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ANEEZ. KIST YEAR MSC. NURSING

EMS CON

VARIABLES; TYPES AND

IDENTIFICATION

DEFINITION OF RESEARCH

Research comprises defining and redefining problems, formulating hypothesis or suggested solutions; collecting, organising and evaluating data; making deductions and reaching conclusions; and at last carefully testing the conclusions to determine whether they fit the formulating hypothesis. Clifford Woody

DEFINITION CONT.…

Research is defined as a systematic and objective analysis and recording of controlled observation that may lead to the development of generalisation of principles, theories, resulting in prediction and possible ultimate control of events.

J.W. Best

DEFINITION CONT.…

Research in its broadest sense is an attempt to gain solution to problem; more precisely it is a collection of data in a rigorously controlled situation for the purpose of prediction or explanations.

- Treece and Treece

DEFINITION OF NURSING RESEARCH

Nursing research is a scientific process that validate and refines exciting knowledge and generate new knowledge that directly and indirectly influences clinical nursing practice.

Burns and Grove, 2005

A systematic inquiry designed to develop knowledge about issues of importance to the nursing profession, including nursing practice, education and administration and informatics.

Polit & Beck, 2005

Nursing research is a way to identify new knowledge, improve professional education and practices and use resources effectively.

International Council of Nurses, 1986

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

Quantitative research is based on the measurement of quantity or amount. It is applicable to phenomena that can be expressed in terms of quantity.

QUANTITATIVE RESEARCH

• Experimental Research

•Non-Experimental Research

EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

In this researchers actively introduce an intervention or treatment. The researcher play an active role by introducing the intervention. Researchers are active agents & not passive observers.

CHARACTERISTICS OF EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

•Manipulation•Control•Randomization

NON EXPERIMENTAL RESEARCH

In Non experimental research researchers are observers- they collect data without intervening.

QUALITATIVE RESEARCH

Qualitative researchers aim to gather an in-depth understanding of human behaviour and the reasons that govern such behaviour. The qualitative method investigates the why and how of decision making, not just what, where, when. Hence, smaller but focused samples are more often used than large samples.

CONCEPTS IN RESEARCH

CONCEPTS IN RESEARCH

CONCEPT QUANTITATIVE TERM

QUALITATIVE TERM

Person contributing Information

SubjectStudy Participants

Study participantInformantKey informant

Person Undertaking the Study

ResearcherInvestigator

ResearcherInvestigator

That which is being investigated

ConceptsConstructsVariables

PhenomenaConcepts

CONCEPTS CONT…CONCEPT QUANTITATIVE TERM QUALITATIVE

TERMSystem of Organizing Concepts

Theory, Theoretical Framework, Conceptual frame work, Conceptual Model

Theory,Conceptual frame work

Information Gathered

Data in Numerical Form

Data in Narrative Descriptions

Connections Between Concepts

Cause-Effect Relationships

Patterns of Association

Logical Reasoning Processes

Deductive Reasoning Inductive Reasoning

BUILDING BLOCKS OF RESEARCH1.Phenomena, Concepts and Constructs

2.Theories and Conceptual Model

3.Data

4.Relationships

5.Variables

6.Operational and Conceptual Definition

VARIABLES

Variables are the levels of abstraction that are measured manipulated or controlled in a study.

- Nancy Burns and Susan K Grove

CLASSIFICATION OF VARIABLES

• Based on the Forms of Presentations

• Based on the Causal Relationships

• Based on the Design of the Study

OTHER CLASSIFICATION

• Research Variables

•Demographic Variables

•Heterogeneous and Homogenous Variables

IDENTIFICATION OF VARIABLES

•Operational Definition

• Conceptual Definition

STATEMENT OF PROBLEM

A study to evaluate the effect of ear plugs and eye masks on quantity of sleep among clients admitted in CCU in EMS Hospital, Perinthalmanna

BIBLIGRAPHY•Nirmala. V.J, Silvia Edison, Suni M.S. “Research methodology in Nursing”. Jaypee publication (2011). Page no.50-52•Denise F. Polit, Cheryl Tatano Beck, “Nursing research generating and assessing evidence for practice”. 11th edition (2011), Wolter Kluwer publication. Page no. 50-58•Nancy Burns and Susan K Gruve. “Understanding nursing research, building an evidenced based practice”. 4th edition (2008). Elsevier publications. Page no.125-130

•Nancy Burns and Susan K Gruve. “The practice of nursing research appraising synthesis and generation of evidences”. 6th edition (2005). Elsevier publication. Page no. 179-179• C.R. Kothari. “Research methodology. Methods and techniques”. Second revised edition. New age international publication. Page no. 34,318• The Advanced Learner’s Dictionary of Current English, Oxford publications, Page no. 1069• L.V. Redman and A.V.H. Mory. “The Romance of Research”.10. Page no. 10

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