Q1 

M1

(a)(i)A=(cell)membrane1

B=cytoplasm

donotacceptcytoplast1

(ii)Tocontroltheactivitiesofthecell

1

(b)

extralinescancel3

 

Q2

Thediagrambelowshowsthepartsofthebodythatdigestandabsorbfood.

Italsoshowssomedetailsaboutthestructureofthestomach.

 

(2) 

(b)(i)Thebloodgoingtothestomachhasahighconcentrationofoxygen.Thecellsliningthestomachhavealowconcentrationofoxygen.

Completethefollowingsentence.

Oxygenmovesfromthebloodtothecellsliningthestomachby

theprocessof......................................................................(1)

(a)Completethetabletoshowwhethereachstructureisanorgan,anorgansystemoratissue.

Foreachstructure,tick( )onebox.

  

 

Structure 

Organ Organ system 

Tissue 

             

             

  

 

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, 

        

M2

 

all 3 correct = 2 marks 

2 correct = 1 mark 

1 or 0 correct = 0 marks 

2

 

(b)(i)diffusionallowphoneticspelling

1

(a)

     Organ Organ sys‐

tem Tissue 

     

  

 

     

   

  

 

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, 

  

 

  

     Organ Organ sys‐

tem Tissue 

     

  

 

     

   

  

 

Mouth, oesophagus, stomach, liver, pancreas, 

  

 

  

(a)

Q2b

 

(1) 

(Total 5 marks) 

 

Q3 

Thediagrambelowshowsacross‐sectionofaplantroot.Thetransporttissuesarelabelled.

(a)(i)WhatistissueA?

Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.

cuticleepidermisxylem(1)

(ii)NametwosubstancestransportedbytissueA.

1.............................................................................................................

2.............................................................................................................

 

 

(iii)Inwhichpartofacelldoesaerobicrespirationtakeplace?

(ii)Whatothersubstancemustmovefromthebloodtothecellsliningthestomachsothatrespirationcantakeplace?

Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.

     protein  starch 

     mitochondria  nucleus      mitochondria  nucleus 

 

 

(iii)Inwhichpartofacelldoesaerobicrespirationtakeplace?

(ii)Whatothersubstancemustmovefromthebloodtothecellsliningthestomachsothatrespirationcantakeplace?

Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.

     protein  starch 

Q2b (ii)glucose

1

(iii)mitochondria

1

[5]

M3

(a)(i)xylem1

(ii)water

1

minerals/ions/namedexample(s)

ignorenutrients1

Q3b 

(b)Phloemisinvolvedinaprocesscalledtranslocation.

(i)Whatistranslocation?

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................(1)

(ii)Explainwhytranslocationisimportanttoplants.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................(2)

 

(1) 

 

(ii)Explainwhyactivetransportisnecessaryinroothaircells.

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

...............................................................................................................

(c)Plantsmustuseactivetransporttomovesomesubstancesfromthesoilintoroothaircells.

(i)Activetransportneedsenergy.

Whichpartofthecellreleasesmostofthisenergy?

Tick( )onebox.

      

      

      

      

      

      

(c)Plantsmustuseactivetransporttomovesomesubstancesfromthesoilintoroothaircells.

(i)Activetransportneedsenergy.

Whichpartofthecellreleasesmostofthisenergy?

Tick( )onebox.

M3b and c (b)(i)movementof(dissolved)sugar

allowadditionalsubstances,egaminoacids/correctnamedsugar(allowsu-crose/glucose)allownutrients/substances/foodmoleculesifsuf icientlyquali iedignorefoodalone

1

(ii)sugarsaremadeintheleaves

1

sotheyneedtobemovedtootherpartsoftheplantforrespiration/growth/storage

1

(c)(i)mitochondria

1

(ii)formovementofminerals/ions

Donotaccept‘water’1

againsttheirconcentrationgradient

1

[9]

Q4

The igurebelowshowsascaledrawingofonetypeofcellinblood.

