ROAD TO WWIIROAD TO WWII

Peace EffortsPeace Efforts

Militaristic NationalismMilitaristic Nationalism

American IsolationismAmerican Isolationism

War in EuropeWar in Europe

FDR’s ResponseFDR’s Response

Japan & Pearl HarborJapan & Pearl Harbor

PEACE EFFORTS: ISOLATIONPEACE EFFORTS: ISOLATION

• Kellogg-Briand Pact 1928: war is illegalKellogg-Briand Pact 1928: war is illegal

• Latin America: Good Neighbor PolicyLatin America: Good Neighbor Policy– US pulls out of all Latin American NationsUS pulls out of all Latin American Nations– Platt Amendment rescinded, Cardenas okPlatt Amendment rescinded, Cardenas ok

• Japan: Disarmament ConferenceJapan: Disarmament Conference– Five Powers Treaty: 5:5:3Five Powers Treaty: 5:5:3– Nine Powers Treaty: Open Door PolicyNine Powers Treaty: Open Door Policy

• Isolation: People want no war or ties Isolation: People want no war or ties

Militaristic NationalismMilitaristic Nationalism

• Rise of Hitler: Nazi, Mein Kampf, Rise of Hitler: Nazi, Mein Kampf, – Chancellor 1933, Fuhrer, totalitarian gov.Chancellor 1933, Fuhrer, totalitarian gov.

• Rise of Mussolini: Fascism, DuceRise of Mussolini: Fascism, Duce

• Franco: Spanish Civil War, Lincoln Franco: Spanish Civil War, Lincoln BrigadeBrigade

• Russia:Stalin, hundreds of thousands Russia:Stalin, hundreds of thousands killedkilled– FDR recognizes Soviet Union 1933FDR recognizes Soviet Union 1933

• Japan: Attacks Manchuria 1931, Japan: Attacks Manchuria 1931, – invades Shanghai 1933, Chiang Kai-shekinvades Shanghai 1933, Chiang Kai-shek

Hitler and the NazisHitler and the Nazis

Mussolini with HitlerMussolini with Hitler

Joseph StalinJoseph Stalin

American IsolationismAmerican Isolationism

• Nye Commission: It says banks and Nye Commission: It says banks and armsarms– companies started WWI for profits companies started WWI for profits

• Neutrality Acts: “Never Again”Neutrality Acts: “Never Again”– No Loans to belligerentsNo Loans to belligerents– No trade, no arms salesNo trade, no arms sales– No sailing on belligerent shipsNo sailing on belligerent shipsAMERICA FIRST COMMITTEE: AMERICA FIRST COMMITTEE: ANTI WAR PROTESTORS: college studentsANTI WAR PROTESTORS: college students

Charles LindberghCharles LindberghAmerica First CommitteeAmerica First Committee

WAR IN EUROPEWAR IN EUROPE• Hitler takes Rhineland(36) and Hitler takes Rhineland(36) and

Austria(38)Austria(38)

• Demands Sudentenland in CzechDemands Sudentenland in Czech

• Munich Pact 1938: “Peace in our time”Munich Pact 1938: “Peace in our time”– Chamberlain appeases HitlerChamberlain appeases Hitler

• Hitler invades Czech. 6 months laterHitler invades Czech. 6 months later

• Jewish Persecution: Nuremberg lawsJewish Persecution: Nuremberg laws– Kristallnacht, Jews no where to goKristallnacht, Jews no where to go

• Non-Aggression Pact: Hitler & Stalin(39)Non-Aggression Pact: Hitler & Stalin(39)– Hitler promises Stalin a chunk of PolandHitler promises Stalin a chunk of Poland– Hitler avoids a two front war Hitler avoids a two front war

Munich Pact: Munich Pact: “Appeasement”“Appeasement”

Hitler Takes Paris: June Hitler Takes Paris: June 19401940

FDR’S RESPONCEFDR’S RESPONCE• Change Neutrality Laws: “Cash and Carry”Change Neutrality Laws: “Cash and Carry”

– Congress rejects until after Poland. Congress rejects until after Poland.

• BlitzKrieg: Sept 1 Germany invades PolandBlitzKrieg: Sept 1 Germany invades Poland– April: Denmark and Norway, April: Denmark and Norway, – France surrendered June 22,1940, Vichy gov. France surrendered June 22,1940, Vichy gov. – 330,000 Britain escapes through Dunkirk330,000 Britain escapes through Dunkirk– London bombedLondon bombed

• Warships for Basis: 50 ships to BritainWarships for Basis: 50 ships to Britain– FDR: “We must help Britain”. $10 b military FDR: “We must help Britain”. $10 b military

budget budget

• FDR wins 1940 election against WilkieFDR wins 1940 election against Wilkie

• ““Lend Lease” (March 41) lend and carryLend Lease” (March 41) lend and carry

• German submarines 500,000 tons per monthGerman submarines 500,000 tons per month

Tojo: leader of Japan 1941-Tojo: leader of Japan 1941-19451945

JAPAN AND PEARL HABORJAPAN AND PEARL HABOR• Japan’s plan for Asian dominationJapan’s plan for Asian domination

– Japan attacks China, “Rape of Nanking” Japan attacks China, “Rape of Nanking”

• Tripartite Pact: Japan, Germany, ItalyTripartite Pact: Japan, Germany, Italy

• American oil and metal EmbargoAmerican oil and metal Embargo

• MAGIC: we break the Japanese codeMAGIC: we break the Japanese code

• Japan attacks IndochinaJapan attacks Indochina

• Hideki Tojo become virtual dictatorHideki Tojo become virtual dictator

• Pearl Harbor Dec. 11. 1941: 2400 Pearl Harbor Dec. 11. 1941: 2400 killedkilled

• ““A date which will live in infamy”A date which will live in infamy”

• Germany declares war on AmericaGermany declares war on America

Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 1941Pearl Harbor: Dec. 7, 19412400 killed:18 warships:300 2400 killed:18 warships:300 planesplanes