REVIEW:PLANT VS ANIMAL

CELLS

Cells

•The cell is the building block of all living organisms.•It is the smallest unit of life

•We are made of about 10,000 billion cells.

Cells

•At the beginning all cells within an organism are the same, but as they develop they become specialized.

•Within humans, there are many different types of cells that vary in function

Plant CellAnimal Cell

Animal CellsVacuole

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum

MitochondrionCytoplasm

Nuclear membrane

Animal cells: No regular shapeNo cell wall

Plant Cells

Vacuole

Cell membrane

Nucleus

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondrion

Cytoplasm

Cell wall

Chloroplast

Nuclear membrane

Plant cells:Very geometric shapeLooks like a brick wall

Plant CellAnimal Cell

Vacuole

Nucleus

Cytoplasm

Cell membrane

Endoplasmic Reticulum

Mitochondrion

Cell wallChloroplast

•Structures (organelles) inside the cell:

•Cell Membrane: •flexible barrier which protects the cell, and controls what can enter and exit the cell.

•Cytoplasm: •fluid inside the cell membrane which allows substances to move inside the cell

•Nucleus:•Controls cell’s activities (growth and reproduction) and contains DNA

•Nuclear Membrane: •protects the nucleus and controls exchanges between nucleus and the rest of the cell

•Mitochondria•Where cellular respiration happens →produce energy

•Chloroplasts•Where photosynthesis happens (only in plants)

•Cell Wall:•Provides structure and support (only in plants)

3.1 CHROMOSOMES & GENES

Genetic Material

•What do we mean by genetic material or hereditary information?•What do you know about:•DNA?•Genes?•Chromosomes?

DNA

•DNA stands for Deoxyribonucleic Acid

•DNA is the hereditary information of most organisms:

Hereditary Information

•Is the “code” that will program the different processes that are required for building and maintaining an organism•Reading the code tells the cells and its structures what to do

Hereditary Information

•This information is called hereditary because it is passed down from parents to their offspring

•Examples of hereditary characteristics: eye colour, blood type, height, etc.

Chromosomes & Genes

•Chromosomes: •Structures containing an individual’s genetic code (a complete molecule of DNA). In animal and plant cells, the chromosomes are located in the nucleus.

•Chromosomes form when DNA packs itself up tightly by coiling itself again and again until it is shaped like an X.

Chromosomes & Genes

•Chromosomes: •The number of chromosomes an organism has is specific to its species; different species have different numbers of chromosomes•Humans have 23 pairs (46 chromosomes in total)

•You get half (23) from your mother and the other half from your father

Chromosomes & Genes

Chromosomes contain:

•Genes: •These are chromosome segments that determine specific genetic (hereditary) characteristics. •ex: eye color, skin color, etc.

Chromosomes & Genes

We all have similar genes but minor differences make us all unique.

•There are different variations of genes possible and these can be dominant or recessive.

WORKBOOKp.59-60