(a)Usethescaletodeterminethewidthofthecell.

Giveyouranswertothenearestmicrometre.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Widthofcell=..................................micrometres(1)

 

(3) 

(c)Plateletsarefragmentsofcells.

Plateletshelpthebloodtoclot.

Suggestwhatmighthappeniftheblooddidnotclot.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................(1)

(Total5marks)

(b)Completethetablebelow.

     Func on 

     Carries oxygen around the body 

     Protects the body against infec on 

       

     Func on 

     Carries oxygen around the body 

     Protects the body against infec on 

       

(b)Completethetablebelow.

M4

(a)8(micrometres)1

(b)redbloodcell(s)1

whitebloodcell(s)acceptnamedcellegphagocyte/lymphocyte

1

(plasma)transportsproteins/dissolvedsubstances/food(molecules)/urea/hormones/bloodcells

1

(c)anyonefrom:

•youcouldlosealotofblood•bleedinternally

allowbleedingwouldnotstopallowcouldbleedtodeath

1

[5]

Q5a

Amylaseisanenzymethatdigestsstarch.

AstudentinvestigatedtheeffectofpHontheactivityofamylase.

Thisisthemethodused.

1.Mixamylasesolutionandstarchsuspensioninaboilingtube.

2.Puttheboilingtubeintoawaterbathat25°C.

3.Removeadropofthemixtureevery30secondsandtestitforthepresenceofstarch.

4.RepeattheinvestigationatdifferentpHvalues.

Thetablebelowshowsthestudents’results.

 

(a)     The student concluded pH 7.25 was the op mum pH for the amylase enzyme. 

This is not a valid conclusion. 

Suggest two reasons why. 

1 ..................................................................................................................... 

........................................................................................................................ 

2 ..................................................................................................................... 

........................................................................................................................ 

(2) 

    Time when no starch was detected in minutes 

     7.0 

     4.5 

     3.0 

     2.0 

     1.5 

     1.5 

     2.0 

    Time when no starch was detected in minutes 

     7.0 

     4.5 

     3.0 

     2.0 

     1.5 

     1.5 

     2.0 

M5a

(a)anytwofrom:

•sameresultatpH7and7.5orcouldbeanypHbetween7and7.5ornottestedatpH7.25orneedtotestatsmallerpHintervals(between7and7.5)•accuracyofresultonlytonearest0.5minutes•norepeats•dif iculttodetermineendpoint(colour)

2

Q5bandc

(b)Thestudentdidanotherinvestigation.Thisisthemethodused.

1.Putamylasesolutionandstarchsuspensionintoaboilingtube.

2.MakethepH7.25.

3.Puttheboilingtubeintoawaterbathat25°C.

4.Measuretheamountofsugarproducedevery30seconds.

Theresultsareshowninthe igurebelow.

Calculatethemeanrateofsugarproducedperminuteduringthe irst5minutes.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Meanrate=...............................unitsperminute(2)

(c)Iodinesolutionisaddedtoasampletakenfromtheboilingtubeafter10minutesand60minutes.

Suggestwhatyouwouldseeinthesesamples.

After10minutes.............................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

.After60minutes............................................................................................

........................................................................................................................(2)

(d)Thescientistrepeatedtheinvestigationat37°C.

Drawalineonthe igureabovetoshowthepredictedresults.(2)

(Total8marks)

Q5bandc

(b)Thestudentdidanotherinvestigation.Thisisthemethodused.

1.Putamylasesolutionandstarchsuspensionintoaboilingtube.

2.MakethepH7.25.

3.Puttheboilingtubeintoawaterbathat25°C.

4.Measuretheamountofsugarproducedevery30seconds.

Theresultsareshowninthe igurebelow.

Calculatethemeanrateofsugarproducedperminuteduringthe irst5minutes.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

Meanrate=...............................unitsperminute(2)

(c)Iodinesolutionisaddedtoasampletakenfromtheboilingtubeafter10minutesand60minutes.

