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RCC BRIDGE AND CULVERT DESIGN

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i

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

I am extremely thankful to Dr. Katta Venkataraman,  Professor & Head,

Department of Civil Engineering, National Institute of Technology, Karnataka for giving

me the opportunity to undergo internship training at Larsen & Toubro, Chennai.

My special thanks to Dr. K. Swaminathan, Professor of the Civil Engineering

Department for all his help and guidance.

I would like to express my deepest sense of respect and indebtedness to my

Internship Supervisor, Mr. Sadasivam V. and Mrs. Nisha K.C., EDRC-Transportation

IC, Larsen & Toubro, Chennai, for their consistent support, guidance, encouragement and

advice during the project.

I owe my wholehearted thanks to Mr. Lingarajan K., who has been my Internship

Mentor for taking time out of his busy schedule for my doubts and clarifications. I also

thank the entire staff of the company for their cooperation and assistance during the course

of my project.

I hope that I can build upon the experience and knowledge that I have gained and

make a valuable contribution towards this industry in the coming future.

 

CONTENTS

ACKNOWLEDGEMENT…………………………………….…………………………. i

CONTENTS……………………………………………………………………………... ii

CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION

1.1 BRIDGES……………………………………………………………...………….1 

1.2 CULVERT……………………………………………………………… .…….….1

1.3 LOADS AND STRESSES………………………………………………………. ..2

1.4 VEHICLE CLASSIFICATIONS……………………………………………….....2

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1.4 VEHICLE CLASSIFICATIONS……………………………………………….....2

CHAPTER 2: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SUBSTRUCTURE

2.1 DETAILS OF THE STRUCTURE …………………………………………….…4

2.1.1 Determination of Permissible Stresses…………………………………….…6

2.2 CALCULATION OF LOADS AND MOMENTS………………………………...7

2.2.1 Dead Load Analysis……………………………………………………….....7

2.2.2 Live Load Analysis………………………………………………….….........8 

2.2.3 Calculation of Longitudinal Forces ………………………………………....9

2.2.4 Bearings……………..……………………………………………….............9

2.2.4.1 Fixed Bearing………………………………………………….…10

2.2.4.3 Free Bearing……………………………………………………...10

2.2.5 Wind Forces …………………………………………………………….….10

2.2.6 Seismic Forces……………………………………………………………. ..11

2.2.7 Load Combinations…………………………………………………...……12

2.3 PIER DESIGN………...……………………………………………………….…13

2.3.1 Design of Pier Cap ……………………………………………………..…..14

2.3.2 Design of Footing ………………...……………………………………..…15

CHAPTER 3: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF SUPERSTRUCTURE

3.1 SECTION PROPERTIES……………………………………………………… ...17

3.2 LOAD ANALYSIS…………………………………………………………...….18

3.2.1 Live Load Positions……………………………………………………… ...18

3.2.2 Load Summary……………………………………………..…………........20

3.2.3 Load Combinations…………………………………………...…………....20

 

iii

3.3 GIRDER DESIGN……………………………………………………………….20 

3.4 SHEAR CONNECTOR DESIGN…………………………………………...…...21 

3.5 DIFFERENTIAL SHRINKAGE STRESS……………………………………….21 

3.6 DIAPHRAGM DESIGN……………………………………………………...….22

CHAPTER 4: ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF BOX CULVERT

4.1 DETAILS OF THE STRUCTURE..……………………………………………...25

4.2 MODELLING OF THE STRUCTURE………………………………………......25

4.3 LOAD CALCULATIONS…………………………………………………...…..25

4.3.1 Dead Load……………………………………………………………….....25

4.3.2 Live Load…………………………………………………………………..26

4.3.3 Load Combinations…………………………………………………...……28

4.4 DESIGN OF BOX SECTION……………………………………………………29

4.4.1 Design for Flexure………………………………………………………….29

4.4.2 Design for Shear……………………………………………………………31

REFERENCES ………………………………………………………………… ..……..32

ANNEXURE 1 : SAMPLE DESIGN OF SUB-STRUCTURE

ANNEXURE 2 : SAMPLE DESIGN OF SUPER-STRUCTURE

Report Work

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1 

1. INTRODUCTION

This internship was carried out at Larsen & Toubro , EDRC, Transportation IC , with the

objective of gaining first-hand knowledge about the technical practices in a structural

design office, office ethics and corporate lifestyle. L & T Transportation In fr astructure  

handles major roadway projects which includes National and State Highways all around

India and associated structures like flyovers, Vehicle Underpass (VUP), Pedestrian

Underpass (PUP), Rail Over Bridge (ROB), major & minor bridges and cross-drainage

works like culverts. The structural design wing of this department handles these structures

of all Infrastructure Projects. The design of the VUP Sub-structure & Super-structure and

 box culvert included in this internship report are designed based on the Working Stress

Method as per the design codes published by The Indian Roads Congress. 

1.1 BRIDGES

A bridge is a structure having a total length above 6m between the inner face of the dirt

walls for carrying traffic or other moving loads over a depression or obstruction such as

channel, road or railway. They are classified as minor or major bridges as per the criteria

given below:

  Minor Bridges –  Span greater than 6m upto 60m

  Major Bridges –  Span greater than 60m

1.2 CULVERT

A culvert is a cross-drainage structure having a total length of 6m or less between the inner

faces of the dirt wall or extreme vent-way boundaries measured at right angles thereto.

The types of culverts are:

  Box Culvert

  Pipe Culvert

  RCC Solid Slab Culvert

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