PSICHOMACHIA OF PRUDENTIUS A Thesis · The two Spanish poets, Juvencus and St. Damasus, represent...

PSICHOMACHIA OF PRUDENTIUS

TEXT, TRANSLATION, AND COMMENTARY

A T h e s i s

P r e s e n te d t o

t h e F a c u lt y o f th e D ep artm en t o f C l a s s i c a l L a n g u a g es

The U n iv e r s i t y o f S o u th e r n C a l i f o r n i a

In P a r t i a l F u l f i l l m e n t

o f th e R e q u ir e m e n ts f o r th e D eg ree

M a ste r o f A r ts

S i s t e r C o r n e l ia J o se p h Lynch

A u gu st 1 9 5 3

UMI Number: EP60254

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UMI EP60254

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This thesis^ w ritten by

S.is.tQr-..C.o.rïi©.Ha...Jôs.aph...Lyiich. ^under the guidance of k.Q3i..Faculty Commit tee j and a p p ro ve d hy all its members , has been presented to and accepted by the Council on Graduate S tu dy and Research in par tia l fullf i lT ment of the requirements fo r the degree of

............................M a5.tô J E ..o ü ..A 3? . ta ..................................

Faculty Committee

Chairman

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TABLE OF COETEMTS

CHAPTER page

I . INTRODUCTION ................................................................................ 1

I I . PRUDENTIUS AND HIS CONTEMPORARY SETTING. . . . 5

I I I . TEXT— PSYCHOMACHIA..................................................................... 11

IV . ENGLISH TRANSLATION— THE WAR OF THE SOUL . . . 57

V . COMMENTARY.......................................................................................... 101

V I. SUMMARY AND OUTLINE..................................................................... 169

BIBLIOGRAPHY........................................................................................................ 174

CHAPTER I

INTRODUCTION

I n t h e f o l lo w in g t r e a t i s e on th e P sy o h o m a o h ia , I

h ave r e f r a i n e d a lm o s t e n t i r e l y from l i t e r a r y q u e s t i o n s ,

l a y i n g no i n t e n s i v e e m p h a s is upon t e x t u a l c o m p a r iso n s o f

s u r v iv in g m a n u s c r ip t s , V e r g i l i a n i n f l u e n c e , o r a l l e g o r i c a l

d e v e lo p m e n t . Bergman * s s y s t e m a t ic t r e a tm e n t o f t h e f i r s t

p ro b lem ap p eeœ s in C orpus S e r ip to r u m E c o le s ia s t io o r u m

L a t in o rum . vo lum e 6 1 . The se c o n d p ro b lem h a s b een

th o r o u g h ly c o v e r e d b y M ahoney i n h i s T e r g i l in th e Works o f

P r u d e n t iu s . H ow ever, a few c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e s h ave b e e n

c i t e d w h en ev er t h e y seem ed a s a id t o a m ore th o r o u g h u n d er

s t a n d in g o f t h e c o n t e x t . The f i r s t c h a p te r s o f A l l e g o r y o f

L ove b y L ew is a d e q u a t e ly c o v e r t h e l a s t - m e n t io n e d p o i n t .

The L a t in t e x t o f t h e P sy c h o m a ch ia i s t h a t u s e d b y

Bergm an. The app en ded f o o t n o t e s , by no m eans e x h a u s t iv e ,

in c lu d e b o th S c r ip t u r a l and T e r g i l i a n r e f e r e n c e s . H ow ever,

t h e y a d e q u a t e ly a ck n o w led g e P r u d e n t iu s ’ in d e b t e d n e s s f o r

th e b i b l i c a l and c l a s s i c a l p h r a s e o lo g y , t h e C h r i s t ia n and

pagan a tm o sp h e r e , and t h e s p i r i t u a l and s e c u l a r i n s p i r a t i o n

w h ich h a v e c o n t r ib u t e d t o t h e d e v e lo p m e n t o f t h i s f i r s t

p u r e ly a l l e g o r i c a l e p i c o f t h e l i t e r a t u r e o f t h e W est. The

on e aim i n t h e t r a n s l a t i o n h a s b e e n an a tte m p t t o c l a r i f y

O bscure v e r s e s , e n d e a v o r in g , h o w ev er , n o t t o w ander from

t h e t r u e s e n s e o f t h e t e x t , and n o t t o g i v e w ay t o

r h e t o r i c a l e la b o r a t io n f o r f e a r o f l o s i n g i t s a g e l e s s s i g

n i f i c a n c e a s a L a t in e p i c . As t h e w h o le poem i s v ib r a n t

w it h s p i r i t u a l i t y , I h ave a t te m p te d t o g i v e a l l p a s s a g e s

th e a tm o sp h ere r e q u ir e d f o r them b y S a c r e d S c r ip t u r e . By

many b i b l i c a l r e f e r e n c e s , d e f i n i t i o n o f t e i m s , and p a r a

p h r a s in g o f p a s s a g e s , t h e Commentary s t r e s s e s t h e r e l i g i o u s

to n e o f t h i s C h r i s t ia n e p i c . I t i s o f f e r e d a s i l l u m i n a t i v e

o f t h e poem , a s i t s p u r p o se i s t o b r in g add ed l i g h t and

p le a s u r e t o th e u n d e r s ta n d in g o f th e th e m e . The s e l e c t i o n

o f com m ents in c lu d e s t h o s e w h ic h o f n e c e s s i t y seem t o be

demanded f o r e v e n a s u p e r f i c i a l a p p r e c ia t io n o f P r u d e n t iu s '

m o t iv e in co m p o sin g t h i s w ork .

