habitat conditions; and abrupt climate change.
Schematic Diagram of Reference Platform
End Application
Validation of sensors for met ocean observation.
Air-sea interaction and climate variability study
Status
Not existing in Indian waters and is exiting internationally.
A total of 6 reference platforms are proposed to be installed
Locations of Reference Platforms
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Ratinagiri
SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Lakshadweep
Kolkata
Cochin
Gulf of Kutch
Andaman &Nicobar
Vishakhapatnam
Gulf of Cambay
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
Mangalore Chennai
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
Tuticorin
Mahabalipuram
Nagapatnam
Machillipatnam
RB1
RB2
RB3
RB4
RB5
RB6
EEZ
WP4 - XBT Profilers
Objectives
To measure vertical temperature profile .
To study the upper ocean thermal structure and its variability
Sensor Fit
Water Temperature
End Application
Monsoon dynamics and climate research.
Improve and validate met-ocean models
Status
Presently operated by NIO, Goa along majorshipping route.
WP5 - Glider FloatsObjectives
Subsurface sampling at regional scale.
To map the dynamic (Temporal & Spatial) features in the EEZ waters.
Sensor Fit
Conductivity
Temperature
Chlorophyll
Fluorescence
Any additional biological, chemical & physical sensors.
End Application
Upper ocean dynamics and variability
Improve the model prediction and validation
Status
Not existing in Indian waters, but is operated by many international agencies.
Types of Glider Floats
Electric Glider
It is a uniquely mobile unit capable of moving to specific locations and depths, both horizontally
and vertically.
It can be programmed to patrol for weeks at a time, surfacing to transmit their data to shore
while downloading new instructions at regular intervals.
Costing ranges from 50,000 to 70,000/- USD depends on the depth range and endurance
Weight : 52 Kg
Hull Diameter x Length : 21.3 cm x 1.5 m
Depth Range : 4 - 200 meters
Energy : Alkaline Batteries
Endurance : Dependent on measurement and communication, type. 30 days
Communications : RF modem, Iridium satellite, ARGOS, Telesonar modem
Produced & Marketed by : M/s. WEBB Research Corp.,USA.
Glider's Features
Types of Moored Profilers
Thermal GliderWeight: 60 Kg
Hull Diameter x Length : 21.3 cm x 1.5 m
Depth Range :4 - 2000 meters
Energy :Batteries charged by Environmental (thermal engine)
Endurance : 5 years
Communications :RF modem, Iridium satellite, ARGOS
Produced & Marketed by : M/s. WEBB Research Corp.,USA.
Weight: 51.8 Kg
Hull Diameter x Length : 20 cm x 2 m
Maximum Depth :1500 meters
Energy : Alkaline Battery
Communications : Iridium satellite
Developed by : Scripps & Woods Hole Scientists
Spray Glider
A total of 6 nos can be considered
Objectives
Subsurface sampling.
Sub-bottom acoustic profiling.
Bathymetry and sidescan sonar measurements
Sensor Fit
ADCP Transmissometer Turbulence probe
Echo sounder Oxygen sensor Sonars
CTD Manganese sensor Swath bathymetry
Water sampler Flow cytometer Digital cameras
Fluorometer Any additional sensor
End Application
Bathymetric Survey
Sea bottom sampling
Acoustical, physical and bio-geo chemical ocean research
Status
Not existing in Indian waters and is existing internationally.
WP6 – Autonomous Vehicle
AutoSub Features
Autosub is a long range, deep diving AUV with a wide
range of possible applications
The vehicle navigates using DGPS on the surface and
using ADCP velocity data in underwater
Data are restored on board and sub-set of vehicle data
can be transmitted acoustically or by radio link in real
time
Approx. cost 1.5 to 2.0 Million USD
Dimensions : Length 7 m, 0.9 m diameter.
Batteries: Mn alkaline providing more than 500 km range or 6 days endurance
Maximum depth rating : 1600 m
Maximum range : 800 km
Propulsion : DC brush less motor
Navigation : Bottom or ceiling tracking using doppler log
Scientific payload : 1 cubic meter or 100 kilograms in water
Developed by : Southampton Oceanography Center, UK.
WP7 – Tsunami Buoy
Objectives
To detect tsunamigenic waves
Sensor Fit
Bottom Pressure Recorder
Any surface met-ocean sensors*
• Optional
End Application
Early Tsunami Warning
Improve the tsunami model prediction
Status
Not existing in Indian waters, but is operated by NOAA/PMEL.
