Reactions of Metals

Metal Reactions

Metal + acid

Metal + oxygenMetal + water

Metal + acid When a metal reacts with acid, the following reaction

takes place:

metal + acid metal salt + hydrogen gas

A metal salt and hydrogen gas are always produced

For example:

magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas

What is the symbol equation for this reaction?

Metal + acid When a metal reacts with acid, the following reaction

takes place:

metal + acid metal salt + hydrogen gas

A metal salt and hydrogen gas are always produced

For example:

magnesium + hydrochloric acid magnesium chloride + hydrogen gas

Mg + HCl MgCl2 + H2

Examples to try

Metal + oxygen

Metal + water Balancing

equations

Metal + oxygen When a metal reacts with oxygen, the following reaction takes place:

metal + oxygen metal oxide

A metal oxide is always produced

For example:

magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide

What is the symbol equation for this reaction?

Metal + oxygen When a metal reacts with oxygen, the following reaction takes place:

metal + oxygen metal oxide

A metal oxide is always produced

For example:

magnesium + oxygen magnesium oxide

Mg + O2 MgO

Examples to try

Metal + acid

Metal + water

Balancing equations

Metal + water When a metal reacts with water, the following reaction takes place:

metal + water metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas

A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas is always produced

For example:

calcium + water calcium hydroxide + hydrogen

What is the symbol equation for this reaction?

Metal + water When a metal reacts with water, the following reaction takes place:

metal + water metal hydroxide + hydrogen gas

A metal hydroxide and hydrogen gas is always produced

For example:

calcium + water calcium hydroxide + hydrogen

Ca + H2O Ca(OH)2 + H2

Examples to try

Metal + acid

Metal + oxygen

Balancing equations

Balancing Equations When you balance an equation, you are making sure

that

number of each atom = number of that atom on the on left hand side right hand side

For example:Mg + HCl MgCl2 + H2

One Mg on leftOne Mg on right

Mg is balanced

One H on left2 H on right

Balance the H on left

2

H is balanced

Two Cl on left Two Cl on right

Cl is balanced Final check – OK

TRY SOME EXAMPLES FOR YOURSELF….

Try balancing these equations… 1. Mg + O2 MgO

2. Cu(II) + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2

3. K + H2O KOH + H2

4. Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2

5. Na + O2 Na2O

1. SOLUTION

2. SOLUTION

3. SOLUTION

4. SOLUTION

5. SOLUTION

Mg + O2 MgO

Mg + O2 MgO

One Mg on left One O on rightOne Mg on right2 O on left

Mg is balancedBalance O on the right

2

Now check the Mg again…

One Mg on left2 Mg on right

Balance the Mg on the left

2

Final check – OK

Cu(II) + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2

Cu(II) + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2

One Cu on right

Cu is balanced

One Cu on left

2

One H on left 2 H on right

Balance H on the leftH is balanced

2 N on left 2 N on right

N is balanced

6 O on left 6 O on right

O is balanced

Final check – OK

K + H2O KOH + H2

K + H2O KOH + H2

One K on left One K on right

K is balanced

2 H on left 3 H on right

Balance H on left

2

4 H on left 3 H on right

Balance H on right

2

H is balanced

One K on left 2 K on right

Balance K on left

2

K is balanced

2 O on left

2 O on right

O is balanced

Final check – OK

Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2

Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2

One Al on left 2 Al on right

Balance Al on left

2

Al is balanced

2 H on left 2 H on right

H is balanced

One S on left 3 S on right

Balance S on left

3

S is balanced

6 H on left 2 H on left

Balance H on right

3

H is balanced

12 O on left 12 O on right

O is balanced

Final check – OK

Na + O2 Na2O

Na + O2 Na2O

One Na on left 2 Na on right

Balance Na on left

2

Na is balanced

2 O on left One O on right

Balance O on right

2

O is balanced

2 Na on left 4 Na on right

Balance Na on left

4

Na is balanced

Final check – OK

Metal + water examplesWhich of the following equations are written correctly??

1. Mg + H2O Mg(OH)2 + H2

2. Fe(III) + H2O Fe2(OH)3 + H2

3. Zn + H2O ZnOH + H2

4. Na + H2O Na(OH)3 + H2

5. K + H2O KOH + H2

Need to check a table of ions??

