Reading more than ever - englishglobalcom · 5. Skimming to get the main idea Carla Bruni nude...

Reading More Than Ever Key skills for tomorrow’s world

Robin Walker Trinity Trainer, Spain

www.englishglobalcom.com

robin@englishglobalcom.com

Assessing English language since 1938 robin@englishglobalcom.com

Read •  the ISE exam

•  school

•  the internet

•  image captions

•  instructions

•  what’s app

•  Harry Potter

1. Why ‘more than ever’?

Extensive reading (= for pleasure)

1.  Free choice of titles 2.  No dictionaries 3.  No ‘testing’ understanding

www.er-central.com

Narrative versus Expository texts

Expository texts, also known as non-fictional or information texts, present some different comprehension challenges for readers.

… the syntax is often more complex, the

information density is higher in expository texts than in narrative texts (Geva, 2007), and the text also assumes relevant background knowledge.

(Geva & Ramírez, 2015: 21)

Session contents 2.  what happens in reading – skills and strategies

3.  lower-level reading skills

4.  prior / background knowledge

5.  skimming – getting the main ideas

6.  intensive reading – going the detail

7.  vocabulary – breadth and depth

Reading more than ever – key skills for tomorrow’s world

2. The (sub-)skills and strategies of reading

Term Definition 1. skimming a. reading longer texts for pleasure and global understanding

2. scanning b. higher-level skills and strategies to read more efficiently

3. intensive reading c. non-fiction reading material that provides facts

4. extensive reading d. guesses about contents based the title, layout, visuals, etc.

5. inference e. quickly going through a text to find a piece of information

6. top-down f. knowing a word's multiple meanings, its antonyms, etc.

7. prediction g. the different grammatical or semantic relationships

8.metacognitive strategies

h. the ability understand ideas or points of view that are not stated explicitly by the author

9. cohesion i. quickly going through a text to identify the main ideas

10. vocabulary depth j. using the knowledge in our head to understand the text

11. expository text k. focusing on individual words to reach detailed understanding

12. word-level reading skills

l. decoding skills, knowledge of sound-spelling relationships, sight word recognition, the ability to read words fluently

Term Definition 1. skimming i. quickly going through a text to identify the main ideas

2. scanning e. quickly going through a text to find a piece of information

3. intensive reading k. focusing on individual words to reach detailed understanding

4. extensive reading a. reading longer texts for pleasure and global understanding

5. inference

6. top-down

7. prediction

9. cohesion

10. vocabulary depth

11. expository text

5. inference h. the ability understand ideas or points of view that are not stated explicitly by the author

6. top-down j. using the knowledge in our head to understand the text

7. prediction d. guesses about contents based the title, layout, visuals, etc.

b. higher-level skills and strategies that allow us to read more efficiently

9. cohesion

10. vocabulary depth

11. expository text

5. inference h. the ability understand ideas or points of view that are not stated explicitly by the author

6. top-down j. using the knowledge in our head to understand the text

7. prediction d. guesses about contents based the title, layout, visuals, etc.

b. higher-level skills and strategies to read more efficiently

9. cohesion g. the different grammatical or semantic relationships

10. vocabulary depth f. knowing a word's multiple meanings, its antonyms, etc.

11. expository text c. non-fiction reading material that provides facts

l. decoding skills, knowledge of sound-spelling relationships, sight word recognition, the ability to read words fluently

3.   lower-level reading skills

3. Lower–level reading skills

•  decoding skills – skills needed to convert orthographic symbols into meaningful language

•  rules governing the regular correspondence between letters and sounds

•  accurate, fluent reading of frequent words that cannot be decoded because of their irregular spelling (= sight words, e.g. ‘was’, ‘through’, etc.)

•  orthographic depth – how transparent or ‘opaque’ the letter-sound correspondences are

Yamashita, 2013: 53

… lower-level processes inform the operations of higher-level processes; therefore, if the former is slow and laborious and unable to provide quality information to the latter, then passage-level reading comprehension may not be successful.

http://www.readingmatrix.com/files/12-n27et627.pdf

(Geva & Ramírez, 2015: 43)

Across these different studies, a consistent finding is that aspects of word reading skills – including accurate and

fluent word recognition and the ability to decode – make an important contribution to reading comprehension.

Similarly, various components of language comprehension skills – including vocabulary depth and breadth … – make

substantial contributions to L2 reading comprehension.

Some researchers claim that a reader needs to know at least 95% of the words on a page to read a text instructionally ...

