REVIEWTransport

1. Which part of the human blood:a. is the most numerous? b. contains a nucleus?c. is produced in the bone marrow?

d. consists mainly of water?

wbc’srbc’s

rbc’s, wbc’s, platelets

plasma

Y Z

2. Identify structures X, Y, and Z.

red blood cell

white blood cell

platelet

3. Which activity is not a function of white blood cells in response to an invasion of the body by bacteria?

1. engulfing these bacteria 2. producing antibodies to act against this type of

bacteria 3. preparing for future invasions of this type of

bacteria 4. speeding transmissions of nerve impulses to

detect these bacteria

4

4. Explain the difference between arteries and veins.

•Arteries carry blood AWAY from heart. Veins carry blood to the heart.

•Arteries are larger, more muscular and elastic than veins.

•Arteries carry blood under higher pressure than veins. •Veins have valves to prevent the backflow of blood. Arteries do not have valves.

5. Explain what occurs in capillaries and why.

The exchange or diffusion of substances into or out of the capillary.

Capillaries are extremely small and have a VERY thin lining that allows for diffusion to occur.

O 2

glucose

O 2

glucose

glucose

O 2

O 2

glucose

CO 2

CO 2

CO 2

6.The diagram represents a capillary near some cells. a. Identify the substances diffusing out of the capillary and into cells. b. Identify the substances diffusing out of cells into the capillary.

left ventricle

right ventricle

left atrium

right atrium

7. Identify the structures below.

aorta

Upper vena cava

Pulmonary artery

Pulmonary vein

8. When blood passes through the heart from the left atrium (D) to the left ventricle (E), it must first pass through a

valve

9. Describe the function of plasma.•Transports materials (blood cells, hormones, wastes…)

10. Describe the function and shape of red blood cells.•Disc shaped, no nucleus, carries oxygen & carbon dioxide

11. What do red blood cells contain?•Hemoglobin (red protein that allows them to carry oxygen)

12. Identify the part of blood being described.

a. Most numerous blood cell.• Red blood cellsb. Carries enzymes.• plasmac. Involved in blood clotting.• plateletsd. Carries oxygen.• Red blood cells

12. Identify the part of blood being described.

e. Largest blood cell.• White blood cellsf. Made up of 90% water.• plasmag. Involved in blood clotting.• plateletsh. Protect the body against disease.• White blood cellsi. Carries hormones.• plasma

13. What component of blood is important in healing wounds on the skin?  

a.  red blood cells  b.  urea  c.  platelets  d.  white blood cells 

c

14. What is a pickup function of blood?  

a. picks up urine from the bladder  b. picks up undigested food from

the large intestine  c. picks up carbon dioxide from

the air in the lungs   d. picks up carbon dioxide waste

from cells. 4

15. What is a major difference between red blood cells and white blood cells?

a. Red blood cells contain hemoglobin, but white blood cells do not.

b. Red blood cells can move, but white blood cells cannot.

c. Red blood cells contain nuclei, but white blood cells do not.

d. Red blood cells engulf foreign bacteria, but white blood cells do not.

1

 16. Where are red and white blood cells made in the body?  

a.  in lymph nodes  b.  in bone marrow  c.  at the sinoatrial node  d.  in the heart

b

17. What component of blood plays a role in protection against disease?  

a.  white blood cells  b.  platelets  c.  urea  d.  red blood cells

a

18. Which blood component is a liquid?   

a.  platelets  b.  white blood cells  c.  plasma  d.  red blood cells

c

19. Which type of blood could a person with blood type O safely receive?

•Only blood type O

20. What type of blood can a person receive if they have blood type B?

•Types A, B, AB, and O

21. If someone has blood type A+,

a.what antigens are found on their blood cells?

•A antigens

b. what antibodies are found in there blood

•Anti-B antibodies

c. what does the positive sign mean?

•They have the Rh factor (18 extra proteins found on the red blood cells)

19. Which statement best describes the activities of the parts of the blood shown in the diagram below?

a. A and B kill germs, and C carries oxygen. b. A, B, and C produce hemoglobin. c. B and C kill germs, and A carries nutrients. d. A carries oxygen, B starts clotting, and C

kills germs.

A

B

C

22

4

20. What part of the blood carries minerals, vitamins, sugar, and other foods to the body's cells? a. plasma b. red blood cells c. white blood cells d. platelets 21. What would happen to people who have an open wound and whose blood did not clot naturally? a. Nothing. Clotting is not important. b. They would have to take special clotting drugs. c. They would bleed to death. d. They would need a transfusion of plasma.

