Rise of Fascism and Militarism in Europe and Japan

1919-1936

Benito Mussolini: “il Duce”

• Problems facing Italy• Rise of Blackshirts• Fascism• His “reforms?” • Desire for a “New

Rome”

Adolf Hitler

• Weimar Republic• Economic problems

lead to unrest• Nazism and Mein Kampf• Kristallnacht 1938• Nuremberg Laws 1935

Joseph Stalin

• Five Year Plan• Forced collectivization• Kulaks• Gulag• Secret Police• The Great Purge

Japan’s Militarism

• Changes after WWI• Economic Unrest• Attempts to quickly

modernize, militarize• 1931 Manchuria and

League’s reaction?• Influence of Japan’s

history on the attitudes of military/political leaders?