Locations of Tsunami Buoy
A total of 12 Tsunami buoys are proposed to be installed
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Ratinagiri
SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Lakshadweep
Kolkata
Cochin
Gulf of Kutch
Andaman &Nicobar
Vishakhapatnam
Gulf of Cambay
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
Mangalore Chennai
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
Tuticorin
Mahabalipuram
Nagapatnam
Machillipatnam
EEZ
TB1
TB2
TB3
TB4
TB5
TB6
TB7
TB8
TB9
TB10
TB11
TB12
WP8 - GPS Buoys with Hydrophone Array
Objectives
To measure sea surface fluctuation of wide range frequency.
Sea level measurements
To study underwater earthquake.
To identify submarines and marine mammals.
Sensor FitGPS Receiver
Hydrophones
End Application
Early Tsunami Warning
Studies of Storm Surge, wave, swell and tides.
Submarines detection
Marine Mammal studies
Satellite altimeter data validation
Status
Not existing in Indian waters and is existing internationally.
Seal GPS Buoy
The GPS-buoy was developed as a calibrating
tool for satellite radar altimetry (RA) in the
North Sea.
The buoy also measure the instantaneous sea
level with higher accuracy and utilized for early
tsunami warning.
Developed by GeoForschungs Zentrum
Postdam, National Research Centre for
Geosciences, Germany.
Hydrophone Array
HYDROPHONES
GPS Buoy
Wave noise
Ship
ship noise
BiologicalSound
T-Waves
A hydrophone array is made up of a number of hydrophones moored in a vertical line in the water
column with GPS buoy
Sound arriving at the array from a distant source, such as a submarine, earth quake or marine
mammals, will reach each hydrophone at slightly different times, depending on the direction from
which the sound is coming.
This time difference is known as the time-of-arrival-difference and can estimate the direction of the
source.
Locations of GPS Buoys with Hydrophones complementing Tsunami Buoys
A total of 10GPS buoys with Hydrophones are proposed to be installed
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Ratinagiri
SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Lakshadweep
Kolkata
Cochin
Gulf of Kutch
Andaman &Nicobar
Vishakhapatnam
Gulf of Cambay
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
Mangalore Chennai
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
Tuticorin
Mahabalipuram
Nagapatnam
Machillipatnam
EEZ
GPS1
GPS2
GPS3
GPS4
GPS5
GPS6
GPS7
GPS8
GPS9GPS10Tsunami Buoys
GPS Buoys
Objectives
Long term seismic observations in the seafloor.
To study earth's deep interior.
To study global plate tectonics.
Sensor Fit
Geomagnetism (3-component flux-gate magnetometer, scalar magnetometer,absolute direction sensor, tilt sensor)
Geodesy (4 precision transponders)
Seafloor Oceanography (pressure sensor, horizontal electric field)
Seismology (3-componet broadband OBS and long-period pressure sensor)
End Application
Seismic Studies
Studies of internal structure and properties of earth's mantle.
Status
Not existing in Indian waters and is exiting internationally
WP9 - GeophysicalObservatory
A junction box sits on the seafloor near the mooring to which an array of ocean bottom
seismometers and sensors buried in the mud for regional seismic studies are connected.
Nearby a seafloor magnetometer, for geomagnetic studies, and seafloor geodetic sensors for
regional and global tectonic investigations are installed which are also connected to the
junction box.
Vertical hydrophone array is moored in the SOFAR channel nearby, for detecting regional
seismicity and for meso- and basin-scale acoustic thermometry.
A surface buoy connected to the junction box transmits the data in realtime
DEOS Ocean Observatory
Locations of Geophysical Observatory
One Geophysical Observatory is proposed to be installed
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Ratinagiri
SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Lakshadweep
Kolkata
Cochin
Gulf of Kutch
Andaman &Nicobar
Vishakhapatnam
Gulf of Cambay
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
Mangalore Chennai
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
Tuticorin
Mahabalipuram
Nagapatnam
Machillipatnam
GPH1
EEZ
Open Ocean Observational Network (OOON)
OOON Work Packages
Ocean Odyssey BuoysWP4
Ice BuoysWP5
Argo FloatsWP3
Drifter BuoysWP2
Met BuoysWP1
Work PackageID
WP – Work Packages
WP1 - Met Buoys
Met BuoyObjectives
Long term realtime surface met data collection
To study the air sea interaction, monsoon and
climate variability in Indian Seas
Sensor Fit
Air pressure
Air Temperature
Humidity
Wind speed & Direction
SST
End Application
Advance monsoon prediction
Early cyclone warning
StatusExisting and is operated by NDBP
Four Met buoys are currently operational by NDBP and eight more will be deployed by 2007
Locations of Met Buoys
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Ratinagiri
SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Lakshadweep
Kolkata
Cochin
Gulf of Kutch
Andaman &Nicobar
Vishakhapatnam
Gulf of Cambay
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
Mangalore Chennai
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
Tuticorin
Mahabalipuram
Nagapatnam
Machillipatnam
EEZ
MB1
MB2
MB3
MB4
MB5
MB6 MB7MB8
MB9
MB10
MB11
MB12
WP-2 Drifter Buoys
Drifter buoys are currently coordinated by NIO Goa
Drifter BuoyObjectives
To understand the circulation pattern in Indian
Seas
To study the air sea interaction process
Sensor Fit
Air pressure
SST
Can estimate current direction & speed
End Application
Improve the general circulation models
Navigational purpose
StatusExisting and is currently operated by NIO, Goa.
