Post on 14-Dec-2015
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Diffusion and OsmosisDiffusion and Osmosis
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TABLE OF CONTENTSTABLE OF CONTENTS
DiffusionDiffusion
OsmosisOsmosis
Living Cell OsmosisLiving Cell Osmosis
Diffusion and OsmosisDiffusion and Osmosis
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DIFFUSIONDIFFUSION
Dialysis EquipmentDialysis Equipment
Equipment Set UpEquipment Set Up
ResultsResults
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Diffusion (Dialysis Equipment)Diffusion (Dialysis Equipment)
pipetpipetclosuresclosures
glass dishglass dish
glucose test strips glucose test strips
dialysis tubingdialysis tubing
Diffusion and OsmosisDiffusion and Osmosis
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Starch GlucoseWater
Initially, the dialysis tubing is filled with a super saturated glucose + starch solution
Initially, the dialysis tubing is filled with a super saturated glucose + starch solution
continue animation continue animation
dialysis tubing dialysis tubing
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Starch GlucoseWater
The filled dialysis tubing is placed in a dish with a solution of iodine and water
The filled dialysis tubing is placed in a dish with a solution of iodine and water
continue animation continue animation
WaterIodine
The dialysis tubing membrane is selectively permeableThe dialysis tubing membrane is selectively permeable
Diffusion and OsmosisDiffusion and Osmosis
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Diffusion (Equipment Set Up)Diffusion (Equipment Set Up)
iodine and waterstarch, glucose and waterstarch, glucose and water
DIALYSIS TUBINGDIALYSIS TUBING
Diffusion and OsmosisDiffusion and Osmosis
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In DIFFUSION, particles travel from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration
In DIFFUSION, particles travel from an area of high concentration to an
area of low concentration
As particles migrate through a membrane in this way, movement is
described to be traveling “down a concentration gradient”
As particles migrate through a membrane in this way, movement is
described to be traveling “down a concentration gradient”
Diffusion and OsmosisDiffusion and Osmosis
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When particles migrate through a selectively permeable membraneWhen particles migrate through a selectively permeable membrane
some particles are able to pass through but not otherssome particles are able to
pass through but not others
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Starch GlucoseWater
There is a GLUCOSE gradient across the membrane
continue animation continue animation
WaterIodine
GLUCOSE molecules fit through the membrane and travel “down a concentration gradient” to the outside of the
dialysis tubing … testing indicates GLUCOSE now in dish
NONE
HIGH
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Starch GlucoseWater
There is a IODINE gradient across the membrane
continue animation continue animation
WaterIodine
IODINE molecules fit through the membrane and travel “down a concentration gradient” to the inside of the dialysis tubing … testing
indicates IODINE now in dialysis tubing as Starch turns PURPLE
NONE
HIGH
Diffusion and OsmosisDiffusion and Osmosis
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Starch GlucoseWater
There is a STARCH gradient across the membrane
continue animation continue animation
WaterIodine
However, STARCH molecules cannot fit through the dialysis tubing membrane … water in dish is not PURPLE
NONE
HIGH
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StarchGlucose
Water
There is a WATER gradient across the membrane
continue animation continue animation
WaterIodine
WATER molecules fit through the membrane and travel “down a concentration gradient” to the inside of the dialysis
tubing … dialysis tubing is much fuller than before
LOW
HIGH
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Diffusion (Results)Diffusion (Results)
dialysis tubing in iodine and waterdialysis tubing in iodine and water
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OSMOSISOSMOSIS
Osmometer EquipmentOsmometer Equipment
Equipment Set UpEquipment Set Up
ResultsResults
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OSMOSIS (Osmometer Equipment)
pipetpipet
covercover
strawstraw
cupcup
bellbell
animal disc membraneanimal disc membrane
rubber band
rubber band
Diffusion and OsmosisDiffusion and Osmosis
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ASSEMBLING THE OSMOMETER ASSEMBLING THE OSMOMETER
cup with lid
straw inserted into
narrow end of bell
bell opened at both
endsselectively permeable membrane
stretched across wide end of bell continue
animationcontinue
animation
Diffusion and OsmosisDiffusion and Osmosis
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FILLING THE OSMOMETER FILLING THE OSMOMETER
The cup is filled
one half full of water
The bell is filled with a super saturated
lactose solution
(lactose and water) The solution is dyed
to make it visible in
