Post on 08-Jan-2016
description
QoS Management & Traffic Engineering for IP Networks
Taesang Choi2001. 5. 24.
Internet Technology DepartmentETRI
KNOM2001 2
Topics
QoS Management & TE Challenges QoS Management & TE in Papers QoS & TE Features in Devices QoS Management & TE in Action Summary Q&A
QoS Management & TE Challenges
KNOM2001 4
QoS Management Challenges
QoS Demand
No16%
Yes84%
YesNo
No44%
Yes56%
YesNo
WAN LAN
Courtesy: Forrester, 8.98., Fortune1000 Companies
KNOM2001 5
IP Application TaxonomyInteractive Stream- Distance
learning- Multi-Player
gamesInteractive Burst- Chat (IRC)- Resource
discovery- Shared editing
Isochronous Stream- A/V
Conferencing- Distributed
simulation- Real-time
modeling
Mission-CriticalStream- Distributed
process
Mission-CriticalBurst- Auction
Asynchronous Burst- News- Session
announcement
Interactive Stream- Thin client- X-windows
Interactive Burst- Web browsing- Resource Sharing- Database access
- POS transactions- Remote login- Chat (text-based)
Isochronous Stream- Telephone
Isochronous Burst
- Database updates
Mission-CriticalStream- Telemedicine- Remote control
Mission-CriticalBurst- Financial X-
actions
Asynchronous Burst- E-mail- File Transfer- Push Media
SynchronousStream- Streaming media- Data collection- Push media
Isochronous Stream- Data collection- Process
monitoring- Push media
Mission-CriticalStream- Data collection- Process
monitoring- Push media
Muti-Way(many-to-manybidirectional)
Two-Way(one-to-one
bidirectional)
One-Way(one-to-one orone-to-many
unidirectional)
Delay Tolerant Delay Intolerant
Best Effort Service Controlled Load Guaranteed
- Real-time Multimedia- Transaction Processing- Elastic or Bulk Transfer
Traffic
KNOM2001 6
IP Nets: Enterprises
Central Site
Remote Office
Remote Location: High-speed FR sites
Remote Location: Low-speed FR sites
Remote Locations: High-speed Leased Line sites
Remote Locations: Low-speed Leased Line sites
E-commercesite
ExtranetIDC
Intranet
Internet
T3
10MbpsEthernet
100MbpsEthernet
10MbpsEthernet
10MbpsEthernet
100Mbps – 1GbpsEthernet
Campus Net & NOC
Remote Office
IP VPN- Low to High speed Intra Nets- Heterogeneous net environ: intra, extra, VPN,
etc.- Heterogeneous app environ: simple ~ mission
critical- Increased QoS Management requirement
KNOM2001 7
IP Nets: Service Providers
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
POP
-IP over Frame Relay-IP over ATM-IP over SONET-IP over (D)WDM-IP over DiffServ-IP over MPLS-T3 ~ OC768-Billing & Service Mgmt-Strong QoS & TE requirements
KNOM2001 8
QoS Management Challenges
To limit the amount of BW for web during the day but be flexible enough to impose fewer limits during off-hours
To ensure that file transfers don’t interfere with mission-critical traffic during the day but allow important ordering and financial file transfers that run during the night to get through during their time window
KNOM2001 9
QoS Management Challenges
To allow A/V to be delivered with minimum delay
To ensure that the response time for SAP, PeopleSoft, and Tn3270 traffic is three seconds or less and consistent
To ensure that the remote offices serviced by the VPN receive good service
To limit new peer-to-peer traffic such as Napster
KNOM2001 10
QoS Management Challenges
To map and guarantee customer’s QoS requirements in a service provider’s network
To monitor, measure, and analyze traffic to ensure SLA and to account for billing
Not a few international firms adopted QoS solutions already and some domestic firms such as a national-scale bank is considering QoS solutions for their mission-critical applications
KNOM2001 11
TE Challenges
TE is particularly important concern to service providers
Traffic increases much faster than expected
Thus, over-provisioning doesn’t seem to justify the cost
Large NSPs & ISPs tend to depend on TE for their traffic (QoS) & resource (utilization) control
Current IGP control mechanism is limited
KNOM2001 12
TE Challenges Ideally TE requires
Modification of traffic management parameters, Modification of parameters associated with routing, Modification of attributes and constraints associated
with resources The level of manual intervention involved in the
TE process should be minimized whenever possible
TE system includes a set of interconnected network elements, a network performance monitoring system, a set of network configuration management tools
KNOM2001 13
TE Challenges On-line TE and Off-line TE is not competitive but
complementary to each other This is particularly important from the Network
Management perspective Although MPLS is designed to meet these
requirements, there are still some efforts to achieve TE objectives by modifying the current routing protocol mechanisms by changing link state flooding frequencies The integrated approach that achieves TE
objectives based on physical topology routing instead of full-mesh overlaying routing (e.g., ATM, MPLS)
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QoS Management & TE Challenges
The Question is not, “Do you need a QoS or TE manager?” but “Which QoS or TE manager is right for you?”