Suggestwhatyouwouldseeinthesesamples.

After10minutes.............................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

.After60minutes............................................................................................

........................................................................................................................(2)

(d)Thescientistrepeatedtheinvestigationat37°C.

Drawalineonthe igureabovetoshowthepredictedresults.(2)

(Total8marks)

M5bandc

(b)2.7/51

0.54(unitsperminute)allow0.52withnoworkingshownfor2marks

1

allow1markfor0.52or0.56

(c)(after10minutes)solutiongoesblack1

(after60minutes)solutionstaysthesameordoesnotgoblackorgoesslightlyorange

1

(d)steepercurve1

levelsoffat11.8unitsandbefore45minutes1

[8]

Q6 

Figure1showsadiagramofthehumanheart.

Figure1

(a)NamepartsAandB.

A....................................................................................................................

B....................................................................................................................(2)

(b)WhatisthefunctionofbloodvesselC?

Tickonebox.

To take blood from the heart around the body      

    

To take blood from the body to the heart        

    

To take blood from the heart to the lungs                 

    

To take blood from the lungs to the heart                 

(b)WhatisthefunctionofbloodvesselC?

Tickonebox.

To take blood from the heart around the body      

    

To take blood from the body to the heart        

    

To take blood from the heart to the lungs                 

    

To take blood from the lungs to the heart                 

M6 a and b

(a)(A)rightatrium1

(B)rightventricle1

(b)Totakebloodfromthelungstotheheart1

Q6

(c)Coronaryheartdisease(CHD)developswhenlayersoffattymaterialbuildupinthecoronaryartery.

OnetreatmentforCHDistoinsertastentintothecoronaryartery.

Figure2showsastentinacoronaryartery.

Figure2

Explainwhythestenthelpstopreventaheartattack.

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................(4)

M9(a) (i) bonds / pair of electrons / shared electrons

for one mark 1

(ii) saturated since it has single bonds / no double bonds / no multiple bonds / maximum number of atoms attached

for one mark 1

(iii) sensible answer (e.g. it is harmful) or better solvent could be used on expanded polystyrene or foam

for one mark 1

(b) (i) simply writing monomers form / react to form polymers gains no mark monomers join / bond / combine / link to form polymers = 1 mark the mark is for the idea of joining to gain the second mark the idea of the relative size of monomer and polymer is required small molecules join to form a polymer (2 marks) many monomers join to form a polymer (2 marks) monomers join to form a large molecule / long chain (2 marks) many molecules join together (2 marks)

for 1 mark each 2

(ii) polyethene / poly(ethene) / polythene

don’t worry too much about the exact positioning of the C6H5 at the end of the bond

placement of linking bonds inside / outside brackets is not important must have n

for 1 mark each [8]

Q6 d,e,f

 

Plot the missing bars for countries D and E on Figure 3. 

Use data from the table above. 

Figure 3   

(2) 

(e)PeopleincountryBaremorelikelytodiefromCHDthanpeopleincountryE.

HowmanymoretimesaslikelyarepeopletodiefromCHDincountryBthanincountryE?(1)

(f)Astudentconcluded:

‘ThefactorthatcausesCHDisnoteatingenoughfruitandvegetables.’

Evaluatethestudent’sconclusion.

UsedatafromFigure3,andyourownknowledge,inyouranswer.(6)

(Total16marks)

(d)Lookatthetablebelow.

   

Country 

Number of deaths from CHD per 100 000 popula‐on per year 

Amount of fruit and vege‐tables eaten in kg per person per year 

   

A 285  180 

   

B 250  320 

   

C 198  250 

   

D 151  220 

   

E 125  244 

M6d,e,f

(d)barDcorrectlyplotted1

barEcorrectlyplotted1

±0.5smallsquares

(e)twice/twotimes(morelikely)1

(f)Level3(5–6marks):Adetailedandcoherentevaluationisprovidedthatconsidersarangeofrelevantpointsabouthowwellthedatacorrelateswiththestatement,quotingrelevantcomparisonsandcomestoaconclusionconsistentwiththereasoning.

