Post on 19-Jan-2018
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Public Opinion and Ideology
Political ideologies are: Certain ethical set of ideals Principles Doctrines Myths Symbols of a social
movement Institution Class
that explains how society should work, and offers some political and cultural blueprint for a certain social order.
WHAT IS IDEOLOGY?
Any political philosophy that Favors tradition (in the sense of
various religious, cultural, or nationally-defined beliefs and customs) in the face of external forces for change
is critical of proposals for radical social change
Characteristics of Conservatives are:
• Personal responsibility over welfare programs.
• Small or limited government.• Free Markets• Traditional American values –
emphasis on religion in US• Strong National Defense
CONSERVATISM
political philosophy or worldview founded on ideas of liberty and equality
Characteristics of Liberals: • Welfare programs to achieve
equality.• Larger government to serve
peoples needs. Especially in the form of spending.
• Traditionally favored farmers, laborers, labor unions, religious and ethnic minorities.
LIBERALISM
ANOTHER EXAMPLE OF A POLITICAL SPECTRUM
LEFT RIGHT CENTER
RADICALFavors extreme changes to create an altered or entirely new social system.
LIBERALBelieves that government must take action to change economic, political, and ideological
MODERATEHolds beliefs that fall between the liberal & conservative views, usually including both.
CONSERVATIVESeeks to keep in place the economic, political, and social structures of society.
REACTIONARYFavors extreme changes to restore society to an earlier, more conservative state
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Gun Control
Abortion
Minimum Wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow
Gun Control
Abortion
Minimum Wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly)
Gun Control
Abortion
Minimum Wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Gun Control
Abortion
Minimum Wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control
Abortion
Minimum Wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Abortion
Minimum Wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Abortion
Minimum Wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Abortion
Minimum Wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion
Minimum Wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions
Minimum Wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
No welfare
National Healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
No welfare
National Healthcare
Universal Coverage
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
No welfare
National Healthcare
Universal Coverage
Obamacare; mandatory purchase of health insurance
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
No welfare
National Healthcare
Universal Coverage
Obamacare; mandatory purchase of health insurance
Repeal Obamacare; let states decides for themselves
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
No welfare
National Healthcare
Universal Coverage
Obamacare; mandatory purchase of health insurance
Repeal Obamacare; let states decides for themselves
No national healthcare
Taxing
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
No welfare
National Healthcare
Universal Coverage
Obamacare; mandatory purchase of health insurance
Repeal Obamacare; let states decides for themselves
No national healthcare
Taxing Tax rates that are higher on Rich (90% on top income earners)
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
No welfare
National Healthcare
Universal Coverage
Obamacare; mandatory purchase of health insurance
Repeal Obamacare; let states decides for themselves
No national healthcare
Taxing Tax rates that are higher on Rich (90% on top income earners)
Tax rate that taxes richer (45%-60% range)
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
No welfare
National Healthcare
Universal Coverage
Obamacare; mandatory purchase of health insurance
Repeal Obamacare; let states decides for themselves
No national healthcare
Taxing Tax rates that are higher on Rich (90% on top income earners)
Tax rate that taxes richer (45%-60% range)
Tax rate that is lower on all classes of people
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
No welfare
National Healthcare
Universal Coverage
Obamacare; mandatory purchase of health insurance
Repeal Obamacare; let states decides for themselves
No national healthcare
Taxing Tax rates that are higher on Rich (90% on top income earners)
Tax rate that taxes richer (45%-60% range)
Tax rate that is lower on all classes of people
No taxes
Gay Marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
No welfare
National Healthcare
Universal Coverage
Obamacare; mandatory purchase of health insurance
Repeal Obamacare; let states decides for themselves
No national healthcare
Taxing Tax rates that are higher on Rich (90% on top income earners)
Tax rate that taxes richer (45%-60% range)