QoS Management & TE in Papers
KNOM2001 16
Related Standards
IETF Sub-IP Area’s WGs: MPLS, TE, CCAMP, etc. CR-LDP/RSVP-TE, ISIS-TE/OSPF-TE, MPLS MIBs TE for TE requirements, framework, DiffServ-aware MPLS TE, and TE MI
B IETF O&M Area’s WGs: Policy, RAP, SNMPConf, RMON
COPS(Common Open Policy Service) SPPI (Structure of Policy Provisioning Info) PIB (Policy Information Base) SNMP Configuration MIB for DiffServ
IETF Transport Area’s WG: DiffServ PHBs, PDBs, DiffServ PIB
DMTF(Distributed Management Task Force) DEN (Directory Enabled Networking)
IEEE 802.1p, 802.1Q and 802.1D: classify Ethernet frames
KNOM2001 17
QoS Management & TE Tools:Control Plane Tools
Routing Intra-domain/Inter-domain Constraint-based Routing (OSPF-TE/ISIS-TE) Rerouting/Fast-rerouting (IGP-Shortcut LSPs)
Signaling and Reservation CR-LDP/RSVP-TE
Path selection/Class mapping based on QoS requirements (DiffServ-aware MPLS TE)
Policy and admission control (DiffServ PDB) Load sharing/balancing Path protection/restoration Accounting, authorization and authentication Policy-based off-line control
DiffServ-based QoS configuration MPLS, MPLS VPNs configuration
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QoS Management & TE Tools:
Data Plane Tools
Classification, metering, marking, policing, shaping
Buffer management Queue scheduling Congestion control Merging, aggregation and de-aggregation
KNOM2001 19
QoS Management & TE Tools:Data Plane Tools SLA Management
AdmissionControl/
Classification Constrain-basedRouting
Policing
Shaping
CongestionControl
Traffic Monitoring/Measurement
Signalling
QueueManagement
Traffic Analysis/Reporting
Policy-basedOff-line Configuration
Automation
QoS & TE Features in Devices
KNOM2001 21
Cisco’s QoS Features Classification:
Committed Access Rate (CAR) Policy Based Routing (PBR) QoS Policy Propagation through BGP
Congestion Management: First In First Out (FIFO) Priority Queueing (PQ) Custom Queueing (CQ) Weighted Fair Queueing (WFQ) Weighted Random Early Detection (WRED)
KNOM2001 22
Cisco’s QoS Features
Policing and Shaping: Committed Access Rate (CAR) Generic Traffic Shaping (GTS) Frame Relay Traffic Shaping (FRTS)
Link Efficiency Mechanisms: Compressed Real Time Protocol Link Fragmentation and Interleaving (LFI)
Signalling: RSVP
IP-ATM CoS (Class of Service)
KNOM2001 23
The Cisco QoS Framework
PR
OV
ISIO
NIN
G &
MO
NIT
OR
ING
PR
OV
ISIO
NIN
G &
MO
NIT
OR
ING
VPNsVPNsMultimediaVideo Conference,
Collaborative Computing
MultimediaVideo Conference,
Collaborative Computing
Mission Critical Services
Mission Critical ServicesVoIPVoIP
HybridHybridMPLSMPLSDiffServDiffServIntServIntServ
Signaling Techniques (RSVP, DSCP*, ATM (UNI/NNI))Signaling Techniques (RSVP, DSCP*, ATM (UNI/NNI))
Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)
Congestion Avoidance Techniques (WRED)Congestion Avoidance Techniques (WRED)
Congestion Management Techniques (WFQ, CBWFQ, LLQ)Congestion Management Techniques (WFQ, CBWFQ, LLQ)
Classification & Marking Techniques (DSCP, MPLS EXP, NBAR, etc.)Classification & Marking Techniques (DSCP, MPLS EXP, NBAR, etc.)