CHAPTEH I I

PRUD1OTIÜ3 IN ELS COKTBâPOHAHY SEOTINO

F or a b e t t e r u n d e r s ta n d in g o f th e p la c e t h a t

P r u d e n t iu s h o ld s i n t h e f i e l d o f C h r i s t ia n l i t e r a t u r e , i t

i s n e c e s s a r y t o n o t e t h e e r a i n w h ic h h e w as b o r n : a

p e r io d i n w h ic h t h e p agan em p ire o f Rome becam e C h r i s t ia n ;

t h a t p h a se o f C hurch h i s t o r y w h ic h saw C h r i s t i a n i t y em erge

tr iu m p h a n t from t h e l a s t o f t h e p e r s e c u t i o n s . W ith th e

e x c e p t io n o f th e b r i e f r e ig n o f J u l i a n th e A p o s t a t e , w h o se

r e p r e s s i v e m e a su r e s w ere u n a b le t o c h e c k t h e g r o w th o f t h e

C h urch , t h e l a s t h a l f o f t h e f o u r t h c e n t u r y m arked t h e

p a s s in g o f p agan ism and t h e sp r e a d o f C h r i s t i a n i t y , a

gro w th s o s i g n i f i c a n t t h a t a t t h e b e g in n in g o f t h e f i f t h

c e n tu r y t h e C h r i s t ia n f a i t h w as r e c o g n iz e d a s t h e bond o f

Roman u n i t y .

W ith t h i s c o n q u e s t o f C h r i s t i a n i t y , P a t r i s t i c

l i t e r a t u r e r e a c h e d i t s p r im e . G rea t t h e o l o g i c a l c o n t r o

v e r s i e s , c h i e f l y s o l i c i t o u s a b o u t t e a c h in g f a i t h , s a f e

g u a r d in g m o r a ls , and d e fe n d in g t h e p u r i t y o f d o c t r in e

a g a i n s t h e r e s y and i n t e r n a l s c h is m , g a v e r i s e t o n o t a b le

w ork s w h ic h p ro d u ced a v i t a l and l a s t i n g i n f l u e n c e on

c o n tem p o ra r y and su b s e q u e n t w r i t e r s . F or w h en ev er

r e l i g i o u s i d e a s a r e v i g o r o u s , l i t e r a t u r e i s p r o fo u n d ly

a f f e c t e d .

G rea t t e a c h e r s a r o s e th r o u g h o u t C h risten d o m and t h e

w r i t i n g o f t h e s e g i f t e d so n s o f H o ly M oth er Church r e

f l e c t e d t h e i n t e n s i t y o f th e r e l i g i o u s th o u g h t o f t h e e r a .

The h e a d q u a r te r s o f l i t e r a r y l i f e i n t h e E a s t f l o u r i s h e d a t

A le x a n d r ia and a t A n t io c h . The r i v a l r i e s o f th e num erous

s c h o l a r s and w r i t e r s o f t h e s e tw o c e n t e r s make an i n t e r e s t

i n g c h a p te r o f t h e o l o g i c a l h i s t o r y . The a d h e r e n ts o f th e

f i r s t s c h o o l d i s p la y e d a f o n d n e s s f o r t h a t a l l e g o r i c a l

i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f w h ich O r ig en had b e e n i n fo rm e r t im e s th e

m o st s c h o l a r l y ex p o n en t'. The A n t io c h e n e s , i n t u r n , a d o p te d

a m ore l i t e r a l and c r i t i c a l m eth od w h ic h e x p o s e d H o ly W rit

t o a m ore s c i e n t i f i c s c r u t i n y . L i t e r a r y p r o g r e s s w a s n o t ,

h o w e v e r , c o n f in e d t o t h e s e tw o c e n t e r s . The S c h o o l o f

E d e s s a , t h e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f w h ic h i s a t t r i b u t e d t o S t .

Ephraem , a l s o made i t s c o n t r i b u t i o n t o C h r i s t ia n l i t e r a t u r e .

T h ese S y r ia n F a th e r s f o l lo w e d th e l i t e r a l m ethod o f S c r ip

t u r a l i n t e r p r e t a t i o n , b u t t h e i r w r i t e r s w ere more p o e t i c a l ,

m y s t i c a l , and c o n te m p la t iv e th a n t h o s e o f A n t io c h . S t .

Ephraem , r e c o g n iz e d a s t h e g r e a t e s t o f th e S y r ia n F a t h e r s ,

h a s l e f t num erous w ork s w h ic h i n c lu d e se rm o n s, c o m m e n ta r ie s

on H o ly S c r i p t u r e , and hym ns.

C o n sp ic u o u s among t h e g ra n d p r o c e s s io n o f G reek

w r i t e r s and D o c to r s a r e E u s e b iu s P a m p h il i , ”P a th e r o f

Church H is t o r y ” ; S t . A t h a n a s iu s , w h ose c h i e f w o rk s w ere

w r i t t e n i n co n d e m n a tio n o f t h e A r ia n h e r e s y ; t h e t h r e e

g r e a t C a p p a d o c ia n s: S t . B a s i l t h e G r e a t , S t . G reg o ry o f

N y s s a , and S t . G reg o ry N a z ia n z e n w h ose a s c e t i c a l w r i t i n g s ,

d i s c o u r s e s , h o m i l i e s , and e p i s t l e s e x e r t e d a trem en d o u s

i n f l u e n c e th r o u g h o u t t h e c e n t u r i e s . S t . John C h ry so sto m ,

who r e p r e s e n t e d th e S c h o o l o f A n t io c h a t i t s b e s t , becam e

t h e m o st e lo q u e n t o r a t o r i n C h r i s t ia n h i s t o r y . H is t e a c h

i n g s w ere s o c l e a r and d e f i n i t e and o f su ch g r e a t im p o r t

a n c e t h a t h e w as c o n s id e r e d an a u t h o r i t y b y b o th G reek and

L a t in s c h o l a r s .

