Tomi Engel

Renewable Energy Sources ...... for the Urban Transport of the Future

Porto Alegre - 12.2.2008

Tom

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ty Future2010 ... 2020 ... 2030 ... 2040 ... 2050 ... ??

Tom

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Tom

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file:Population_curve.svg Montag, 11. Februar 2008 13:30 Uhr Europe/Berlin

file:///Users/kahuna/Population_curve.svg Page 1

World p

opula

tion,

billions

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

10,000 BC 8000 6000 4000 2000 AD 1 1000 2000

PeopleFood? Water?

Tom

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World p

opula

tion,

billions

0

1

2

3

4

5

6

10,000 BC 8000 6000 4000 2000 AD 1 1000 2000

?82 Million Germans =

46 Million Cars

8 Billion People =

4 Billion Cars

Tom

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Tom

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Tom

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The Timeline of the Oil Age - Trends

Quelle: http://www.raize.ch/Geologie/erdoel/oil.html - Stand 04.2005

Tom

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The Timeline of the Oil Age - Trends

Quelle: http://www.raize.ch/Geologie/erdoel/oil.html - Stand 04.2005

Peak ca. 2008

?

Tom

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The Timeline of the Oil Age - Trends

Quelle: http://www.raize.ch/Geologie/erdoel/oil.html - Stand 04.2005

!

Tom

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National Petroleum Council Report - July 2007

Quelle: Internet - Juli 2007

NATIONAL PETROLEUM COUNCIL

Draft Report

Facing the Hard Truths about Energy

A comprehensive view to 2030 of global oil and natural gas

July 18, 2007

This is a working document solely for the review and use of the participants in the

National Petroleum Council’s Global Oil and Gas Study, and was approved on July 18 by

the members of the National Petroleum Council subject to final editing. A final report

and accompanying CD will be published and available to the public in September.

Tom

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The “Big Picture”

Peak in2008 ± 3

2%Decline

2%Growth

Tom

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The “Big Picture”

At 84 Mb/d the decline of 2% meansthat there will be 1,7 Mb per day less ... every year.

2%Decline

2%Growth

4%?

Tom

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Tom

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Tom

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Fac

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Tom

i Eng

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Fac

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Tom

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Urban Transport ...

Tom

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Urban Transport ... in Times of Peak Oil

Tom

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Tom

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Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks

Tom

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Solare Struktur ... Effiziente Netzwerke

50 -

70%

Ver

lust

durc

h Ab

wär

me

Mobility??

Tom

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Mobility

50 -

70%

Ver

lust

durc

h Ab

wär

me

Tom

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Carbon based fuels

Tom

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Really important!

Carbon based fuels

Tom

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Carbon based fuels

Tom

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Urban TransportNoise, Air Pollution, requires Space, ...

... mainly has to deal with short distances in a well defined environment!

Tom

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Fuel

Mobility Structure

= Supply= Physics

= Demand= Politics

Tom

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Fuel

Mobility Structure

= Supply= Physics

= Demand= Politics

Time

Tom

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an M

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ty Biofuels... some intersting examples

Tom

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Growing Biofuel ... for a Bio-Vehicle

Tom

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Jatropha ... replacing Diesel

! Produces plant oil and fiber

! Grows on non arable "wasteland"

! Water problems ... can start with irrigation

! Toxic ... if not handled properly

Tom

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Ethanol ... replacing Gasoline

! Easy to handle ... it is liquid

! Easy to use ... fits with current engines (FlexFuel)

! Many different processes and many different CO2 balances

! Sugercane is one of the most efficient processes

Tom

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Landuse ... Limits to Biomass Growth?

100 Million Hectares = buy the world 4 Years (... at best)

Amazonia = 400 Million Hectares

25 Million Hectares =Ethanol 1,7 Mb/d = 2% Decline

Tom

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Landuse ... Limits to Biomass Growth!

Water, Soil, Wild Life, Climate change ... ???

