15th INTERNATIONAL OPERATIONS & MAINTENANCE CONFERENCE IN THE ARAB

COUNTRIESUNDER THE THEME: “SMART MAINTENANCE” CONICIDE WITH THE 15TH ARAB MAINTENANCE

EXHIBITION

Dr.-Ing. Ayman Bishara

RFID SYSTEM FOR INTELLIGENT FACADES IN

SOUTHERN COUNTRIES

2

Outline Agenda

• Motivation

• RFID transponder system

• Model calibration and evaluation of measurements

• Conclusion

3

Energy consumption in Arabic region = 4 times the average one of the rest of the world

Motivation

(OAPEC 2015)

4

building regulations,

standards, EnEV`S

construction

practice

solar buildings

research,

demonstration projects

low energy buildings

zero heating buildings

3- liter houses

Plus energy houses

Hea

tin

g e

ne

rgy c

on

su

mp

tio

n k

Wh

/m2a

Motivation

Development of energy saving in Germany

Energy saving: Environmental protection, CO2- reduction, reduction of operation costs

5

Tallest tower to be insulated with ETICS. At 143 meters making sure the system would withstand

all applied loads while maintaining architectural design was the biggest challenge (2007)

Sofitel Hotel, JBR, Dubai

Performance and quality of External Thermal Insulation Composite System (ETICS)

for sustainable buildings in the Arabic region

Motivation

6

- High installation effort

- High costs

- Destructive measurement

- Cause of thermal bridges

We need an innovative

measurement system.

Conventional measuring system

RFID measuring system

- Intelligent construction

- Material identification

- Cost reduction

- Quality intensification

- Culture enhancement

Previous (wired) measuring systems

7

RFID Transponder System

8

Transponder

systems

Semi-passive

system

Sensor

Passive

system

Only ID Data Sensor

LF, HF, UHF, µW UHF, µW, UWBLF, HF, UHF, µW

Active

system

Point to

point

Sensor

networkLocal

RFID Transponder System

Classification of transponder

technology

9

RFID Transponder System

Antenna

Transponder Chip

RFID- ReaderInformation

system

Antenna

DataTact

energy

Antenna

Transponder Chip

Antenna

Transponder Chip

Structure and basic operation of an RFID system

10

RFID transponder system

Passive transponder for ID and sensor applications

Block diagram layout scheme of the humidity and temperature transponder

11

RFID transponder system

Active / passive temperature and humidity transponder

sensor

battery

sensor

antenna

12

Reading out process

- Reader transmits power, data and tact

- Transponder transmits back measured T&RH

Energy

Data-transfer

Reader-control

Radiofrequency field

RFID transponder system

13

Application of the RFID transponder system in a practical case study in UAE

Reference cubicle

without insulation

EPS (Dalmatiner) Mineral wool Hemp

Standard cubicles at RAKRIC

B4 B1 B3 B2

Reference box

without insulation

EPS (Dalmatiner) Mineral wool Hemp

Case study at Ras al Khaimah (UAE)

14

Case study at Ras al Khaimah (UAE)

Position of the T/RH Transponder

Abbildung 6: Lage der Datenlogger im Bauteil (Außenwand) mit Innenklimasensor

innen außen

Innenklima T/rH T/rH T/rH

external internal

Interior climateT/RH

T/RHT/RH

U-v

alu

e[W

/(m

²K)]

15

Results

Comparison of thermal transmittance (U-value) of the 4 boxes

Evaluated from measurement Expected from theory

16

Results

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

15.4.16 25.5.16 4.7.16 13.8.16 22.9.16 1.11.16 11.12.16

Feuchte (%) Temp (C)

Temperature and relative humidity between wall and insulation (Box 3, mineral wool)

Rela

tive

hu

mid

ity (

%)

Te

mp

era

ture

(°C

)

Time

RH

17

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

0

10

20

30

40

50

60

70

80

90

100

29.7.16 31.7.16 2.8.16 4.8.16 6.8.16 8.8.16 10.8.16 12.8.16 14.8.16

Humidity meas. (%) Humidity sim. (%) Temperature meas. (°C) Temperature sim. (°C)

Rela

tive

hu

mid

ity (

%) T

em

pe

ratu

re (

°C)

Time

Results

Calibration of the simulation model Comparison of measured and calculated T/rh (Box3 insulated with mineral-wool)

18

Results

Numerical simulation results for Box 3 (water content of mineral-wool (MW))

Year 1 Year 2 Year 4 Year 5Year 3 Year 1 Year 2 Year 4 Year 5Year 3

14𝑘𝑔

𝑚³· 0.01𝑚 = 0.14

𝑘𝑔

𝑚²= 140

𝑔

𝑚²< 200

𝑔

𝑚²

Year 1 Year 2 Year 4 Year 5Year 3

Does not exceed the standard value (European Standard EN ISO 13788)

On MW, mineral plaster without vapor barrier On MW, mineral plaster with vapor barrier On MW, plaster with organic binderW

ate

r co

nte

nt

[Kg

/m³]

Wate

r co

nte

nt

[Kg

/m³]

Wa

ter

co

nte

nt

[Kg

/m³]

19

Conclusion

• An innovative wireless transponder system (RFID) with integrated hygrothermal

sensor has been developed.

• Using the RFID sensor system, the functionality of ETICS could be shown under

hot climate conditions the system can be monitored permanently which

contributes significantly to the prevention of structural damage.

• The optimization of the hygrothermal conditions using ETICS under hot climate

conditions could be achieved.

• For the case study in UAE, the avoidance of moisture pentation from outside into

the construction is key for a long-term damage-free ETICS system.

• ETICS has a big effect of significantly reducing heat flow through the outer wall

under hot climatic conditions.

20

Thank you for your attention

Ayman.Bishara@dr-rmi.de