The t h e o l o g i c a l d i s p u t e s w h ich o c c u p ie d t h e a t t e n

t i o n o f t h e F a th e r s o f th e E a s t in v o lv e d c o m p a r a t iv e ly few

o f t h e F a th e r s o f t h e W e st. S t . H i la r y o f P o i t i e r s , how

e v e r , d e v o te d h i s t a l e n t s t o t h e A r ia n d i s p u t e and i s

c r e d i t e d w it h th e i n t r o d u c t i o n o f G reek s p e c u l a t i o n i n t o

th e W est. B e c a u se o f h i s w r i t i n g s h e i s term ed th e i n t e r

p r e t e r o f G reek t h e o l o g y f o r t h e L a t in C hurch .

The p r a c t i c a l and a p o l o g e t i c a l s p i r i t o f th e

w r i t i n g s o f t h e L a t in C hurch o f f e r e d a sh a rp n o te o f

c o n t r a s t t o t h e s p e c u l a t i v e to n e o f t h e E a s te r n F a t h e r s .

S t i l l t h e g r e a t D o c to r s o f W est drank d e e p ly from th e r i c h

w e l l - s p r i n g s o f e a s t e r n t h o u g h t . S t . J ero m e , t o whom th e

w o r ld i s in d e b t e d f o r t h e L a t in V u lg a t e , made u se o f t h e

w ork s o f O r ig e n , th e r i c h e s t s o u r c e o f s c r i p t u r a l m a t e r i a l

th e n e x i s t i n g . The w ork s o f S t . A m brose, t o o , th o u g h

l i t t l e c o n c e r n e d w it h t h e s p e c u l a t i o n s w h ic h o c c u p ie d th e

a t t e n t i o n o f t h e G reek F a t h e r s , r e f l e c t G reek i n f l u e n c e .

One o f t h e m o st p ro fo u n d t h in k e r s i n th e f i e l d o f

C h r is t ia n t h e o l o g y , S t . A u g u s t in e i s r e g a r d e d b y some a s

th e g r e a t e s t o f t h e D o c to r s o f t h e W est. He a d o p te d and

a p p l ie d t o t h e o l o g y w h a te v e r t r u t h he d is c o v e r e d i n P l a t o ,

C ic e r o , P l o t i n u s , and o t h e r p h i lo s o p h e r s . H is se r m o n s ,

l e t t e r s , p h i l o s o p h i c a l and c o n t r o v e r s i a l w ork s form a

v e r i t a b l e s t o r e h o u s e o f t h e o l o g y and s p i r i t u a l i t y . I t w as

th r o u g h h i s c o n t r i b u t i o n s t h a t t h e i n t e l l e c t u a l c e n t e r o f

th e w o r ld s h i f t e d from E a s t t o W e st , and un d er h i s g e n iu s

w e s te r n t h e o lo g y d e v e lo p e d an o r i g i n a l and c h a r a c t e r i s t i c

Roman s t y l e .

Though t h e w r i t i n g s o f t h e p e r io d w ere p r i n c i p a l l y

o f a d o g m a tic o r p o le m ic n a t u r e , t h e f i r s t b e g in n in g s o f

hymn w r i t i n g made i t s a p p ea r a n c e i n t h e W est u n d er t h e

g u id a n c e o f S t . Ambros e . H is w ork s c o n s t i t u t e th e f i r s t

e f f o r t s o f t h e C h r i s t ia n l y r i c and t r u e C h r i s t ia n p o e t r y

e a r n in g f o r him t h e t i t l e o f ”F a th e r o f C h r i s t ia n H ym nody.”

M e n tio n m u st be made o f S t . H i l a r y ' s e f f o r t s a t w r i t i n g

o r i g i n a l L a t in hym ns. H is c o m p o s i t io n s f a i l e d t o ta k e

r o o t , b u t t h e y a r e o f im p o rta n ce a s b e in g among th e f i r s t

a t t e m p ts a t C h r i s t ia n L a t in v e r s e .

The tw o S p a n is h p o e t s , J u v e n c u s and S t . D am asus,

r e p r e s e n t i n t h e i r w r i t i n g s new d e p a r tu r e s i n th e d e v e lo p

m ent o f p o e t i c fo rm s and th e m e s . The h e r o ic v e r s io n o f th e

fo u r g o s p e l s h y J u v e n c u s w as in t e n d e d t o a p p e a l t o e d u c a te d

C h r i s t i a n s and t o p r e v e n t them from a n y p o s s i b l e l a p s e i n t o

p agan b e l i e f s . The s e r i e s o f s h o r t e p ig r a m s o f S t . Dam asus

l e d t o th e c r e a t i o n o f hymns i n p r a i s e o f th e m a r t y r s , a s

e x e m p l i f i e d i n t h e P e r is t e p h a n o n o f P r u d e n t iu s .

Such w as t h e g r e a t c o n s t r u c t iv e p e r io d o f G reek and

L a t in C h r i s t ia n p r o s e and p o e t r y v& ioh su rr o u n d e d A u r e l iu s

P r u d e n t iu s C lm ie n s , t h e p o e t p ar e x c e l l e n c e o f t h i s e r a .

W r it in g n o t a s a p h i lo s o p h e r , t e a c h e r , n o r t h e o l o g i a n , b u t

a s a C h r i s t i a n la y m a n , h e e x p r e s s e d i n v e r s e t h e b e a u t i e s

and s p le n d o r o f C a t h o l i c t e a c h i n g and w o r s h ip , e s t a b l i s h i n g

f o r h i m s e l f t h e r i g h t t o be a c c o r d e d t h e f i r s t p la c e

am on gst t h e e a r l y C h r i s t i a n L a t in p o e t s . S c a n t in fo r m a t io n

a b o u t t h e e v e n t s o f h i s l i f e i s a v a i l a b l e . W hatever m ay be

r e a d i n t o t h e P r a e f a t i o t o h i s c o l l e c t e d w o r k s , c o u p le d

w it h t h e rem ark s s c a t t e r e d th r o u g h o u t t h e l a t t e r euid

su p p o r te d b y a few s e n t e n c e s from Be V i r i s I l l u s t r i b u s o f

G ra n n a d iu s , f u r n i s h e s l i m i t e d m a t e r i a l f o r a s k e tc h y

b io g r a p h y .