Level2(3–4marks):Anattempttorelaterelevantpointswithinthedataandcometoaconclusion.Thelogicmaybeinconsistentattimesbutbuildstowardsacoherentargument.

Level1(1–2marks):Discrete,relevantpointsmade,attemptingtoapplyunderstandingofthefactorsinvolvedindevelopmentofCHDtothedatainthetable.Thelogicmaybeunclearandtheconclusion,ifpresent,maynotbeconsistentwiththereason‐ing.

0marks:Norelevantcontent

Indicativecontent

datathatsupportsstatement:•countryAhasthehighestdeathrateat285deathsper1000andthelowestconsumptionatonly180kgperperson•deathrateincountryEislessthanhalfthatincountryA(125comparedwith285)andconsumptionishigher(244comparedwith180)•othercountrieswithlowerdeathratesthanAhavehigherconsumption(egcountryB250deathsper1000butconsumptionof320kgperperson)argumentsagainststatement:•butmostofthedataonthegraphdoesnotshowclearcorrelationbetweendeathratesandconsumptionofdata•egdeathrateincountryBissecondhighestat250deathsper1000butconsumptionishighestat320kgperperson,nearlydoublethatinAwheredeathrateisonly35per1000more•differencesshownoclearpattern–egincountrieswheredeathrateismuchlowertheconsumptionisnotasimilarproportionhigher(cfcountryDdeathratejustunderhalfthatinAbutconsumptionnotdoublethatinA)•theremaybeotherfactorsaffectingdeathratethatarenotreported,suchassmoking,obesity,exercise,stress

6

[16]

Q7a

Scientistsinvestigatedtheeffectofdifferentfactorsonhealth.

(a)Peoplewhoarenotactivemayhavehealthproblems.

Thegraphshowsthepercentageof16‐year‐oldsinsomecountrieswhoarenotactive.

(i)Whatpercentageof16‐year‐oldsintheUKarenotactive?

..........................%(1)

(ii)Whatpercentageof16‐year‐oldsintheUKareactive?

..........................%(1)

(iii)Anewspaperheadlinestates:

InformationinFigure1doesnotsupportthenewspaperheadline.

Suggestonereasonwhythenewspaperheadlinemaybewrong.(1)

M7

(a)(i)641

(ii)36allowe.c.ffrom(i)i.e.100−answergivenin(a)(i)

1

(iii)anyonefrom:•onlyconsiders16‐year‐olds

ignorelackofevidenceallowdoesnotrefertoallages

•onlyaboutsome/5countriesallowdoesnotrefertoallcountries.

1

Q7 b,c

 

Whitebloodcellsarepartoftheimmunesystem.

Usethecorrectanswerfromtheboxtocompleteeachsentence. 

(i)      When we are ill, white blood cells produce .............................................. to kill microorganisms. 

(1) 

(ii)     Many strains of bacteria, including MRSA, have developed resistance to drugs called 

............................................................................................................... 

 

What conclusion can be made about the effect of exercise on health? 

Use informa on from the table. 

(c)Inheritedfactorscanalsoaffecthealth.

Giveonehealthproblemthatmaybeaffectedbythegenessomeoneinherits.

Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.

(b)Doctorsgaveapercentageratingtothehealthof16‐year‐olds.100%isperfecthealth.

Thetableshowstheamountofexercise16‐year‐oldsdoandtheirhealthrating.

  

 

Amount of exercise done in minutes every week 

Health ra ng as % 

  

 

Less than 30 

72 

  

 

  90 

76 

  

 

180 

82 

  

 

300 

92 

  

 

an bio cs 

an bodies  pathogens  vaccines   

 

an bio cs 

an bodies  pathogens  vaccines 

 

What conclusion can be made about the effect of exercise on health? 

Use informa on from the table. 

(c)Inheritedfactorscanalsoaffecthealth.