FrameRelay
FrameRelay
PPPHDLC
PPPHDLC SDLC
SDLCATM, POSATM, POS FE,Gig.E
10GE
FE,Gig.E 10GE
WirelessFixed,Mobile
WirelessFixed,Mobile
BroadBandCable,xDSL
BroadBandCable,xDSL
PO
LIC
Y-B
AS
ED
NETW
OR
KIN
GP
OLIC
Y-B
AS
ED
NETW
OR
KIN
G
Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping, CAR)Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping, CAR)
Courtesy: 2001@ Cisco Systems Inc.
KNOM2001 24
Cisco’s MPLS TE Features
MPLS TE is built on the following IOS mechanisms LSP tunnels Link-state IGPs
with extensions for the global flooding of resource info. and for the automatic routing of traffic onto tunnels as appropriate
Path Calculation Module Link Management Module
link admission control, bookkeeping of the resource info to be flooded
Label Switching and Forwarding Signaling Module Load Sharing Module Link Protection/Restoration Module
KNOM2001 25
Juniper’s QoS & TE Features
No DiffServ Support yet Mostly focused on MPLS TE & MPLS-based VPN Not many QoS features like Cisco are provided
Policing, Classification, IP Precedence Rewrite, Queuing and WRR, and RED
But MPLS TE features are superior to that of Cisco’s in some aspects
BGP-based LSP (enable transit traffic ride on it) per-interface reoptimize timer, etc.
KNOM2001 26
Juniper’s MPLS TE Features
LSP tunnels Link-state IGPs Path Calculation Module Link Management Module Label Switching and Forwarding Signaling Module Load Sharing Module Link Protection/Restoration Module Fast-Reroute for IGP shortcuts
KNOM2001 27
Cisco’s DiffServ Config Example
InternetInternet
Edge Router 1Edge Router 2
Core Router
DiffServ Domain
KNOM2001 28
Cisco’s DiffServ Config Example
SETDSCP Policy Map class-map match-all EF match access-group 101 class-map match-all AF1 match access-group 102 class-map match-all AF21 match access-group 108 class-map match-all AF22 match access-group 109 class-map match-all AF23 match access-group 110 class-map match-all AF3 match access-group 104
policy-map SETDSCP class EF set ip dscp 46 class AF1 set ip dscp 10 class AF21 set ip dscp 18 class AF22 set ip dscp 20 class AF23 set ip dscp 22 class AF3 set ip dscp 26
KNOM2001 29
Cisco’s DiffServ Config Example
VOIP Policy Map class-map match-all premium match ip dscp 46 class-map match-all gold match ip dscp 10 12 14 class-map match-all silver match ip dscp 18 20 22 class-map match-all bronze match ip dscp 26 28 30 class-map best-effort match access-group 105
policy-map VOIP class premium priority 500 class gold bandwidth percent 35 class silver shape average 320000 bandwidth percent 25 class bronze bandwidth percent 15 class best-effort police 56000 1750 1750 conform-action
set-dscp-transmit 0
KNOM2001 30
Cisco’s DiffServ Config Example
access-list 101 permit udp any any range 16384 32768