E x a m in a tio n o f h i s a u t o b io g r a p h ic a l p r e fa c e i n d i c a t e s

t h a t he w as b o rn i n t h e c o n s u l s h i p o f S a l i a (A .D . 3 4 8 ) in

S p a in n e a r th e P y r e n e e s . I n t e r n a l e v id e n c e c u l l e d from h i s

w r i t i n g s f i x t h r e e c i t i e s — T a r ra g o n a , C a la h o r r a , and

S a r a g o s s a — a s th e p r o b a b le p la c e o f h i s b i r t h . The l a s t

named i s m o st com m only g iv e n t h e h o n o r . P r u d e n t iu s m ust

h ave b e e n b o rn a C h r i s t ia n f o r he now here m e n t io n s h i s

c o n v e r s io n . Though h e t e l l s u s n o th in g o f h i s p a r e n t s , we

may i n f e r from h i s nam e, e d u c a t io n , and su b se q u e n t o f f i c i a l

c a r e e r t h a t h e came from a good and w e l l - b o r n f a m i ly who

saw to i t t h a t h e r e c e i v e d th e l i t e r a r y and r h e t o r i c a l

t r a i n i n g common t o h i s d a y . He m ust h a v e b r o u g h t t o h i s

s t u d i e s a m ind t h a t w as a c u t e , e lo q u e n t , and d i l i g e n t , a s

h i s l a t e r p o e t r y g i v e s am ple p r o o f o f h i s e x t e n s i v e know

le d g e o f c l a s s i c a l and e c c l e s i a s t i c a l l i t e r a t u r e . H is

p u b l ic c a r e e r a s a b a r r i s t e r and a s a p r o v i n c i a l g o v e r n o r

w as crow ned w i t h a n o t a b le d e g r e e o f s u c c e s s . I t i s

su p p o se d t h a t he t r a v e l e d t o Rome a b o u t 400 A .D . , w h ere he

w as f a v o r a b ly r e c e i v e d b y t h e Em peror who seem s t o have

b e sto w e d upon him some h o n o r a b le o f f i c e in h i s n a t i v e la n d .

At t h e a ge o f f i f t y - s e v e n , i t a p p e a r s t h a t h e had ta k e n

s t o c k o f h i s w o r ld ly a c h ie v e m e n ts and fo u n d them w a n t in g i n

t h e l i g h t o f e t e r n a l v a l u e s . P er h a p s t h i s r e s u l t e d i n a

s p i r i t u a l c r i s i s w i t h i n h i s own s o u l t h a t a r o u se d i n him

t h e i n t e n s e d e s i r e t o d e v o te h i s t a l e n t s and t h e r em a in d er

o f h i s d a y s t o th e s e r v i c e o f God and t h e sp r e a d o f H o ly

M o th er C h u rch . T h u s, to w a r d s t h e end o f h i s l i f e he s p e n t

h i s e f f o r t s t o prom ote t h e k ingdom o f God h y s i n g in g H is

p r a i s e s and u n f o ld in g H is t e a c h i n g s i n C h r i s t ia n v e r s e .

H is w o r k s , a l l o f w h ic h b e a r G reek t i t l e s , f a l l i n t o

t h r e e g r o u p s : l y r i c a l , d i d a c t i c , and p o le m ic a l . The

C a th em erin o n and t h e P e r is t e p h a n o n a r e e a c h l y r i c a l i n form

b u t t h e l a t t e r , b e c a u se o f i t s e p i c q u a l i t y , m ig h t a lm o s t

be d e s c r ib e d a s a b a l l a d . In t h e f i r s t w ork , P r u d e n t iu s

h a s p r e s e n t e d a group o f t w e lv e hym ns, w r i t t e n i n a v a r i e t y

o f l y r i c a l m e t e r s , a p p r o p r ia t e f o r u se a t c e r t a i n h o u r s o f

t h e d a y and f o r c e r t a i n C hurch f e a s t s . The se c o n d men

t i o n e d work i s a c o l l e c t i o n o f f o u r t e e n hymns d e d ic a t e d t o

t h e g l o r y o f p a r t i c u l a r m a r t y r s . The d i d a t i c poem .

A p o t h e o s i s , d e fe n d s t h e o r th o d o x d o c t r in e o f t h e B le s s e d

T r i n i t y , a t t h e same t im e r e f u t i n g h e r e t i c a l t e a c h i n g s on

t h e n a tu r e o f C h r i s t . H a r m a r t ig e n ia t r e a t s o f th e o r i g i n

o f s i n . The f i r s t b ook o f C o n tra O ration em Symmachi

la u n c h e s an a t t a c k on t h e p agan g o d s w h i le t h e se c o n d b o o k ,

i n r e f u t i n g Symmachus* s t a t e m e n t s , b ecom es a d e fe n c e o f

C h r i s t i a n i t y i n v e r s e . The D it t o o h a e o n . t o w h ic h no

a l l u s i o n i s made i n t h e P r a e f a t i o , c o n s i s t s o f f o r t y - n i n e

q u a t r a in s t h a t m ay h ave b e e n w r i t t e n t o s e r v e a s c a p t i o n s

f o r b i b l i c a l p i c t u r e s .