Giveonehealthproblemthatmaybeaffectedbythegenessomeoneinherits.

Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.

(b)Doctorsgaveapercentageratingtothehealthof16‐year‐olds.100%isperfecthealth.

Thetableshowstheamountofexercise16‐year‐oldsdoandtheirhealthrating.

  

 

Amount of exercise done in minutes every week 

Health ra ng as % 

  

 

Less than 30 

72 

  

 

  90 

76 

  

 

180 

82 

  

 

300 

92 

M7(b)themoreexercisedonethehealthierapersonis

allowthemoreexercisedonethehigherthehealthratingallowthelessexercisedonethelowerthehealthrating

1

(c)havingahighcholesterollevel

1

(d)(i)antibodies1

(ii)antibiotics1

[7]

M8

ThenumberofpeopleintheUKwithtumoursisincreasing.

(a)(i)Describehowtumoursform.(1)

(ii)Tumourscanbemalignantorbenign.

Whatisthedifferencebetweenamalignanttumourandabenigntumour?(1)

(b)Describehowsometumoursmayspreadtootherpartsofthebod(1)

 

(i)Describethetrendsinthenumberofpeoplewithmalignantmelanomaskincancerbetween1985and2008.

(3)

(ii)Usethedataaboutthenumberoftripsabroadtosuggestanexplanationforthetrendsyouhavedescribedinpart(c)(i). (2)

(c)PeoplefromNorthernEuropehavefairskinandmanypeoplehavemalignantmelanomaskincancer.

ThegraphshowshowthenumberofpeopleintheUKwithmalignantmelanomachangedbetween1985and2008.

ThebarsonthegraphshowthenumberofpeopleintheUKwhotravelledabroadandthenumberwhotookcheapholidaysinthesunin1985and2005.

Years

  

 

Key 

  

 

Mean for all areas 

Mean for people from rich areas 

Mean for people from poor areas 

Total number of trips abroad 

Number of cheap holidays in        the sun 

M8

(a)(i)(asaresultof)uncontrolled/abnormalgrowth/divisionofcellsignoremutationallowcellsdividingwithnocontactinhibition

1

(ii)benigntumoursdonotinvade/spreadtoothertissues/donotformsecondarytumours

acceptconverseformalignantacceptbenigntumoursdonotmetastasise

1

(b)viatheblood/circulatorysystem

acceptvialymphaticsystem1

(c)(i)incidenceisincreasing

1

morerapidly(overtheyears)ignore igures

1

differencebetweenrichandpoorareasisgettinglessortheincidenceisrisingfastestinpeoplefrompoorareas

acceptconverseforpeoplefromrichareas1

(ii)riskfactorisUVfromsunlight

ignoreionisingradiation1

moreUKcitizensgoingabroadortakingholidaysintheSunorpoorerpeoplecanaffordholidaysintheSunormorepoorerpeoplearetakingholidaysintheSun

1

[8](

Q9 a and b

Thediagrambelowshowsthehumandigestivesystem.

(a)(i)WhatisOrganA?

Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.

gallbladderliverstomach(1)

 

ii)WhatisOrganB?

Drawaringaroundthecorrectanswer.

largeintestinepancreassmallintestine(

(b)Digestiveenzymesaremadebydifferentorgansinthedigestivesystem.

Completethetablebelowputtingatickorcross(intheboxes.

The irstrowhasbeendoneforyou.

  

 

  

Organ producing enzyme 

  

 

  

salivary glands 

stomach  pancreas 

small intes ne 

  

 

Enzyme 

amylase  Yes  No  Yes  Yes 

  

 

lipase 

           

  

 

protease 

           

M9 a and b

 

 

 

1 mark per correct row 

or 

if no correct row max 1 mark for any one correct column 

2

(a)(i)stomach

(ii)smallintestine

(b)

  

 

  

salivary glands  stomach  pancreas  small intes ne 

  

 

amylase 

Yes  No  Yes  Yes 

  

 

lipase 

No  No  Yes  Yes 

  

 

protease 

No  Yes  Yes  Yes 

  

 

  

salivary glands  stomach  pancreas  small intes ne 

  

 

amylase 

Yes  No  Yes  Yes 

  

 

lipase 

No  No  Yes  Yes 

  

 

protease 

No  Yes  Yes  Yes 

(a)(i)stomach

(ii)smallintestine

(b)

Q9 c and d

 

(3) 

(c)Thestomachalsomakeshydrochloricacid.