access-list 102 permit tcp any any eq tacacs access-list 104 permit tcp any any eq www access-list 105 permit ip any any access-list 108 permit tcp any any eq telnet access-list 109 permit tcp any any eq smtp access-list 110 permit tcp any any eq ftp
KNOM2001 31
Cisco’s MPLS Config Example
Configuring MPLS TE comprises Configuring a device to support tunnels Configuring an interface to support RSVP based tu
nnel signaling and IGP flooding Configuring IS-IS or OSPF for MPLS TE Configuring an MPLS TE tunnel Configuring a tunnel that an IGP can use
KNOM2001 32
Cisco’s MPLS Config Example
Sample MPLS TE Configuration
KNOM2001 33
Global Configuration Sample for router 1
ip cefmpls traffic-eng tunnels
interface loopback0 ip address 11.11.11.11 255.255.255.255
interface s1/0 ip address 131.0.0.1 255.255.0.0 mpls traffic-eng tunnels ip rsvp bandwidth 1000
KNOM2001 34
Tunnel Configuration
interface tunnel1 ip unnumbered loopback0 tunnel destination 17.17.17.17 tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth 100 tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 1 1 tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 1 dynamic
Configuring tunnel 1
Verifying tunnel 1show mpls traffic-eng tunnelsshow ip interface tunnel1
KNOM2001 35
Tunnel Configuration – cont’d
interface tunnel2 ip unnumbered loopback0 tunnel destination 17.17.17.17 tunnel mode mpls traffic-eng tunnel mpls traffic-eng bandwidth 100 tunnel mpls traffic-eng priority 1 1 tunnel mpls traffic-eng path-option 1 explicit identifier 1
Configuring tunnel 2
ip explicit-path identifier 1 next-address 131.0.0.1 next-address 135.0.0.1 next-address 136.0.0.1 next-address 133.0.0.1
Configuring an explicit IP path
KNOM2001 36
JunOS MPLS Config Example:Minimum & Named Path Config[edit]interfaces { interface-name { logical-unit-number { family mpls; # required to enable MPLS on this intf. } }}protocols { mpls { interface (interface-name | all); # required to enable MPLS on this intf. path to-san-jose { # required to setup explicit LSP 14.1.1.1 strict; 11.1.1.1 loose; } } rsvp { interface interface-name; # required for RSVP signaled MPLS only }}
KNOM2001 37
JunOS MPLS Config Example:LSP Creation Config & Attributes
[edit protocols mpls]label-switched-path lsp-path-name { to address; # egress address from address; # ingress address
# lots of statements for setting various LSP attributes;
primary path-name {
# lots of statements for setting various path attributes;
} secondary path-name {
# lots of statements for setting various path attributes;
} }
adaptive admin-group bandwidth class-of-service fast-reroute hop-limit no-cspf optimize-timer preference priority retry-timer record or no-record standby
QoS Management & TE in Action
KNOM2001 39
PacketShaper: Application QoS
Packeteer’s QoS solution Enterprise Edge Solution PacketShaper/AppCelera ICX Hardware and Software bundle
Classify Traffic Based on 5-tuples, mime-types, users, etc.
Analyze Behavior Apps bandwidth consumption rate, response time, etc.