The P sy ch o m a o h la r e l a t e s i n e p ic form th e c o n q u e s t

o f V ir tu e o v e r V ic e . R e f l e c t i n g th e fo rm , m e te r , and

p h r a s e o lo g y o f t h e c l a s s i c a l t r a d i t i o n and C h r i s t ia n s e n t i

m en t, i t a p p ea red i n a l l i t s o r i g i n a l i t y a s t h e f i r s t

C h r i s t ia n a l l e g o r y . In t h e p e r s o n i f i c a t i o n o f t h e v i c e s

and v i r t u e s , he w as i n s p i r e d , no d o u b t , b y t h e w ork s o f th e

e a r l y L a t in F a t h e r s , p a r t i c u l a r l y b y T e r t u l l i a n ' s De

S p e c t a c u l i s i n w h ich p a s s a g e s r e v e a l s i m i l a r i t y t o th e

c e n t r a l i d e a l o f t h e P sy c h o m a c h ia .

Thus d id P r u d e n t iu s , s t e e p e d i n c l a s s i c a l s k i l l and

m o t iv a te d b y C h r i s t ia n s p i r i t u a l i t y , u n i t e s c h o la r s h ip euad

C a t h o l ic t h o u g h t . In him t h e c l a s s i c a l p a s t emd C h r i s t ia n

t r u t h s m et t o c a s t t h e m old t h a t w as t o i n s p i r e many p o e t s

o f t h e M id d le A g e s .

CHAPTER I I I

PRAEFATIO

S e n e x f i d e l i s , prim a c r e d e n d i u i a

Abram ,^ b e a t i s e m in is s e r u s p a t e r ,

a d i e c t a c u iu s nomen a u x l t s y l l a b a ,

Abram p a r e n t i d i c t u s , Abraham d e o ,

s e n i l e p ig n u s q u i d i c a u i t u ie t im a e 5

d o c e n s , ad aram cum l i t a r e q u i s u e l i t ,

quod d u lc e c o r d i , quod p ium , quod unicum

deo l i b e n t e r o ffe r e n d u m c r e d i t o ,

p u gn are n osm et cum p r o f a n i s g e n t ib u s

s u a s i t suumque s u a s o r exem plum d e d i t 10

n ee a n te p ro lem c o n iu g a le m g ig n e r e

deo p la c e n te m , m at r e u i r t u t e e d i t am,

quam s t r a g e m u lta b e l l i c o s u s s p i r i t u s

p o r t e n t a c o r d i s s e r u i e n t i s u i c e r i t .

V lotum f e r o c e s f o r t e r e g e s c e p e r a n t 15

L o th inm orantem c r i m in o s i s u r b ib u s ,2Sodomae e t G om orrae, q u as f o u e b a t adu en a

p o l l e n s h o n o re p a t r u e l i s g l o r i a e .

^ G en. 1 5 : 6 : O r e d id i t Abram Deo . . .

^ I b i d . . 1 3 :1 2 : L o t v e r o m o r a tu s e s t i n o p p i d i s ,! . . . e t h a b i t a v i t i n S o d o m is .

Abram s l n i s t r l s e x c i t â t u s n u n t i i s

a u d it propinquum s o r t e capturn b e l l i c a 20

s e r u i r e d u r is barbarorum u i n c u l i s .

a im a t t r e e o n t o s t e r q u e s e n o s u e r n u la s ,

p e r g a n t u t h o s t i s t e r g a e u n t l s c a e d e r e ,

quern g a z a d iu e s ac tr iu m fu s n o b i l i s

c a p t i s t e n e b a n t in p e d itu m c o p i i s . 25

q u in i p s e ferru m s t r i n g i t e t p le n u s deo

r e g e s su p e r b o s m o le praedarum g r a u e s

p e l l i t f u g a t o s , s a u e i a t o s p r o t e r i t .

f r a n g i t c a t e n a s e t rap in am l i b é r â t :

aurum , p u e l l a s , p a r u u lo s , m o n i l i a , 30

o u e s , equarum u a s a , u e s te m , b u c u la s .4L o th i p s e r u p t i s e x p e d i t u s n e x ib u s

a t t r i t a b a c i s c o l l a l i b e r e r i g i t ,

Abram t r i u m f i d i s s i p â t o r h o s t i c i

r e d i t r e c e p t a p r o le f r a t r i s i n c ly i j u s , 35

n e quam f i d e l i s s a n g u in is p r o sa p ia m

u i s p essim oru m p o s s i d e r e t p r in c ip u m .

adhue r e c e n te m c a e d e de t a n t a u iru m

d o n a t s a c e r d o s f e r c u l i s c a e l e s t i b u s .

® G en. 1 4 :1 4 : . . . n u m er a v it e x p e d i t e s v e r n a c u lo ssu o s t e r c e n t o s decern e t o c t o .

^ A en. 8 : 2 2 5 : r u p t i s . . . c a t e n i s .

d e l s a c e r d o s r e x e t id em p r a e p o te n s 40

[ o r ig o c u iu s f o n t e i n e n a r r a b i l i

s e c r e t a n u llu m p r o d i t a u c to re m s u i ^

M e lc M s e d e c , qua s t i r p e , q u i s m a io r ib u s

i g n o t u s , u n i c o g n i t u s tan tu m d e o .

mox e t t r i f o r m i s a n g e lo ru m t r i n i t a s 45

s e n i s r e u i s i t h o s p i t i s m a p a l ia ,

e t iam u ie ta m S a r r a i n aluum f e r t i l l s

munus iu u e n ta e m a te r e x s a n g u is s t u p e t

h e r e d e g a u d en s e t c a c b in n i p a e n i t e n s .