Howdoestheacidhelpdigestion?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

(d)Drawonelinefromeachdigestiveenzymetothecorrectbreakdownproduct.

        Breakdown products 

          

        amino acids. 

  

 

Amylase breaks down 

     

        bases. 

  

 

Lipase breaks down 

     

        fa y acids and glycerol. 

  

 

Protease breaks down 

     

        sugars. 

        Breakdown products 

          

        amino acids. 

  

 

Amylase breaks down 

     

        bases. 

  

 

Lipase breaks down 

     

        fa y acids and glycerol. 

  

 

Protease breaks down 

     

        sugars. 

(c)Thestomachalsomakeshydrochloricacid.

Howdoestheacidhelpdigestion?

........................................................................................................................

........................................................................................................................

(d)Drawonelinefromeachdigestiveenzymetothecorrectbreakdownproduct.

M9candd(c)enzyme/protease/pepsinmosteffectiveinacidconditions/lowpH

acceptoptimum/correctpHdonotacceptreftoincorrectlynamedenzymesignorekillingbacteriaignoreacidbreaksdownfood

1

(d)EnzymeBreakdownproducts

3

[8]

Q10 Plants need different substances to survive. 

Figure1showstherootsofaplant.

(a)(i)Mineralionsareabsorbedthroughtheroots.

Nameoneothersubstanceabsorbedthroughtheroots.(1)

 

(2) 

(iii)    The plant in Figure 1 has roots adapted for absorp on. 

Figure2showsamagni iedpartofarootfromFigure1.

DescribehowtherootinFigure2isadaptedforabsorption.(2)

(ii)TheplantinFigure1hasahigherconcentrationofmineralionsinthecellsofitsrootsthantheconcentrationofmineralionsinthesoil.

Whichtwostatementscorrectlydescribetheabsorptionofmineralionsintotheplant’sroots?

Tick( )twoboxes.

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

(ii)TheplantinFigure1hasahigherconcentrationofmineralionsinthecellsofitsrootsthantheconcentrationofmineralionsinthesoil.

Whichtwostatementscorrectlydescribetheabsorptionofmineralionsintotheplant’sroots?

Tick( )twoboxes.

M10 a 

(a)(i)water/H2OacceptoxygenallowH2OdonotallowH2OorH2O

1

(ii)themineralionsareabsorbedbyactivetransport1

theabsorptionofmineralionsneedsenergy1

(iii)have(manyroot)hairs1

(which)givealargesurfacearea(forabsorption)1

Q10 

 

 

(1) 

(ii)DescribehowtheappearanceofthestomatainleafBisdifferentfromtheappearanceofthestomatainleafA.

(1)

(iii)Themanforgetstowatertheplant.

WhatmighthappentotheplantinthenextfewdaysifthestomatastaythesameasshowninleafAinFigure3?

(1)(Total9marks)

(b)Theleavesofplantshavestomata.

Whatisthefunctionofthestomata?(1)(1)

(c)Figure3showstheundersideoftwoleaves,AandB,takenfromaplantinaman’shouse.

(i)InFigure3,thecellslabelledXcontrolthesizeofthestomata.

WhatisthenameofthecellslabelledX?

Tick( )onebox.

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

    

 

(b)Theleavesofplantshavestomata.

Whatisthefunctionofthestomata?(1)(1)

(c)Figure3showstheundersideoftwoleaves,AandB,takenfromaplantinaman’shouse.

(i)InFigure3,thecellslabelledXcontrolthesizeofthestomata.