Control Performance Apply policy based on the analysis results
Report Trends http://www.packeteer.com
KNOM2001 40
QoSWorks Sitara Networks’ QoS Solution
Enterprise Edge Solution Hardware and Software bundle solution
Bandwidth Management Layer2 through 7 classification, switching, shaping,
queuing, statistics and bridging Application-specific Traffic Management
Proxies, signaling, caching, redirection for specific application types
Policy Management Analysis, decisions, and enforcement across the network
http://www.sitaranetworks.com
KNOM2001 41
ServicePoint System
ADC’s QoS Solution WAN QoS solution (e.g. FR-based Intranet) Hardware and Software bundle solution ServicePoint SDU & Manager
Policy-based bandwidth management Service partitioning WAN performance analysis
Puts SDUs at the boundary of LAN & WAN TCP rate control http://www.adc.com/access
KNOM2001 42
FloodGate-1: Secure QoS Checkpoint’s integrated solution for VPNs, Firewalls, a
nd QoS Bandwidth control
Upto 4Mbps bidirectional Traffic classification
Over 150 IP services and applications based on src, dst, file designator, URL, time of day
Policy-based Management Scalability and Ease of use http://www.checkpoint.com
KNOM2001 43
FloodGate-1: Secure QoS
Internet
LAN
DMZ
VPNStandaloneQoS Device
• When the VPN encrypts packets, classification is impossible
• NAT is performed in Firewall, Classification/prioritization is impossible
Firewall
KNOM2001 44
FloodGate-1: Secure QoS
Internet
LAN
StandaloneQoS Device VPN
• When located behind VPN/Firewall, bandwidth management decisions corrupted by VPN encryption and Firewall traffic
Firewall
DMZ
KNOM2001 45
FloodGate-1: Secure QoS
Internet
LAN
DMZ
• Integration solves all
Firewall
StandaloneQoS Device
VPN
KNOM2001 46
Cisco’s QoS & Service Mgmt
Network servicelevel verification
CW2000 SMSCW2000 SMS
CONFIGURECONFIGURE VERIFICATION VERIFICATION TROUBLESHOOT TROUBLESHOOT
Qos networkpolicy configuration
Per-device trafficclass monitoring
Per-device traffic class configuration
Dev
ice
Net
wo
rk W
ide
Dev
ice
Net
wo
rk W
ide XML
Service leveltroubleshooting
XML
QDM, ...QDM, ...QDM, ...QDM, ...
QPMQPM CW2000 RWAN(IPM)
CW2000 RWAN(IPM)
Courtesy: 2001@ Cisco Systems Inc.
KNOM2001 47
Orchestream 2.1
Market leading Policy-based QoS & MPLS VPN Manager
Multi Protocol Label Switching (MPLS) control module for implementing network-based IP-Virtual Private Networks (IP-VPNs)
QoS control module for managing the Quality of Service (QoS) levels of specific traffic
Security control module for managing access to specific parts of the network
Integration Module for integration with other IP network management software
KNOM2001 48
Orchestream 2.1
Courtesy: 2001 @ Orchestream Inc.
KNOM2001 49
NPAT & MPLSView WANDL’s MPLS Modeling Tools Leading provider of MPLS modeling tools Design and simulate IP/MPLS networks Multi-vendor config file parsing and integrity
checking Bottleneck discovery and solutions Prediction of e2e delays, throughputs, packet
drops, and link utilization Failure scenario simulations Reports and topology diagrams http://www.wandl.com
KNOM2001 50
MPLSView Screenshot
KNOM2001 51
ETRI’s QoS&MPLS TE Server
Topology & Resource Status Visualization Policy-based QoS Provisioning & TE control Traffic Monitoring, Measurement & Analysis Routing Control for Traffic Engineering Targeted for Backbone network’s QoS & TE m
anagement but can be applied to Enterprise networks as well
KNOM2001 52
Visualization Various topology views
Layer 3, OSPF, BGP, DiffServ Domain, MPLS Domain, Optical Domain, etc.
Elements & Link status General & element specific info, traffic in colors, etc.
Flow & Path views Live visualization over L3 topology with source-destination, and flow di
rection and TT, ES-LSP, Lightpath, etc. TE views
Traffic Statistics Matrix (AS-to-AS, Prefix-to-prefix), LSP statistics, LSP tables (LDP signaled, Explicitly signaled, Primary, Secondaries), etc.