TRUE FALSE

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

TRUE

FALSE

FALSE

FALSE

FALSE

Excellent, well done!!

Not quite, have another try…

Metal + oxygen examplesDetermine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below:

1. copper(II) + oxygen

2. aluminium + oxygen

3. zinc + oxygen

4. sodium + oxygen

5. iron(II) + oxygen

Metal + oxygen examplesDetermine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below:

1. copper(II) + oxygen

Cu + O2 CuCC

Cu + O CuC

Cu + O2 CuC

Cu + O2 CuCC

Need to check a table of ions??

Metal + oxygen examplesDetermine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below:

2. aluminium + oxygen Al + O ClC

Al + O2 ClCC

Al + O2 ClCCC

Al + O2 ClCCC

Need to check a table of ions??

Metal + oxygen examplesDetermine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below:

3. zinc + oxygen Zn + CO2 nCCZ C

Zn + O2 nCZ

Zn + O2 nZ CCC

Zn + O2 nZ CC

Need to check a table of ions??

Metal + oxygen examplesDetermine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below:

4. sodium + oxygen

Na + O2 NaCC

Na + O N Ca

Na + O2 N CCa

Na + O3 N CaC

Need to check a table of ions??

Metal + oxygen examplesDetermine the product and write a chemical equation for the word equation below:

5. iron(II) + oxygen

Fe + O2 FeCCC

Fe + O2 CFe

Fe + O2 FeCCC

Fe + O2 CFeC

Need to check a table of ions??

Correct!!

Oops, wrong answer, try again

Writing ionic equations To write an ionic equation, you will need a table of ions You need to balance the charge on the positive (+) ion

with the charge on the negative (–) ion

For example:magnesium chloride is made up of Mg2+ ions and Cl- ions

Cl-

To balance the charges, you need 2 x Cl- ions

Cl-

Mg2+

Therefore the equation is Mg Cl Cl

Which is written as MgCl2Some examples to try….

Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

1. magnesium + sufuric acid

2. copper(II) + nitric acid

3. iron (II) + ethanoic acid

4. silver + nitric acid

5. sodium + hydrochloric acid

6. potassium + hydrochloric acid

7. aluminium + sufuric acid

8. aluminium + nitric acid

1. Need help with the products?

2. Need help with the products?

3. Need help with the products?

4. Need help with the products?

5. Need help with the products?

6. Need help with the products?

7. Need help with the products?

8. Need help with the products?

Answer

Answer

Answer

Answer

Answer

Answer

Answer

Answer

Metal + acid examples (1)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

1. magnesium + sufuric acid magnesium sulfate + hydrogen gas

Now write the symbol equation

Need to check a table of ions??

Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

1. magnesium + sufuric acid magnesium sulfate + hydrogen gas

Mg + H2SO4 MgSO4 + H2

Metal + acid examples (2)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

2. copper(II) + nitric acid copper nitrate + hydrogen gas

Now write the symbol equation

Need to check a table of ions??

Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

2. copper(II) + nitric acid copper nitrate + hydrogen gas

Cu + HNO3 Cu(NO3)2 + H2

Metal + acid examples (3)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

3. iron (II) + ethanoic acid iron ethanoate + hydrogen gas

Now write the symbol equation

Need to check a table of ions??

Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

3. iron (II) + ethanoic acid iron ethanoate + hydrogen gas

Fe + CH3COOH Fe(CH3COO)2 + H2

Metal + acid examples (4)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

4. silver + nitric acid silver nitrate + hydrogen gas

Now write the symbol equation

Need to check a table of ions??

Metal + acid examples Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

4. silver + nitric acid silver nitrate + hydrogen gas

Ag + HNO3 Ag2NO3 + H2

Metal + acid examples (5)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

5. sodium + hydrochloric acid sodium chloride + hydrogen gas

Now write the symbol equation

Need to check a table of ions??

Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

5. sodium + hydrochloric acid sodium chloride + hydrogen gas

Na + HCl NaCl + H2

Metal + acid examples (6)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

6. potassium + hydrochloric acid potassium chloride + hydrogen gas

Now write the symbol equation

Need to check a table of ions??

Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

6. potassium + hydrochloric acid potassium chloride + hydrogen gas

K + HCl KCl + H2

Metal + acid examples (7)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

7. aluminium + sufuric acid aluminium sulfate + hydrogen gas

Now write the symbol equationNeed to check a table of ions??

Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

7. aluminium + sufuric acid aluminium sulfate + hydrogen gas

Al + H2SO4 Al2(SO4)3 + H2

Metal + acid examples (8)Determine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

8. aluminium + nitric acid aluminium nitrate + hydrogen gas

Now write the symbol equation

Need to check a table of ions??

Metal + acid examplesDetermine the products and write a chemical equation for the word equations below:

8. aluminium + nitric acid aluminium nitrate + hydrogen gas

Al + HNO3 Al(NO3)3 + H2

Ionic equation examples….Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!

1. magnesium oxide

2. copper(II) sulfate

3. potassium sulfate

4. silver nitrate

5. calcium hydroxide

6. aluminium chloride

7. aluminium nitrate

8. iron(II) hydrogen carbonate

Need to check a table of ions??

Ionic equation examples (1)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!

1. magnesium oxide

Ionic equation is: MgO

O2-Mg2+

Ionic equation examples (1)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!

1. magnesium oxide

Ionic equation is: MgO

O2-Mg2+

Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!

2. copper(II) sulfate

Ionic equation is: CuSO4

Ionic equation examples (2)

SO42-Cu2+

Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!

3. potassium sulfate

Ionic equation is: K2SO4

K+

Ionic equation examples (3)

K+

SO42-

Ionic equation examples (4)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!

4. silver nitrate

Ionic equation is: AgNO3

NO3-Ag+

Ionic equation examples (5)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!

5. calcium hydroxide

Ionic equation is: Ca(OH)2

OH-

Ca2+

OH-

Ionic equation examples (5)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!

5. calcium hydroxide

Ionic equation is: Ca(OH)2

OH-

Ca2+

OH-

Ionic equation examples (6)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!

6. aluminium chloride

Ionic equation is: AlCl3

Cl-

Al3+

Cl- Cl-

Ionic equation examples (7)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!

Ionic equation is: Al(NO3)3

7. aluminium nitrate

NO3-

Al3+

NO3- NO3

-

Ionic equation examples (8)Write each of the following chemicals using symbols:Remember to balance your positive (+) and negative (-) ions!!!

Ionic equation is: Fe(HCO3)2

8. iron(II) hydrogen carbonate

HCO3-

Fe2+

HCO3-

Table of ionsPositive ionsPositive ions Negative ions Negative ions

+1+1 +2+2 +3+3 -1-1 -2-2

Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2-

K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42-

Ag+ Zn2+ NO3-

Cu2+ HCO3-

Sn2+ (tin)

Pb2+ (lead)

Fe2+

Table of ionsPositive ionsPositive ions Negative ions Negative ions

+1+1 +2+2 +3+3 -1-1 -2-2

Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2-

K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42-

Ag+ Zn2+ NO3-

Cu2+ HCO3-

Sn2+ (tin)

Pb2+ (lead)

Fe2+

Table of ionsPositive ionsPositive ions Negative ions Negative ions

+1+1 +2+2 +3+3 -1-1 -2-2

Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2-

K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42-

Ag+ Zn2+ NO3-

Cu2+ HCO3-

Sn2+ (tin)

Pb2+ (lead)

Fe2+

Table of ions

Positive ionsPositive ions Negative ions Negative ions

+1+1 +2+2 +3+3 -1-1 -2-2

Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2-

K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42-

Ag+ Zn2+ NO3-

Cu2+ HCO3-

Sn2+ (tin)

Pb2+ (lead)

Fe2+

Table of ions

Positive ionsPositive ions Negative ions Negative ions

+1+1 +2+2 +3+3 -1-1 -2-2

Na+ Mg2+ Al3+ Cl- O2-

K+ Ca2+ Fe3+ OH- SO42-

Ag+ Zn2+ NO3-

Cu2+ HCO3-

Sn2+ (tin)

Pb2+ (lead)

Fe2+

Common Acids

Common Acids that need to be remembered are:

hydrochloric acid HCl produces a chloride salt

sulfuric acid H2SO4 produces a sulfate salt

nitric acid HNO3 produces a nitrate salt

ethanoic acid CH3COOH produces an ethanoate salt