Psychology Review

Introduction to Psychology

Which of the following is NOT a goal of psychology?

a. Assumption

b. Explanation

c. Description

d. prediction

Answer: AAssumption

The study of behavior and mental processes.

What is psychology?

A psychologist who works with the legal system, court, and

correctional systems.

What is a forensic psychologist?

Private mental processes, such as thoughts and memories.

What are cognitive activities?

Type of psychologists who deal with people who have adjustment

problems.

What are counseling psychologists?

Perspective of psychology that examines the effects of factors

such as ethnicity, gender, culture, and socioeconomic status on

human behavior.

What is sociocultural?

Perspective of psychology that emphasizes the influence of biology

on behavior.

What is biological?

Individual who established the first psychology laboratory in Germany.

Who is Wilhelm Wundt?

Any action that people can observe.

What is behavior?

Type of psychologists who conduct research into basic processes,

such as the functions of the nervous system or sensation and

perception.

What is experimental?

Ancient Greek who believed that people could learn much about

themselves through introspection.

Who is Socrates?

Ancient Greek who believed that an imbalance in body humors could

explain behavior.

Who is Hippocrates?

Type of psychologists who study the psychological effects of the

environment on people’s behavior.

What are environmental?

Perspective of psychology that stresses the influence of

unconscious forces on human behavior.

What is psychoanalytic?

Psychologist who introduced the concept of reinforcement.

Who is B.F. Skinner?

A statement that attempts to explain why things are the way they

are and happen the way they do.

What is a theory?

Father of Psychology

Who is William James?

He studied how heredity influences a person’s abilities, character, and

behavior.

Who is Sir Francis Galton?

Type of psychologists who focus on people with psychological disorders

such as anxiety and depression.

What are clinical psychologists?

The practice of examining bumbs on a person’s skull to determine

that person’s intellect and character traits.

What is phrenology?

He proposed that a link existed between the mind and body.

Who is Rene Descartes?

A general approach to gathering information and answering

questions so that errors and biases are minimized. Psychologists rely on this to test and support many

theories.

What is the scientific method?

Physiologist who pioneered work in conditioning.

Who is Ivan Pavlov?

This process entailed cutting a hole into a person’s skull.

What is trepanning or trephaning?

Who wrote a psychology textbook in 1890?

Who is William James?

Type of psychologists who are involved in preparing standardized tests.

What are educational psychologists?

Which of the following individuals is also a physician?

a. Clinical psychologist

b. Experimental psychologist

c. Psychiatrist

d. Biological psychologist

Answer: CPsychiatrist

The part of the subconscious that wants instant gratification.

What is the “id”?

The concept of unconscious motivation was at the heart of

studies done by this psychologist.

Who is Sigmund Freud?

Part of the personality that is the source of conscience and counteracts the socially

undesirable impulses of the id.

What is the superego?

Psychology involves the study of behavior in

a. Animals only

b. Humans only

c. Animals and humans

d. Animals, humans, and plants

A psychologist who studies the basic elements of conscious mental experiences (e.g. an

apple)

What is a structuralist?

Jean Piaget and other cognitivists, concern themselves

with the way in which information is

a. Processed, stored, retrieved, and used

b. Encoded, decoded, and used

c. Developed and processed

d. Created and stored

Answer: AHow we process, store, retrieve,

and use information.

What are the four goals of psychology?

Describe behaviorExplain behaviorPredict behavior

Influence behavior