the bell
The position of the
solution in the bell is
marked
continue animationcontinue
animation
Diffusion and OsmosisDiffusion and Osmosis
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A super saturated solution has a relatively low water
concentration because of a VERY HIGH
solute concentration
A super saturated solution has a relatively low water
concentration because of a VERY HIGH
solute concentration
The osmometer solution has a large amount of lactose solute dissolved in a small amount of
water
The osmometer solution has a large amount of lactose solute dissolved in a small amount of
water
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The osmometer is assembledThe osmometer is assembled
continue animationcontinue
animation
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Osmosis (Equipment Set Up)Osmosis (Equipment Set Up)
waterwatersuper saturated lactose and water solution
super saturated lactose and water solution
fluid levelfluid level
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OSMOMETEROSMOMETERDiffusion of water takes place
through the membrane. Water is pulled from an
area of high
concentration (in the cup)
to an area of low
concentration (in the bell)
continue animationcontinue
animation
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OSMOMETEROSMOMETERAs water diffuses
through the membrane
“down the gradient”
from the cup into the bell
the overall fluid level
rises up the straw
continue animationcontinue
animation
Diffusion and OsmosisDiffusion and Osmosis
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OSMOMETEROSMOMETERThe membrane is selectively
permeable
the lactose solute
particles because of their larger
size
are prevented
from migrating
through the membrane
and rise up the straw
along with the water continue
animationcontinue
animation
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Osmosis (Results)Osmosis (Results)
fluid levelfluid level
water is pulled in throughselectively permeable membrane
water is pulled in throughselectively permeable membrane
osmometer solution rises up the strawosmometer solution rises up the straw
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LIVING CELL OSMOSISLIVING CELL OSMOSIS
Elodea Before NaCl Application 400xElodea Before NaCl Application 400x
Elodea Before NaCl Application 1000xElodea Before NaCl Application 1000x
Elodea After NaCl Application 400xElodea After NaCl Application 400x
Elodea After NaCl Application 1000xElodea After NaCl Application 1000x
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Elodea Before NaCl Application 400xElodea Before NaCl Application 400x
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Elodea Before NaCl Application 1000x
Elodea Before NaCl Application 1000x
cell wallcell wall
cell membrane cell membrane
chloroplastschloroplasts
continue animation continue animation
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The cell is initially in an isotonic solution
Water within the cell keeps the cell membrane against the
cell wall
100% water100% water
100% water100% water
100% water100% water
Chloroplasts are evenly spread throughout the cytoplasm
continue animationcontinue
animation
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Elodea 1000x
Elodea 1000x
continue animation continue animation
The cell is placed in a hypertonic
salt solution
The cell is placed in a hypertonic
salt solution
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When the cell is placed in a hypertonic solution
100% water100% water
continue animationcontinue
animation
there is a salt gradient across the cell wall and membrane
Water goes “down the gradient” from a high water concentration inside of the cell ...
to a low water concentration outside of the cell
90% water90%
water90%
water90%
water
10% salt10% salt
10% salt10% salt
Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
waterwater
waterwater
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Elodea After NaCl Application 400xElodea After NaCl Application 400x
continue animation continue animation
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The rigid cell wall is porous and remains intact ... but without water inside of the cell,
the cell membrane is pulled from the cell wall
continue animationcontinue
animation
Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
waterwater
water water
Hypertonic Solution
Hypertonic Solution
Chloroplasts are draw in with the cell membrane and collect in the
middle of the cell
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Elodea After NaCl Application 1000xElodea After NaCl Application 1000x
chloroplastschloroplasts
cell wallcell wall
cell membranecell membrane
Water is pulled out of cell through the cell wall into
hypertonic
solution
Water is pulled out of cell through the cell wall into
hypertonic
solution
The cell membrane crenates pulling
chloroplasts into a small bunch
The cell membrane crenates pulling
chloroplasts into a small bunch
The cell membrane
separates from the cell wall
The cell membrane
separates from the cell wall
EndEnd
Diffusion and OsmosisDiffusion and Osmosis