Haec ad f ig u r a m p r a e n o t a t a e s t l i n e a , 5 0

quam n o s t r a r e c t o u i t a r e s o u lp a t p e d e :

u ig ila n d u m i n a m i s p ec to ru m f id e l iu m

omnemque n o s t r i p o r t io n e m c o r p o r i s ,

quae c a p ta fo e d a e s e r u i a t l i b i d i n i ,

domi c o a c t i s l ib e r a n d a m u i r i b u s , 55

n o s e s s e l a r g e u ern u la ru m d i u i t e s ,

s i , q u id t r e c e n t i b i s n o u e n is a d d i t i s

p o s s i n t , f i g u r a n o u er im u s m y s t io a .

mox i p s e C h r i s t u s , q u i s a c e r d o s u e r u s e s t ,

p a r e n te n a tu s a l t o e t i n e f f a b i l i , 6 0

cib um b e a t i s o f f e r e n s u i c t o r i b u s

® G en. 1 4 :1 8 ; . . . s a c e r d o s D e l a l t i s s i m i .

paruam p u d ic i c o r d i s i n t r a b i t casam

m o n str a n s bonorem t r i n i t a t i s h o s p i t a e ;

animam d e in d e s p i r i t u s c o n p le x ib u s

p i e m ari tarn, p r o l i s e x p e r t em d i u , 65

f a c i e t p e r e n n i f e r t i l e m de s e m in e ,

tu n c s e r a dotem p o s s id e n s p u e r p e r a

h e r e d e d ig n o p a t r i s i n p l e b i t domum.

PSÎCHOMAOHIA

6C h r i s t e , g r a u e s homlnum sem per m ls e r a t e X a b o r e s ,

q u i p a t r i a u i r t u t e c l u i s p r o p r ia q u e s e d u n a -

unum namque deum c o lim u s de nom ine u t r o q u e ,

n on tam en e t so lu m , q u ia t u d eu s e x p â t r e , C h r i s t e -

d i s s e r e , r e x n o s t e r , quo m i l i t e p e l l e r e c u lp a s 5

m ens arm ata q u e a t n o s t r i de p e c t o r i s a n t r o ,

e x o r i t u r q u o t ie n s t u r b a t i s s e n s ib u s i n t u s

s e d i t i o a t que animam morborum r i x a f a t i g a t ,

quod tu n e p r a e s id iu m p ro l i b e r t a t e tu e n d a

q u aeu e a c i e s f u r i i s i n t e r p r a e c o r d ia m i x t i s 107

o b s i s t a t m e l io r e memu. n e c e n im , b on e d u ct o r ,

magnarum u ir tu tu m in o p e s n e r u is q u e c a r e n t e s

c h r i s t i c o l a s u i t i i s p o p u la n t ib u s e x p o s u i s t i ;

i p s e s a l u t i f e r a s o b s e s s o i n c o r p o r a tu rm as

d ep u gn are i u b e s , i p s e e x c e l l e n t i b u s arm as 15

a r t i b u s in g e n iu m , q u ib u s ad l u d i b r i a c o r d i s

obpugnanda p o te n s t i b i d im ic e t e t t i b i u i n c a t .

u in e e n d i p r a e s e n s r a t i o e s t , s i eomm inus i p s a s

u ir tu tu m f a c i è s e t c o n l u c t a n t i a c o n t r a

A en . 6 : 5 6 : P b o e b e , g r a v i s T r o ia e sem per m is e r a t el a b o r e s .

I b i d . , 1 : 1 4 8 f f . : v e l u t i magno in p o p u lo oum sa e p e o o o r ta e s t s a e v i t q u e a n im is i g n o b le v u lg u s .

u i r ib u s i n f e s t i s l i e e a t p o r t e n t a n o t a r e . 20

Prim a p e t i t eampum d u b ia sub s o r t e d u e l l i

p u g n a tu ra F id e s a g r e s t i t u r b id a c u l t u ,

nuda u m ero s , in t o n s a co m a s, e x e r t a l a c e r t o s ;

namque r e p e n t in u s l a u d i s c a l o r ad n ou a f e r u e n s

p r o e l i a n e c t e l i s m em in it n e c te g m in e c i n g i , 25

p e c t o r e s e d f i d e n s u a l id o m em b risq ue r e t e c t i s

p r o u o c a t i n s a n i fr a n g e n d a p e r i c u l a b e l l i ,

e c c e la c e s s e n t e m c o n l a t i s u i r i b u s a u d e t

prim a f e r i r e Fidem u eteru m C u ltu r a deorum .0

i l i a h o s t i l e c a p u t f a l e r a t a q u e tem p era u i t t i s 30

a l t i o r in s u r g e n s ^ l a b e f a c t a t e t o r a c r u o r e

de pecudum s a t i a t a s o l o a d p l i c a t e t p ed e c a l e a t

e 1 1 8 0 8 i n m o rte o c u lo s animamque m align am

f r a c t a î n t e r c e p t i com m ercia g u t t u r i s a r t a n t

d i f f i c i l e m q u e o b itu m s u s p i r i a lo n g a f a t i g a n t . 35

e x u l t â t u i c t r i x l e g i o , quam m i l l e c o a cta m

m a r ty r ib u s r e g in a F id e s a n im a r a t i n h o s te m .

nunc f o r t e s s o c i o s p a r t a p ro la u d e c o r o n a t

f l o r i b u s a r d e n t iq u e i u b e t u e s t i r i e r o s t r o .

Exim gram in eo i n campo c o n c u r r e r e prom pt a 40

® A en . 2 :1 3 3 : . . . e t c ir cu m tem p ora v i t t a e .