23

24a

c

Arteries

Capillaries

Veins

25. Identify the blood vessels below:

26. Identify the blood vessel described.a. Carry blood towards the heart.• veinsb. Thickest blood vessel.• arteriesc. Where the diffusion of substances

occurs.• capillariesd. Contain valves.• veins

26. Identify the blood vessel described.e. Blood vessel used when measuring pulse

rate.• arteriesf. Thinnest blood vessel• capillariesg. Blood flows through with a lot of

pressure.• arteriesh. Very elastic.• arteries

27. Explain the function of the circulatory system. •Transport materials through the body28. Describe the four chambers of the heart.•right atrium & right ventricle – pump deoxygenated blood from cells to lungs•Left atrium & left ventricle – pump oxygenated blood from lungs to cells29. Explain the importance of valves in the heart.•Prevent blood from moving backwards30. Why is the septum so important?•Prevents blood in right and left sides from mixing

31. Where is deoxygenated blood pumped to?•The lungs32. Where is oxygenated blood pumped to?•To body cells33. Identify the largest artery in the body. Where does it pump blood to? Oxygenated or deoxygenated? •Aorta, to all body cells, oxygenated

34.Identify the part of the heart being described.

a. Chamber that receives oxygenated blood.

• Left atriumb. Wall that separates the right and left

side of the heart.• septumc. Chamber that pumps out deoxygenated

blood.• Right ventricle

34. Identify the part of the heart being described.

d. Chamber that receives deoxygenated blood.

• Right atriume. Prevents the backflow of blood between

atria and ventricles.• valvesf. Chamber that pulps out oxygenated

blood.• Left ventricles

Lower vena cava

upper vena cava

Left ventricle

Right ventricle

Pulmonary vein Pulmonary vein

Pulmonary artery

aorta

Pulmonary artery

35

Pulmonary artery

36. Which side of your heart pumps oxygenated blood?•left37. To where will this blood be sent to?•lungs38. Which blood vessel carries deoxygenated blood back to the right side of the heart?•Vena cava

39. What part of the heart receives blood?•atria40. What is the function of a valve?•Prevents backflow of blood41. What kind of blood does the aorta carry? •oxygenated42. Where does the aorta send blood to?•Everywhere in the body

43.

A.

B.C.

D.

E.

J.

I.

H.

G.

F.

aorta

Left atrium

valve

Left ventricle

septumLower vena cava

Right ventricle

valve

Right atrium

Upper vena cava

Immune System Review

44. What is pathogen?•Disease causing organism (germ)45. How does the skin protect the body?•It prevents pathogens from entering the body.46. Explain what happens during an inflammatory response (2nd line of defense)?•White blood cells destroy pathogens.

47. How do antibodies work?•They attach to the pathogen and slow them down so they can be destroyed by WBC’s.48. How are antibodies made?•White blood cells make them.•T-cells tell the B-cells to make them.

49. How are infectious diseases different from noninfectious diseases?•Infectious diseases are caused by a pathogen and can be spread to someone else.•Noninfectious diseases are not caused by a pathogen and cannot be spread.50. Identify 1 example of an infectious disease.•AIDS, cold, flu, strep throat51. Identify 1 example of a noninfectious disease.•Cancer, diabetes

52. How does HIV affect the body?•It destroys T- cells so antibodies cannot be produced to fight off pathogens.53. What is an allergy?•When the body is sensitive to a certain substance.54. Explain what happens if someone has cancer?•Abnormal cells divide uncontrollably.

55. Explain one difference between active and passive immunity?

• Active = permanent, you make your own antibodies

• Passive = temporary, get antibodies from another

56. How does a person acquire active immunity to a specific disease?

• Get the disease, or get a vaccine.57. What is a vaccine?• Injection of a dead or week pathogen, so body

makes antibodies and memory cells to fight it. 58. Give an example of someone acquiring passive

immunity.• Baby getting mother’s antibodies before birth

and through breast milk.

59. Explain how wbc’s can protect the body against

disease.

Wbc’s produce antibodies and memory cells when a pathogen (antigen) enter the body.

60. Give an example of a process that brings about active immunity.

Person can come into contact with the pathogen (get sick).

A person can get a vaccine.

62.What substances are formed by the human body in response to foreign proteins entering the body?

Antibodies

63. An individual who has had chicken pox rarely gets this disease again.

What type of immunity is represented?