WhatisthenameofthecellslabelledX?

Tick( )onebox.

M10b,c 

(b)carbondioxideinoroxygenoutorcontrolwaterloss

acceptgasexchangeignoregasesinandoutignoregain/losewater

1

(c)(i)guardcells

1

(ii)(stomataare)closedallowthereisnogap/space

1

(iii)plantwillwilt/droopignoredie

1

[9]

Q11Some students inves gated the effect of light intensity on the rate of photosynthesis. 

TheyusedtheapparatusshowninDiagram1.

Diagram1

Thestudents:

•placedthelamp10cmfromthepondweed

•countedthenumberofbubblesofgasreleasedfromthepondweedin1minute

•repeatedthisfordifferentdistancesbetweenthelampandthepondweed.

(a) Thelampgivesoutheataswellaslight.

 

(i)      At distances between 15 cm and 50 cm, light was a limi ng factor for photosynthesis. 

What evidence is there for this in the table? 

(1) 

(ii)Giveonefactorthatcouldhavelimitedtherateofphotosynthesiswhenthedistancewasbetween10cmand15cm.

(1)

Whatcouldthestudentsdotomakesurethatheatfromthelampdidnotaffecttherateofphotosynthesis

(b)Thetableshowsthestudents’results.

  

  Distance in cm  Number of bubbles 

   10  84 

   15  84 

   20  76 

  

 40  52 

   50  26 

  

  Distance in cm  Number of bubbles 

   10  84 

   15  84 

   20  76 

  

 40  52 

   50  26 

Whatcouldthestudentsdotomakesurethatheatfromthelampdidnotaffecttherateofphotosynthesi

(b)Thetableshowsthestudents’results.

M11 a and b 

(a)anyonefrom:ignore‘checktemperature’

•addawaterbath•heatscreen•useLED•lowenergybulb/described

1

(b)(i)rate/numberofbubblesdecreases

acceptconversewithreferencetoincreasinglightorshorterdis-tance

orlessoxygen/gasreleased

ignorereferencetorateofphotosynthesis1

(ii)temperature/CO2(concentration)

accept‘itwastoocool’ornotenoughCO2acceptnumberofchloroplasts/amountofchlorophyllallowheatallowCO2donotallowCO2

1

Q11 

(c)InthisquestionyouwillbeassessedonusinggoodEnglish,organisinginformationclearlyandusingspecialisttermswhereappropriate.

Diagram2showsasectionthroughaplantleaf.

Diagram2

Describethestructureoftheleafandthefunctionsofthetissuesintheleaf.

Youshouldusethenamesofthetissuesinyouranswer. (6)

M11 c 

(c)MarksawardedforthisanswerwillbedeterminedbytheQualityofWrittenCommunication(QWC)aswellasthestandardofthescienti icresponse.ExaminersshouldalsorefertotheinformationintheMarkingguidance,andapplya‘best‐ it’approachtothemarking.0marksNorelevantcontent.Level1(1‐2marks)Thereisabriefdescriptionofatleast1tissueoratleast1functionofanindicatedpartoftheleaf.Theaccountlacksclarityordetail.

Level2(3‐4marks)Thereisacleardescriptionwhichincludesatleast1namedtissueandatleast1correctfunctiondescribedforanindicatedpartoftheleaf.Level3(5‐6marks)Thereisadetaileddescriptionofmostofthestructuresandtheirfunctions.Examplesofresponses:•epidermis•covertheplant•mesophyll/palisade•photosynthesises•phloem•xylem•transport.Thefollowingpointsareallacceptablebutbeyondthescopeofthespeci ication:•(waxy)cuticle–reducewaterloss•epidermis–nochloroplastssoallowslighttopenetrate•stomata/guardcells–allowCO2in(andO2out)orcontrolswaterloss•palisade(mesophyll)–manychloroplaststotraplight–neartopofleafforreceivingmorelight•spongy(mesophyll)–airspacesforrapidmovementofgases

6