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Developed by Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D.Developed by Joseph A. Davis, Ph.D.
Abnormal Psychology Ninth Edition 9/eAbnormal Psychology Ninth Edition 9/e
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McGraw-Hill Copyright © 2005. This McGraw-Hill multimedia product and its contents are protected under copyright law. The following are prohibited by law: any public performance or display, including transmission over any network; preparation of any derivative work, including the extraction, in whole or part, of any images; any rental, lease, or lending of the program.
A PowerPoint™ Slide Presentation forA PowerPoint™ Slide Presentation for
Lauren B. Alloy, Ph.D.John H. Riskind, Ph.D.Margaret B. Manos
Lauren B. Alloy, Ph.D.John H. Riskind, Ph.D.Margaret B. Manos
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Chapter 3Chapter 3
Research Methods in Abnormal PsychologyResearch Methods in Abnormal Psychology
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Chapter Main PointsChapter Main Points
Characteristics of the Scientific Method Research Designs
Characteristics of the Scientific Method Research Designs
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Characteristics: Scientific MethodCharacteristics: Scientific Method
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Characteristics: Scientific MethodCharacteristics: Scientific Method
Skeptical Attitude Objectives:
Description Prediction Control Understanding
Skeptical Attitude Objectives:
Description Prediction Control Understanding
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Characteristics: Scientific Method Characteristics: Scientific Method
Internal Validity: Confounding Variables:
occurs when two or more causal factors are exerting an effect on the same thing at the same time, thus interfering with accurate measurement of the causal role of either one
Internal Validity: Confounding Variables:
occurs when two or more causal factors are exerting an effect on the same thing at the same time, thus interfering with accurate measurement of the causal role of either one
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Characteristics: Scientific MethodCharacteristics: Scientific Method
External Validity: Generalizability:
A research finding’s ability to be applied to difference populations, settings and conditions
Representativeness Sample: Degree to which the sample’s essential
characteristics match those of the populations we want to generalize about
External Validity: Generalizability:
A research finding’s ability to be applied to difference populations, settings and conditions
Representativeness Sample: Degree to which the sample’s essential
characteristics match those of the populations we want to generalize about
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Characteristics: Scientific MethodCharacteristics: Scientific Method
Scientific Procedures: The Hypothesis:
A tentative explanation for behavior Operational Definitions:
Defined in terms of operations that can be observed and measured
Scientific Procedures: The Hypothesis:
A tentative explanation for behavior Operational Definitions:
Defined in terms of operations that can be observed and measured
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Characteristics: Scientific MethodCharacteristics: Scientific Method
Methods of Control: Independent Variable:
A factor that is manipulated by the experimenters in an effort to measure its effects
Dependent Variable: A factor that will presumably be affected by the
manipulation of the independent variable and whose changes the experiment aims to measure
Methods of Control: Independent Variable:
A factor that is manipulated by the experimenters in an effort to measure its effects
Dependent Variable: A factor that will presumably be affected by the
manipulation of the independent variable and whose changes the experiment aims to measure
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Characteristics: Scientific MethodCharacteristics: Scientific Method
Methods of Control: Experimental Condition:
A condition in which the treatment is present Control Condition:
A condition in which the treatment is absent Random Assignment:
Assigning subjects randomly to the different groups in the experiment
Methods of Control: Experimental Condition:
A condition in which the treatment is present Control Condition:
A condition in which the treatment is absent Random Assignment:
Assigning subjects randomly to the different groups in the experiment
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Characteristics: Scientific MethodCharacteristics: Scientific Method
Minimizing the Expectation Effect: Demand Characteristics:
Subjects respond according to an experimenter’s expectations
Experimenter Effects: Knowledge of an experimental condition that can
bias an experimenter’s observations of behavioral results
Minimizing the Expectation Effect: Demand Characteristics:
Subjects respond according to an experimenter’s expectations
Experimenter Effects: Knowledge of an experimental condition that can
bias an experimenter’s observations of behavioral results
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Characteristics: Scientific MethodCharacteristics: Scientific Method
Minimizing the Effects of Expectations: Placebo Effect:
A substance that looks like a drug or other active substance but is actually an inert, or inactive, substance
Double-blind Procedure: Both the subject and the experimenter are kept
unaware as to which treatment is being administered
Minimizing the Effects of Expectations: Placebo Effect:
A substance that looks like a drug or other active substance but is actually an inert, or inactive, substance
Double-blind Procedure: Both the subject and the experimenter are kept
unaware as to which treatment is being administered
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Characteristics: Scientific MethodCharacteristics: Scientific Method
Statistical Inference: The Null Hypothesis:
The assumption that the independent variable has had no effect on the study or experiment
Clinical Significance: Can the clinical findings be of any real help in
treatment?
Statistical Inference: The Null Hypothesis:
The assumption that the independent variable has had no effect on the study or experiment
Clinical Significance: Can the clinical findings be of any real help in
treatment?
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Correlational ResearchCorrelational Research
Case-control Design: People diagnosed as having a particular
mental disorder are compared with controls Longitudinal Studies:
Behaviors of the same subject over an extended period of time
High-risk design
Case-control Design: People diagnosed as having a particular
mental disorder are compared with controls Longitudinal Studies:
Behaviors of the same subject over an extended period of time
High-risk design
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Epidemiological StudiesEpidemiological Studies
Incidence: The number of new cases of a disorder within
a given time period Prevalence:
The percentage of the population that has the disorder at a particular time
Duration: The average length of a given disorder
Incidence: The number of new cases of a disorder within
a given time period Prevalence:
The percentage of the population that has the disorder at a particular time
Duration: The average length of a given disorder
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Experimental DesignsExperimental Designs
Clinical Trials: Studying the effectiveness of treatments
Analogue Experiments: An experimental situation that is designed to
be analogous to “real life”
Clinical Trials: Studying the effectiveness of treatments
Analogue Experiments: An experimental situation that is designed to
be analogous to “real life”
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The Single-Case DesignThe Single-Case Design
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The Single-Case DesignThe Single-Case Design
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Recapping the Main PointsRecapping the Main Points
Characteristics of the Scientific Method Research Designs
Characteristics of the Scientific Method Research Designs
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End of Chapter 3End of Chapter 3
Research Methods in Abnormal PsychologyResearch Methods in Abnormal Psychology