Active Immunity

64. Explain the contents of a vaccine.

Dead or weak PATHOGEN

65.How does a measles vaccine protect a child entering school against the measles?

• Vaccine is injected.• The body makes antibodies

and memory cells. • Antibodies help kill the

pathogen. • Memory cells stay to “remember” the pathogen.

66. Which type of immunity is when your body makes the antibodies after recovering from a disease or getting a vaccination?

Passive Immunity

67. The immune system of humans may respond to chemicals on the surface of an invading organism.

What are these chemicals on the surface called? Explain what will happen once these chemicals enter the body.

• Antigens

• The body will produce antibodies and memory cells.

68. Which substances may form in the human body due to invaders entering the blood?

Antibodies and memory cells.

69. What is an allergy?

70. What occurs when someone experiences an allergic reaction?

An oversensitivity to a HARMLESS substance.

The body makes HISTAMINES.

71. What pathogen causes AIDS?

72. What is the effect of AIDS on the body?

• HIV (virus)

• It weakens the immune system (destroys T- cells) so the body cannot fight pathogens well.

73. Describe cancer.

• Uncontrolled cell growth

• A tumor may form.

74. Which statement best describes what happens when someone receives a vaccination?

1. The ability to fight disease will increase due to antibodies received from the pathogen.

2. The ability to fight disease caused by the pathogen will increase due to antibody production.

3. The ability to produce antibodies will decrease after the vaccination.

4. The ability to resist most types of diseases will increase.

2

75. Which activity is not a function of white blood cells in response to a pathogen?

1. engulfing these bacteria 2. producing antibodies to act against this

type of bacteria 3. preparing for future invasions of this

type of bacteria 4. speeding transmissions of nerve

impulses to detect these bacteria

4

76. The immune system of humans may respond to chemicals on the surface of a pathogen by

1. releasing hormones that break down these chemicals

2. synthesizing antibodies that mark these organisms to be destroyed

3. secreting antibiotics that attach to these organisms

4. altering a DNA sequence in these organisms

2

77. Vaccinations help prepare the body to fight invasions of a specific pathogen by

1. inhibiting antigen production 2. stimulating antibody production 3. inhibiting white blood cell

production 4. stimulating red blood cell

production2

78. Which statement best describes an immune response?

1. It always produces antibiotics. 2. It usually involves the recognition

and destruction of pathogens. 3. It stimulates asexual reproduction

and resistance in pathogens. 4. It releases red blood cells that

destroy parasites.

2

79. Which phrase does not describe a way the human body responds to fight disease?

(1) destruction of infectious agents by white blood cells

(2) production of antibodies by white blood cells

(3) increased production of white blood cells

(4) production of pathogens by white blood cells 4

80. A person with AIDS is likely to develop infectious diseases because the virus that causes AIDS

(1) destroys cancerous cells (2) damages the immune system (3) increases the rate of antibody

production (4) increases the rate of microbe

destruction 2

81.

82.

1

1

83. Part of the body’s first line of defense against disease-causing organisms is

a. the immune system b. the skinc. antibodies d. interferon

b

84. Molecules that are foreign to your body are called

a. antibodies b. white blood cellsc. antigens d. histamines

c

85. In some individuals, the immune system attacks substances that are usually harmless, resulting in

1. an allergic reaction 2. a form of cancer 3. an insulin imbalance 4. a mutation

1

86. Infectious diseases are caused bya. deficiencies in the diet b. Allergiesc. microscopic organisms that can be

transmitted from one organism to another

d. malfunctioning organs

c

87. Which substances may form in the human body due to invaders entering the blood?

a. nutrients  b. vaccines  c. antibodies d. red blood cells

c

88. Resistance to a specific disease is a(n) a. antibiotic.   b. immunity.   c. white blood cells.   d. addiction

89. Once you have had the chicken pox, it is unlikely that you will ever get the disease again because your body has developed a(n)

a. passive immunity.  b. addiction.   c. active immunity.   d. antibiotic.

b

c

90. Immunity that occurs when a body makes its own antibodies is called _________immunity.

a. Passive b. Temporary

c. Shortened d. Active

91. An injection of a weakened virus that allows one to develop immunity against a disease is called a

a. antibody b. vaccine c. epidemic d. pathogen

d

b

92. Which of the following parts of the body's defense system seeks out and destroys bacteria?

a. mucus  b. white blood cells   c. skin   d. red blood cells

b