Policy views Network-wide DiffServ and/or MPLS policy rules and enforced network
elements relationship map
KNOM2001 53
Visualization: ExamplesTE C onsoleF ile(F ) Edit(E) View(V) S imulation(S) Option(O) Tool(T) Help(H)
MP LS ViewViews:
35 %
20~40 %0 ~ 20 %
40~60 %60~80 %
80 ~100 %
TM
DiffServNEsMPLS
Traffic Trunks
TT 1
root
TT 2
LSP Tunnels
Tunnel 1Tunnel 2
LSP Tunnel 1
P athSecondary LSP s
F EC
P rimary LSP
RSVP TP
LSP 1
LSP 2
TT 3
LSP Tunnel 2
P ath
RSVP TP s
TP 1
F ilter 1
TC G OFS
+
-
서 울
수 원
대 전
광 주
부 산
대 구
Statistic s View Interval
2001 2 23 12:00년 월 일F rom :
2002 2 23 24:00년 월 일To :
적 용 취 소
5분
하 루 일 주 일 한 달
Status C onsole
Server Initiating...
Status console example.
KNOM2001 54
Policy-based Provisioning
Away from individual device mgmt Away from individual traffic trunk and LSP mgmt Consistent configuration and admission control accor
ding to network policies Independent of signaling/management protocol High level support for the operation of DiffServ & MPL
S networks Automate QoS provisioning and traffic engineering (hu
ge relief to NA, hopefully) Automate TE decision enforcement to multi-vendor ne
twork environment
KNOM2001 55
Traffic Monitoring & Analysis
MIB Polling MIB II, DiffServ MIB, MPLS MIBs(LDP, LSR, TE, etc.)
Passive Traffic Measurement Flow-based traffic measurement (DiffServ, MPLS LSP, MPLS VPN flo
ws etc.) using SNMP Polling and Netflow mechanism Measurement Results Analysis
Traffic characterization, Network monitoring, and Traffic control Traffic distribution based on flows, interfaces, node-pairs(ingress-eg
ress), path, destination, prefix, or AS Traffic load estimation based on class types
KNOM2001 56
Routing Control for TE MIB Polling
OSPF, BGP MIBs Topology Auto discovery
With the help of QRMS Path Calculation
L3 path, CSPF + alpha(DS ClassType, etc.) TED Import & Processing
Via passive OSPF participation Measurement-based Admission Control Simulations
Path availability simulation Path attribute modification simulation Failure scenario simulation Global path optimization simulation
KNOM2001 57
System Architecture: Overview
ConfigurationPackage
MeasurementPackage
GlobalConfig
Package
MiscPackage
GUI
TMS
RMS
PS
RATE
CSI (Common Service Interfaces)
TMSAgent
RMSAgent
COPSAgent
JunoscriptClient
CiscoCLI
Proxy Agent
COPS
CORBA
ACE2000JuniperRouter
CISCORouter
ACECLI
SNMPMeasured
Traffic Data
CORBA
OSPF/BGP
KNOM2001 58
Summary
Talked about QoS management & TE requirements Efforts from standard bodies, industries, re
search & academic communities Solutions from device and management vie
wpoints
KNOM2001 59
References Geoff Huston, Internet Performance Survival Guide: QoS Strategies for
Multiservice Networks, Wiley, 2000 ITU-T E.800, “Telephone Network and ISDN Quality Of Service, Netw
ork Management and Traffic Engineering”, 1994 Stardust.com Inc, “A White paper - QoS Protocols & Architectures”, 199
9: http://www.stardust.com Internet Protocol Journal, “QoS-Fact or Fiction”, Vol 3. Num 1, 2000 IETF, Internet Draft: draft-iab-qos-02.txt, “Next Steps for the IP QoS Arch
itecture”, August 2000 Vijay P. Kumar, T.V. Lakshman, Dimitrios Stiliadis, “Beyond Best Effort:
Router Architectures for the Differentiated Services of Tomorrow’s Internet, IEEE Communications Magazine, May 1998
P. Aukia, et. al., “RATES: A Server for MPLS Traffic Engineering”, IEEE Network, March/April 2000
Thank You&
Q & A