I b i d . . 1 2 :9 0 1 : . . . a l t i o r e x s u r g e n s .

u ir g o P u d i c i t i a s p e e i o s i s f u l g e t in a n a is ,^ ^

quam p a t r i a s s u c c i n c t a f a c e s S o d o m ita L ib id o

a d g r e d i t u r p iceam q u e a r d e n t i s u lp u r e pinum

i n g e r i t i n fa c ie m p u d ib un daqu e lu m in a fla m m is

a d p e t i t e t t a e t r o te m p ta t su b fu n d e r e fu m o , 45

s e d d ex tram f u r i a e f l a g r a n t i s e t ig n e a d ir a e

t e l a lu p a e sa x o f e r i t i n p e r t e r r i t a u ir g o

e x c u s s a s q u e s a e r o t a e d a s d e p e l l i t ab o r e .

tu n c e x a rm a ta e iu g u lu m m e r e t r i c i s a d a c to

t r a n s f i g i t g l a d i o ; c a l i d o s u o m it i l i a u a p o r e s 50

sa n g u in e c o n c r e t o s c a e n o s o , s p i r i t u s i n de

s o r d id u s e x h a la n s u i c i n a s p o l l u i t a u r a s .

'h o c h a b e t , '^ ^ e x c la m a t u i c t r i x r e g i n a , 'su p rem u s

h ie t i b i f i n i s e r i t , sem per p r o s t r a t a i a c e b i s

n e c iam m o rti f e r a s a u d e b is s p a r g e r e flem m as 55

i n fa m u lo s fa m u la su e d e i , q u ib u s in t im a c a s t !

u en a a n im i s o l a f e r u e t de lam pade C h r i s t i .

t e n e , o u e x a t r i x hominum, p o t u i s se r e s u m p t is

u i r i b u s e x t i n c t i c a p i t i s r e c a l e s c e r e f l a t u ,

A ssy r iu m postq u am thalam um c e r u ix O l o f e r n i s 60

c a e s a c u p id in e o m adefactu m s a n g u in e l a u i t

gemmantemque toru m m o ech i d u e is a s p e r a l u d i t h

A en. 1 1 :7 6 9 : . . . f u l g e b a t i n a r m is .

I b i d . . 1 2 :2 9 6 : "boo h a b e t . ’*

s p r e u i t e t i n é e s t o s o o n p e s c u i t e n s e f u r o r e s ,13famosum m u l ie r r e f e r a n s e x h o s t e trop aeu m

n on t r é p id a n t e m anu, u in d e x mea c a e l i t u s a u d a x î 65

a t f o r t a s s e parum f o r t i s m a tr o n s sub umbra

l e g i s adbuc p u g n a n s , dum tem p ora n o s t r a f i g u r â t ,

u e r a q u ib u s u i r t u s t e r r e n a i n c o r p o r a f l u x i t ,

gra n d e p e r in f i r m e s c a p u t e x c i s u r a m i n i s t r o s :

num quid e t i n t a c t a e p o s t partum u i r g i n i s , u llu m 70

f a s t i b i iam s u p e r e s t ? p o s t partum u i r g i n i s e x quo

c o r p o r i s hum ani natu ram p r i s t i n a o r ig o

d e s e r u i t carnem que nouam u i s a rd u a s e u i t

a tq u e in n u p ta deum c o n c e p i t fe m in a C h r is tu m ,

m o r t a l i de m a tre hominem s e d oum p â tr e num en. 75

in d e om n is iam d iu a c a r o e s t , quae c o n c i p i t i l i u m

naturam que d e i c o n s o r t i s f o e d e r e s u m it .

uerbum q u ip p e c a r o fa c tu m non d e s t i t i t e s s e

quod f u e r a t , uerbum , dum c a r n i s g l u t i n a t usum ,

m a ie S ta te quidam non d e g e n e r a n te p e r usum

c a r n i s , se d m is e r o s ad n o b i l i o r a t r a h e n t e .

i l l e m a n e t , quod sem per e r a t , quod non e r a t , e s s e

1 PJ u d it h 1 3 : 1 0 : E t p e r ç u s s i t b i s i n c e r v ic e m e j u s ,

e t a b s c i d i t c a p u t e j u s , e t a b s t u l i t conopeum e j u s a c o lu m n is , e t e v o l v i t e o r p u e j u s tru ncum .

C eo. 3 : 3 2 : . . • manu d i v e r s e e x h o s t e t r o p a e a .

i n c i p i e n s ; n o s , quod fu im u s , iam non suraus, a u c t i

n a s o e n do i n m e l iu s : m ih i c o n t u l i t e t s i b i m a n s i t ,

n e c d e u s e x n o s t r i s m in u it s u a , se d su a n o s t r i s 85

dum t r i b u i t , n o sm et dona ad c a e l e s t i a u e x i t .

dona h a e c s u n t , quod u i c t a i a c e s , l u t u l e n t a L ib id o ,

n e c mea p o s t M ariam p o t i s e s p e r f r in g e r e iu r a .14t u p r in c e p s ad m o r t i s i t e r , t u ia n u a l e t l ,

c o r p o r a c o n m a cu la n s a n im as i n t a r t a r a m e r g i s . 90

abde c a p u t t r i s t i iam , f r i g i d a p e s t i s , a b y s s o ,

o c c i d e , p r o s t ib u lu m , m anes p e t e , c la u d e r e A u e m o ,

in q u e ten eb ro su m n o c t i s d e t r u d e r e fundumZ

t e u o lu a n t s u b t e r uada flam m ea , t e u ad a n i g r a ,

s u lp u r e u s q u e r o t e t p e r s t a g n a s o n a n t ia u e r t e x , 95

n e c iam c h r i s t i c o l a s , fu r ia r u m m axim a, t e m p t e s ,

u t p u r g a ta su o s e r u e n t u r c o r p o r a r e g i . •

d i x e r a t h a e c e t l a e t a L i b i d i n i s i n t e r f e c t a e15

m o rte P u d i c i t i a g la d iu m l o r d a n i s i n u n d is

a b l u i t in f e c t u m , s a n i e s c u i r o r e r u b e n t i 100

h a e s e r a t e t n it id u m m a c u la r a t u u ln e r e fer ru m .

e x p i â t e r g o a c iem f l u u i a l i d o c t a la u a c r o

u i c t r i c e m u i c t r i x a b o le n s b a p t is m a te labem

h o s t i l i s i u g u l i n e c iam c o n t e n t a p ia tu m

A en . 3 :6 6 1 : . . . p a t e t i s t i ia n u a l e t o .