Tax rate that is lower on all classes of people
No taxes
Gay Marriage Full equality amongst married couples
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
No welfare
National Healthcare
Universal Coverage
Obamacare; mandatory purchase of health insurance
Repeal Obamacare; let states decides for themselves
No national healthcare
Taxing Tax rates that are higher on Rich (90% on top income earners)
Tax rate that taxes richer (45%-60% range)
Tax rate that is lower on all classes of people
No taxes
Gay Marriage Full equality amongst married couples
Full equality amongst married couples
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
No welfare
National Healthcare
Universal Coverage
Obamacare; mandatory purchase of health insurance
Repeal Obamacare; let states decides for themselves
No national healthcare
Taxing Tax rates that are higher on Rich (90% on top income earners)
Tax rate that taxes richer (45%-60% range)
Tax rate that is lower on all classes of people
No taxes
Gay Marriage Full equality amongst married couples
Full equality amongst married couples
No gay marriage
Issue Socialist Democrat Republican Libertarian
Marijuana Legalization
Allow Allow (mostly) Don’t allow (mostly)
Allow
Gun Control Heavy Control of Guns
Limited access with background checks
Allow people to possess certain types of firearms
Allow people to possess any type of firearm
Abortion Allow women to choose
Allow women to choose
No abortions Allow women to choose
Minimum Wage Mandatory National $15 Dollars per hour
Raise minimum wage
Keep minimum the wage/lower minimum wage
No minimum wage
Welfare Free education, food stamps, and retirement services
Increased spending on food stamps, and programs like social security
Lower spending on social programs, but maintain social security
No welfare
National Healthcare
Universal Coverage
Obamacare; mandatory purchase of health insurance
Repeal Obamacare; let states decides for themselves
No national healthcare
Taxing Tax rates that are higher on Rich (90% on top income earners)
Tax rate that taxes richer (45%-60% range)
Tax rate that is lower on all classes of people
No taxes
Gay Marriage Full equality amongst married couples
Full equality amongst married couples
No gay marriage
Full equality amongst married couples
WHITES:
71% REJECT ADMISSION QUOTAS
83% OPPOSE HIRING PRACTICES BASED ON RACE
LESS IN FAVOR OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS BUT FOR MILITARY SPENDING
16% OPPOSE DEATH PENALTY
AFRICAN AMERICANS:
71% SUPPORT ADMISSION QUOTES
53% SUPPORT HIRING DECISIONS BASED ON RACE
MORE SUPPORTIVE OF GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS BUT AGAINST MILITARY SPENDING
44% OPPOSE DEATH PENALTY
EFFECTS OF BACKGROUND ON PUBLIC OPINION: RACE AND
ETHNICITY
LIFE EXPERIENCE PLAYS A LARGE ROLE ON PERCEPTION FOR WHITES AND MINORITIES
LOWER INCOME = THE WANT FOR MORE GOVERNMENT PROGRAMS
WHY THE DIFFERENCE?
Male
More aggressive in foreign policy opinions
In favor of death penalty More against Social
Welfare More in favor of
deregulation of the environment
Men and women often differ in these opinions by over 20%
Female
Less likely to support war/violence
Less likely for death penalty
Favor Social Welfare programs
Want protections of environments, children, and consumers
GENDER DIFFERENCES
Total of participants = 100
% in favor of getting rid of death penalty = 40% % in favor of keeping the death penalty = 60%
Period 1: 67% keep Period 4: 59% keep Period 5: 64% keep Period 7: 50% keep
By Gender: % of males for eliminating death penalty: 35% v. 65% % of females for eliminating the death penalty: 44% v. 56%
What accounts for the differences between genders on the death penalty?
EXAMPLE: CLASS DEATH PENALTY DATA
Lower income people In favor of government
programs
High income people Believe in less
government interventions because they do not receive the benefits of the programs
On non economical issues… Higher income people are MORE liberal in general. Why?
INCOME AND EDUCATION
Religion is one of the single most important indicators of someone’s beliefs
Non religious, Jewish, Members of mainline Protestant denominations, tend to be more liberal
Evangelicals, Southern Baptists, Pentecostals are more conservatives
Catholics? The Wild Card.
RELIGION
Younger voters = more liberal
City dwellers = more liberal
Upper Midwest = more liberal
More wealthy voters tend to be economic conservatives but social liberals
Democrats tend to focus on social issues, Republicans tend to focus on economic Issues
OTHER FACTORS
Red Counties v. Blue Counties
Total participants: 73 Democrats: 54 Republicans: 11 Green: 6 Libertarian: 1 Constitution Party: 1
Candidate Selection: Bernie Sanders: 45 Joe Biden: 5 Hillary Clinton: 7 Donald Trump: 4 Mike Huckabee: 3 Carly Fiorina: 3 Marco Rubio: 3 Ted Cruz: 1 Rick Santorum: 1 Ben Carson: 1
But wait… didn’t the same class samples also say they wanted to ban the death penalty by 30%
Hmmm…
YOUNG VOTES AND LIBERALISM: YOUR CLASSES