WP-3 Argo FloatsArgo Floats
Indian Argo Programme is coordinated by INCOIS, Hyderabad.Deployment and indigenous development carried out by NIOT,Chennai.
ObjectivesQuantitatively describe the upper ocean dynamics and the
patterns of ocean climate variability
To document seasonal to decadal climate variability and its
predictability
Sensor Fit
SST
Salinity
Pressure/Depth
End Application
To initialise ocean and coupled ocean-atmosphere forecast
models
Improve the understanding of the ocean's role in climate
Improve the general circulation models
Navigational purpose
StatusExisting and is currently operated by INCOIS, Hyderabad.
WP5 – Ocean Odyssey Buoys
Ocean Odyssey Buoy
ObjectivesTo study the role of ocean in global climate
variability and El-Nino
To understand the global circulation pattern
Sensor Fit
Air Pressure Air Temperature
SST Wind
Wave Current
Salinity Humidity
Solar Radiation CT profilerEnd Application
Better understanding of ocean dynamics and air-
sea interaction
Facilitate weather forecasts and monsoon
prediction
Status
Existing in tropical Pacific and Atlantic
A total of 21 buoys considered for internal cooperation
Locations of Ocean Odyssey Buoys
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
64 68 72 76 80 84 88 92 96
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
-4
-2
0
2
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
Ratinagiri
SRILANKAIndira Point
MALDIVES
Lakshadweep
Kolkata
Cochin
Gulf of Kutch
Andaman &Nicobar
Vishakhapatnam
Gulf of Cambay
Mumbai
Paradip
Goa
Mangalore
Chennai
Bay of BengalArabian Sea
INDIA
Tuticorin
Mahabalipuram
Machillipatnam
EEZ
WP4 – Ice Buoys
ObjectivesTo track ice movement and variability.
To validate sea ice models and climate change
detection
To investigate the distribution and properties of
subsurface eddies.
Sensor Fit
ADCP
CTD
Water Column Profiler (Estimates the krill biomass
using sound waves)
End Application
Better understanding of subsurface eddies
Improve the understanding of the sea ice's role
in climate
Status
Existing and is operational in Arctic/Antarctic
Ice Buoy
Integrated Sustained Ocean Observational Network(ISOON)
Integrated Sustained Ocean Observational Network(ISOON)
Expendable Buoys
Port Buoys
Moored Profilers
Validation Platforms
Environmental Buoys
Tide Gauges
HF Radars
Coastal Weather StationsI
COON Geophysical Observatory
Autonomous Vehicle
Tsunami Buoys
GPS & HydrophoneBuoys
Gliders
XBT Profilers
Reference Platforms
Current Meter Moorings
Ocean Buoys
IEON Ice Buoys
Ocean Odyssey Buoys
Argo Floats
Drifter Buoys
Met BuoysOOON
Real timeEnd Use
Research &Development
ModellingForecast,
Early Warning
PRINCIPAL PARTICULARS
Length over all : 60.00 m
Breadth : 11.00 m
Depth upto Main Deck : 05.00 m
Draft : 03.20 m
Speed (Guaranteed) : 11.5 Knots @ 90% MCR
Complements
Crew: 18 Scientist : 11
Buoy Handling Facility:
• 2 Nos. articulated electro-hydrauliccranes each having 5 T SWL with an out reach of 8 m.
• 1 No. ‘A’ frame to lift 12 tones of load
Propulsion : Twin Screw FPP
Station Keeping : Two Steerable
water jet propulsion
Contract Value : Rs. 2199.25 lakhs
M/s. Hindustan Shipyard Ltd., Visakhapatnam has been awarded with the order for construction of
Buoy tender Cum Research Vessel to meet the maintenance of increased buoy network. The
design and building specification for the vessel has been prepared by National Ship Design and
Research Centre (NSDRC), Visakhapatnam. The vessel is under advanced outfit. Entire ship
construction progress is monitored by NDBP.
Ship Acquisition - Buoy Tender Cum Research Vessel“Sagar Manjusha”
Buoy Tender cum Research Vessel ‘Sagar Manjusha’, is in advanced out-fit
Ship profile Deck
Main Propulsion Engine DG sets
Captain’s room Fore peak
Wheel House Mast & Navigational equipment
Thank You