Post on 17-May-2015
description
Biosphere Expedition
Reef Check – Musandam 2012
• Occupy less than 0.1% of the marine
environment
• Home to 25% of all marine
biodiversity
Introduction – Coral reefs
• Provide an estimated 4.3 billion €
in goods and services annually
Photo by MacGillivray Freeman Films
Photo by G. Hodgson
Coral reefs – anthropogenic impacts
Photo by G. Hodgson
Hoegh-Guldberg (2005)
Coral reefs - thermal sensitivity
Phase-shifts
Decline in coral
recruitment
Decay in species
abundance
Degradation
of reefs
Arabian Peninsula
• Average temperature fluctuations: < 12ºC to > 36º C
• Hyper-saline environment year round (can reach >45 psu)• High seasonal fluctuations
Arabian Peninsula
Gulf of Oman
• Depth to 200 m (coastal
shelf)• Temperature 22 - 31ºC• Salinity 34 – 36 psu
Arabian Peninsula
Persian Gulf
Musandam Reef Check 2012 The scientific team
Musandam Reef Check 2012 The scientific team
Musandam Reef Check 2012
Significant increase in HC
coverage from
2009 to 2012
F(3,136)=7.312 , p<.005
SUBSTRATE
Mean Plot of HC grouped by Year
Mean Mean±SE
2009 2010 2011 2012
Musandam
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
65
Mea
n %
cov
er o
f HC
Musandam Reef Check 2012
Significant increase in SC
coverage in 2012
F(3,136)= 4.772 , p<.005
SUBSTRATE
Mean Plot of SC grouped by Year
Mean Mean±SE
2009 2010 2011 2012
Musandam
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
Mea
n %
cov
er o
f SC
Musandam Reef Check 2012
Significant decrease in RB
coverage from 2009 to 2012
F(3,136)= 10.435 , p<.001
SUBSTRATE
Mean Plot of RB grouped by Year
Mean Mean±SE
2009 2010 2011 2012
Musandam
4
6
8
10
12
14
16
18
20
22
24
26
Mea
n %
cov
er o
f RB
Musandam Reef Check 2012
FISH
Significant decrease in the
mean number of butterflyfish
from 2010 to 2012
F(3,136)= 4.556 , p<.005
Mean Plot of Butterflyfish m2 grouped by Year
Mean Mean±SE
2009 2010 2011 2012
Musandam
0.05
0.06
0.07
0.08
0.09
0.10
0.11
0.12
0.13
0.14
0.15
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
but
terf
lyfis
h pe
r m
2
Musandam Reef Check 2012 – Faqadar Bay
FISH
Mean Plot of Snapper m2 grouped by Year
Mean Mean±SE
2009 2010 2011 2012
Faqadar Bay
-0.2
0.0
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1.0
1.2
1.4
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
sna
pper
s pe
r m
2
Significant increase in the
mean number of snappers
from 2009 and 2010 to 2012
F(3,20)= 7.914, p<.005
Musandam Reef Check 2012 – Khayl Island
Mean Plot of Grouper m2 grouped by Year
Mean Mean±SE
2009 2010 2011 2012
Khayl Island
-0.002
0.000
0.002
0.004
0.006
0.008
0.010
0.012
0.014
0.016
0.018
0.020
0.022
0.024
0.026
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
gro
uper
s pe
r m
2
FISH
Significant decrease in the
mean number of groupers
from 2009 and 2010 to 2012
F(3,28)= 5.110 , p<.05
Musandam Reef Check 2012 – Eagle Bay
Mean Plot of Butterflyfish m2 grouped by Year
Mean Mean±SE
2009 2010 2011 2012
Eagle Bay
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
0.20
0.22
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
but
terf
lyfis
h pe
r m
2
FISH
Significant decrease in the
mean number of butterflyfish
from 2009 and 2010 to 2012
F(3,28)= 7.6192 , p<.005
Musandam Reef Check 2012 – Ra’s Shuraytar
Mean Plot of Butterflyfish m2 grouped by Year
Mean Mean±SE
2009 2010 2011 2012
Ra's Shuraytar
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
but
terf
lyfis
h pe
r m
2
FISH
Significant increase in the
mean number of butterflyfish
from 2009 and 2010 to 2012
F(3,24)= 5.239 , p<.05
Mean Plot of Pencil urchin m2 grouped by Year
Mean Mean±SE
2009 2010 2011 2012
Musandam
0.00
0.01
0.02
0.03
0.04
0.05
0.06
0.07
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
pen
cil u
rchi
ns p
er m
2
Musandam Reef Check 2012
INVERTEBRATES
Significant decrease in the
mean number of pencil
urchins from 2010 to 2012
F(3,140)= 3.519 , p<.05
Musandam Reef Check 2012 – Faqadar Bay
INVERTEBRATES
Mean Plot of Diadema urchin m2 grouped by Year
Mean Mean±SE
2009 2010 2011 2012
Faqadar Bay
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
1.1
1.2
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
dia
dem
as p
er m
2
Significant increase in the
mean number of diadema
from 2009 to 2012
F(3,24)= 3.649 , p<.05
Musandam Reef Check 2012 – Eagle Bay
Mean Plot of Pencil urchin m2 grouped by Year
Mean Mean±SE
2009 2010 2011 2012
Eagle Bay
-0.02
0.00
0.02
0.04
0.06
0.08
0.10
0.12
0.14
0.16
0.18
Mea
n nu
mbe
r of
pen
cil u
rchi
ns p
er m
2
INVERTEBRATES
Significant decrease in the
mean number of pencil
urchins from 2010 to 2012
F(3,28)= 4.358 , p<.05
Musandam Reef Check 2012 – Summary
Substrate :
Increase in mean percentage cover of HC
Increase in mean percentage cover of SC
Decrease in mean percentage cover of RB
Fish :
x Decrease in the mean number of butterflyfish per m2
Invertebrates :
x Decrease in the mean number of pencil urchins per m2
Musandam Reef Check 2012
THANK YOU!