Vasantha Dhanapala & Yamada. http://www.readingmatrix.com/files/12-n27et627.pdf

evaluating author position

elaborating inferences

identifying text structure

prediction of contents

activating & applying background knowledge

syntactic parsing

accessing lexical meaning

sight word recognition

letter and word decoding

higher-level reading skills

lower-level reading skills

(word reading fluency)

(text reading fluency)

4.   prior / background knowledge

4. Background knowledge and reading comprehension

•  hocked gems •  our hero •  an egg not a table •  three sturdy sisters •  turbulent peaks and valleys •  rumours about the edge • welcome winged creatures

4. Background knowledge and reading comprehension

5.   skimming – getting the main ideas

5. Skimming to get the main idea

Carla Bruni nude picture auctioned at Christie's

A nude photo of the French First Lady Carla Bruni has been put up for auction at Christie's New York, just hours ahead of her and her husband President Nicolas Sarkozy's state visit to Britain.

The image, by photographer Michel Comte, shows a younger Miss Bruni facing the camera wearing no more than a thoughtful expression, her hands crossed at waist height to cover her modesty. It is expected to fetch around £2,000 when it goes under the hammer on April 10. The couple are to arrive in the UK on Wednesday for the start of their two-day state visit, and will be meeting the Queen and the Prime Minister, Gordon Brown. Mr Sarkozy has faced criticism that his flashy, Rolex-wearing image belies a lack of substance, and he had hoped that the visit would add some much-needed gravitas to his public persona. Meanwhile Mr Sarkozy is said to be concerned about his English-speaking ability ahead of his visit. While the Italian Miss Bruni, who has also appeared naked in the pages of this month's GQ magazine, is fluent in both French and English as well as her native tongue, Mr Sarkozy is rarely heard to speak English in public.

(5) (2) (4) (6) (3)

Task 1: Long reading

Q1-5 Title matching Understand main

idea of a paragraph

Revised ISE: Reading

Task 2: Multi-text reading

Revised ISE: Reading

Task 2 Q11-16 Multi-text reading Understand main

idea of a short text

1.  Match titles to short texts.

2.  Match headings to paragraphs.

3.  Jigsaw reading (Carla Bruni)

4.  Read a text / paragraph and suggest a title / heading

6.   intensive reading – going the detail

6. Intensive reading

Intensive reading is the close study of a text in order to extract the full meaning of all its parts: words, groups of words, syntax, cohesion, etc. Intensive reading is appropriate where the aim is to study language.

EPER Guide, 1992: 9

Intensive reading is also appropriate where the aim is to grapple with, for example, dense arguments, difficult propositions, etc. Outside the classroom, such texts are found in instruction manuals, textbooks, and articles in learned journals.

EPER Guide, 1992: 9

Task 1: Long reading Q6-10 Select true statements Understand

specific information at sentence level

Q11-15 Gap fill Understand

factual information at

word/ phrase level

Q21-25 Selecting true statements

Understand specific information at sentence level

Q26-30 Completing summary notes

Understand factual information at word or

phrase level across texts.

1.  Jigsaw reading.

2.  True/ False or Multiple choice.

3.  Identify true statements

4.  Gap fill / Cloze.

5.  Note-taking on a thread

Skimming is the process of reading the headings and __(1)__ sampling the text of each paragraph in order to __(2)__ the gist of the contents. Probably less than __(3)__ % of the text is read and the __(4)__is to get a broad outline of the __(5)__ and to find out which passages need careful __(6)__ . It is most widely used in ordinary life when reading __(7)__ . Scanning on the other hand is the __(8)__ of looking down the pages of a __(9)__ for a specific word, phrase or figure. __(10)__ any of the text is actually read.

Gap-fill / Cloze

(1) – rapidly / quickly (2) – get / obtain (3) – five (4) – purpose / aim (5) – contents / text (6) – reading / study (7) – newspapers (8) – skill / strategy / process (9) – document / text / article (10) – hardly

Gap-fill / Cloze

7.   vocabulary – breadth and depth

7. Dealing with vocabulary

droogs – rossoodocks –

flip – mesto – skorry –

vesches – moloko –

peet – velocet – morzg –

friends minds really / very cafeteria / bar quickly drugs non-alcoholic drink modify / adulterate a type of drug brain / skull

1. Nonsense words in place of problem vocabulary

2. Offer multiple-choice options for key problem words

3. Ignoring problem words

4. Practice in using the context to guess meanings

5. Practice analysing problem words linguistically

6. Does the word look like a Spanish word? (Beware of false friends!)

4. Practice in using the context to guess meanings

5. Practice analysing problem words linguistically

6. Does the word look like a Spanish word?

limba / este / din / Şi / al cincea/ vorbitori / urma

8. TALO, TAVI, TASP

Reading More Than Ever Key skills for tomorrow’s world

Robin Walker Trinity Trainer, Spain

www.englishglobalcom.com

robin@englishglobalcom.com

Reading more than ever - englishglobalcom · 5. Skimming to get the main idea Carla Bruni nude...

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