Tom

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Algae! Like Plants they "eat" CO2

and Nitrogen

! Not depending on arable land or even soil

! Does not require drinking water

! Can be commercially viable

! Not proven yet (first industrial scale sites under construction)

! Can provide 10(+) time the yield per area

Tom

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Tom

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“Well-to-Wheel” per HectareBiogas

10.000Harvest

(in kWh/ha * a)

Energy demand

(in kWh/100 km)

Number of Cars

(at 15.000 km/a) 1,5 4,3 4,3

40.000 30.000 500.000

46 62 46 15

220Quelle: Eigene Berechnungen

Solar ElectricOily Plants BtL / Ethanol

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“Fuel Strategie of Efficiency”

Tom

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“Fuel Strategie of Efficiency”

... secure ... low emissions ... effizient

Farming City

Biogas Solar ElectricOily Plants

Industry

BtL / Ethanol

Tom

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“Fuel Strategie of Efficiency”

Electricity

Short Range

Biomass

Long Range

Tom

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... must move towards Electricity

Tom

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Public Transport "knows" Electricity

Tom

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Public Transport "knows" Electricity

"Look Ma' ... No Wires!"

Tom

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E-Bikes and Pedelecs ...

more Speed, more Fun, more Users ... less Cars

Tom

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E-Scooters and Solar Charging Stations

50 m2 Solarpanels produce 450 to 900 km "mobility" per day

Tom

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2,86 m

Tom

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2,86 m

Venturi EclecticSeats:! 3

Top Speed:! 50 km/h

Range:! 50 km

Engine:! Solar-Electric

Markte:! Europe

Status:! Production

Tom

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2,65 m

Tom

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2,65 m

Obvio 828ESeats:! 3

Top Speed:! 200 km/h

Range:! 250 km

Engine:! Electric

Market:! BR, US

Status:! Prototyp

Tom

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3,39 m

Tom

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3,39 m

Mitsubishi i-EVSeats:! 4

Top Speed:! 130 km/h

Range:! 160 km

Engine:! Electric

Market:! Japan

Status:! Test Fleet

Tom

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Tom

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Modec LKWPayload:! 2000 kg

Top Speed:! 80 km/h

Range:! min. 160 km

Engine:! Electric

Market:! England

Status:! Production

Tom

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Tom

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"Plug-In" Sprinter Payload:! 1200 kg

Top Speed:! 120 km/h

Range:! 30 EV / 600 km

Engine:! Hybrid

Market:! USA ?

Status:! Test Fleet

Quelle: DaimlerChrysler

Tom

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Tom

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VW Space Up BlueSeats:! 4

Top Speed:! 120 km/h

Range (EV-Mode):! 100 km

Engine:! Plug-In-Hybrid

Market:! -

Status:! Designconcept

Tom

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Tom

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Tom

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Opel FlextremeSeats:! 4

Top Speed:! 160 km/h

Range (EV-Mode):! 60 km

Engine:! Plug-In-Hybrid

Market:! -

Status:! Designconcept

Quelle: General Motors - Opel AG

!Target 201060.000Units

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E-Motor

Battery

Generator

Fuel Tank

Tom

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E-Motor

Battery

Generator

Fuel Tank

Long Range

Short Range

Plug-in Hybrid

Tom

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"Steckdosen"-Hybrid =Plug-in Hybrid

um 1906 - "Lohner-Porsche Mixte"

Tom

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Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks

50 -

70%

Ver

lust

durc

h Ab

wär

me

Mobility??

Tom

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Fac

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Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks

Tom

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Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks

Long term storage: Biomass

Tom

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Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks

!Think

Smart

Grid

Tom

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Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks

!Think

Smart

Grid Vehicle Strategy

Short term storage: Battery

Tom

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Solar Structure ... Efficient Networks

Tom

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Cities ... need to prepare for Peak Oil

Tom

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Fac

haus

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nerg

y in

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an M

obili

ty Biofuels ... only buy us some time... but can solve all special problems

Cities ... need to prepare for Peak Oil

Tom

i Eng

el -

Fac

haus

schu

ss “

Sola

re M

obili

tät”

Rene

wab

le E

nerg

y in

Urb

an M

obili

ty Biofuels ... only buy us some time... but can solve all special problems

Cities ... need to prepare for Peak Oil

Renewable Electricity... is the efficient long term solution

The transition needs to start Today!

Tomi Engel

www.dgs.de

tomi@objectfarm.org