Post on 04-Jan-2016
Reproduction
Reproductive Terminology
CastrationRemoving the testicles of male animals to
prevent breedingColostrum
The first milk produced after a mammal gives birth that contains antibodies needed for immunity
ConceptionThe time when an egg is fertilized to create new
life
Elastor Castrator
Burdizzo Castrator
Surgical Castration
Reproductive Terminology
EmbryoThe early stage in the development of the fetus
EstrusThe time a female animal is receptive to be
bred, also called heat
FertilizationThe union of sperm and egg
Embryonic Development
Reproductive Terminology
GameteA mature germ cell (sperm or egg) that is
capable of initiating the formation of a new individual by fusion with another gamete
GestationThe time an animal is pregnant
Reproductive Terminology
InseminationThe act of placing sperm in the reproductive
tract of a female
LactationThe period of time that milk is secreted by the
mammary glands
OvulationThe release of a mature ovum by the ovary
Artificial Insemination
Artificial Insemination
Percent of Animals Born Via AI
Reproductive Terminology
ParturitionThe act of giving birth by female mammals
PregnantThe condition in which a female carries unborn
young
ReproductionThe process by which offspring are produced
Breeding Systems
PurebredMating registered male and female of the same
breedAngus x Angus
CrossbreedingMating a male and female of different breeds
Angus x Hereford = crossbred Crossbred x Purebred =crossbredCrossbred x Crossbred= crossbred
Breeding Systems
InbreedingMating closely related animals
Brother X SisterSon x MotherFather x Daughter
LinebreedingBreeding more distant relatives than
inbreeding, can be traced back to one common ancestorCousin X Cousin
Breeding Systems
Grading UpMating purebred males to grade, unregistered
or crossbred females to improve herdYorkshire Boar x Yorkshire/Hampshire Sow
Hybrid VigorSuperior traits come from crossbreeding
causing the offspring to have traits better than either parent
Female Reproductive System
OvaryOrgan that produces eggs and the two female
sex hormones
OvumFemale gamete or reproductive cell; also called
an egg
OviductThe tube that carries the eggs from the ovaries
to the uterus; also called the Fallopian tubesFertilization occurs here
Female Reproductive System
InfundibulumThe funnel-shaped end of the oviduct that is
close to the ovary
Uterine HornThe points where the uterus and the uterine
tubes meet
UterusWhere the fetus grows; also called the womb
Female Reproductive System
CervixThe thick muscular neck of the uterus, which
separates the uterus from the vagina
VaginaThe passage between the cervix and the vulva
Semen is most often deposited here
VulvaThe external opening of the female
reproductive and urinary systems
Female Reproductive System
Embryo develops inside the females bodyGestation periods
Cattle 283 days
Swine114 days
Sheep148 days
Horses336 days
Female Reproductive System-Sow
Uterine Horn
Ovary
Oviduct
InfundibulumUterus
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva
Clitoris
Female Reproductive System-Cow
Uterus
Ovary
Oviduct
Uterine Horn
Bladder
Vulva
Vagina
Rectum
Cervix
Ovary Ovum
Infundibulum
Oviduct
Uterine Horn
Uterus
Cervix
Vagina
Vulva
Bladder
Female Poultry Reproductive System
Left OvaryThe functional organ that produces ovum
Right OvaryThe non-functional organ
YolkThe ovum produced in the left ovary
OviductA five part organ that develops the layers of the
egg
Female Poultry Reproductive System
InfundibulumFertilization occurs here
MagnumThe thick white (albumen) of the egg is
secreted
IsthmusThe two shell membranes are added to the egg
Female Poultry Reproductive System
UterusSecretes the thin white shell and shell pigment
VaginaHolds the egg until it is laid
CloacaEgg passes through
Semen is deposited here
VentEgg passes out of the body
Outside opening of the hen
Female Poultry Reproductive System
Embryo develops outside the females body
Incubation periodsChicken
21 Days
Turkey28 Days
Duck28 Days
Female Poultry Reproductive System
OvaryOvum
Mature Ovum
Infundibulum
Oviduct
Isthmus
Magnum
Uterus
Vagina
Rectum
VentCloaca
Right Ovary
Male Reproductive System
ScrotumThe sac like structure outside the body cavity
that contains the testicles and epididymis
TesticlesOrgans that produce sperm cells
EpididymisA long, coiled tube that is connected to each
testicleSperm matures here
Male Reproductive System
Vas DeferensThe tube that connects the epididymis with the
urethraProvides the passageway for sperm cells
Seminal VesiclesProduces fluid that protects and transports
spermProstate Gland
Produces a fluid that mixes with the seminal fluid
Male Reproductive System
Cowper’s GlandProduces a fluid that moves ahead of the
seminal fluid, cleaning and neutralizing the urethra
Retractor MuscleExtends the penis from the sheath and draws it
back in after copulationSigmoid Flexure
Extends the penis from the sheath for copulation
Male Reproductive System
UrethraTube that connects penis to vas deferens and
bladder Releases seminal fluid and urine
PenisContains the urethra and deposits sperm into the
female reproductive tract
SheathA tubular fold of skin that covers and protects the
penis
Male Reproductive System
Accessory Sex GlandsProduce fluid to protect and carry sperm
Cowper’s GlandProstate GlandSeminal Vesicles
Sperm must be kept at a specific temperature to surviveThe testicles raise and lower from the body
cavity to keep a constant temperature
Male Reproductive System-Bull
Cowper’s Gland
Prostate GlandSeminal Vesicles
Vas Deferens
Penis
Sheath
Epididymus
Testicles
Scrotum
Sigmoid Flexure
Retractor Muscle
Rectum
Bladder
Testicle
Epididymis
ScrotumVas Deferens
Seminal Vesicles
Prostate Gland
Cowper’s Gland
Retractor Muscle
Sigmoid Flexure
Urethra
Penis
Sheath
Male Poultry Reproductive System
TesticlesOrgans that produce sperm cells
Vas DeferensTube that connects the testicles to the cloaca
CloacaContains papilla
PapillaOrgan in the cloacal wall that secretes semen
Male Poultry Reproductive System
The testicles in poultry are located inside the body cavity near the spine
Poultry do not have a penis, instead they have papilla inside the cloaca which secretes semen
Male Poultry Reproductive System
Testicles
Kidneys
Ureters
Vas Deferens
Papilla
Cloaca