M arc. 1 : 5 : . . . i n J o r d a n ie f lu m in e .

soc o n d e r e u a g in a e g la d iu m , n e t e c t a r u b ig o 105

o c c u p e t a b lu tu m s c a b r o s a so r d e n i t o r e m ,

c a t h o l i c o i n tem p lo d i u i n i f o n t i s ad aram

c o n s e c r a t , a e t e r n a s p le n d e n s u b i l u c e c o r u s c e t .

E cce m o d e sta g r a u i s t a b a t P a t i e n t i a u u l t u

p e r m é d ia s in m o ta a c i e s u a r io s q u e tu m m u ltu s 1 1 0

u u ln e r a q u e e t r i g i d i s u i t a l i a p e r u ia p i l i s

s p e c t a b a t d e f i x a o c u lo s e t l e n t a m a n e b a t.

hanc p r o c u l I r a tu m e n s , sp u m a n ti f e r u i d a r i c t u ,

s a n g u in e a in t o r q u e n s s u b fu so lu m in a f e l l e ,1 ft

u t b e l l i e x s o r t em t e lo q u e e t u o c e l a c e s s i t 115

in p a t ie n s q u e m orae c o n to p e t i t , in c r e p a t o r e

h y r s u t a s q u a t ie n s g a l e a t o i n u e r t i c e c r i s t a s :

*en t i b i , M a r t i s , ' a i t , ' s p e c t a t r i x l i b e r a n o s t r i ,

e x c ip e m o r tiferu rn se c u r o p e c t o r e ferru m

n ec d o l e a s , q u ia tu r p e t i b i g e m u is s e d o lo r e m .' ISO17

s i c a i t e t s t r i d e n s s e q u i t u r c o n u i c ia p in u s

p e r t e n e r o s c r i s p â t a n o t o s e t c e r t a sub ip su m

d e f e r t u r stom achum r e c to q u e i n l i d i t u r i c t u ,

s e d r e s i l i t duro l o r i c a e e x c u s s a r e p u l s u .

p r o u id a nam u i r t u s c o n s e r t o adam ants t r i l i e e m 1S5

A en. 1 0 :6 4 4 : . • . t e l i s e t v o c e l a c e s s i t .

I b i d . . 1 : 1 4 2 : s i c a i t e t . . .

81în d u e r a t th o r a c a urneris squam osaque f e r r i

t e x t a p e r l u t o r t o s c o u m is e r a t u n d iq u e n e r u o s ;

in d e q u ie t a m an et P a t i e n t i a , f o r t i s ad om nes

te lo r u m n im b es e t non p e n e t r a b i l e d u r a n s ,

n e c m ota e s t i a c u l o m o n s t r i s in e m ore f u r e n t i s 130

o p p e r ie n s p r o p r i i s p e r itu r a m u ir b u s Iram .

s c i l i c e t in d o m ito s p o s t quam stom achan do l a c e r t o s

b a r b a r e b e l l a t r i x in p e n d e r a t e t ia c u lo r u m

nube superuacuam l a s s a u e r a t i n r i t a d e x tra m ,

oum u e n to s a l e u i c e c i d i s s e n t t e l a u o la t u 135

i a c t i b u s e t u a c u is h a s t i l i a f r a c t a i à c e r e n t ,

u e r t i t u r ad capulum m anus in p r o b a e t e n s e c o r u s c o

c o n i s a i n p lagam d e x t r a s u b l im is ab a u ra

e r i g i t u r m edium que f e r i t l i b r a t a c ereb ru m . *

a e r e a se d c o c t o c a s s i s f o m a t a m é t a l lo 140

t in n it u m p e r ç u s s a r e f e r t a c iem q u e r e t u n d i t

du ra r e s u l t a n t e m , f r a n g i t quoque u en a r e b e l l i s/

in l i s u m cb a ly b e m , dum c e d e r e n e s c i a c a s s o s

e x c i p i t a d s u l t u s f e r i e n t i e t t u t a r e s i s t i t .

I r a u b i t r u n c a t i m u c r o n is fr a g m in a u i d i t 145

e t p r o c u l i n p a r t e s ensem c r e p u i s s e m in u ta s ,

iam capulu m r e t i n e n t e manu s in e p on d éré f e r r i

m e n t is in o p s eb u r i n f e l i x d e c o r is q u e p u d en d i

p e r f i d a s ig n a a b i c i t m onum entaque t r i s t i a lo n g e

ass p e r n i t e t ad p rop riu m s u e e e n d i t u r e f f e r a l e t i m . 1 5 0

m i s s i l e de m u l t i s , quae f r u s t r a s p a r s e r a t , unum

p u lu e r e de cam pi p e r u e r s o s su m it i n u s u s :

r a s i l e f i g i t humi lig n u m ac s e c u s p id e u e r s a

p e r f o d i t e t c a l i d o pulmonem u u ln e r e t r a n s i t .

quam s u p e r a d s i s t e n s P a t i e n t i a : ♦ u io im u s ,^ i n q u i t , 155

’e x u l t a n s u i t iu m s o l i t a u i r t u t e s in e u l l o

s a n g u in is a c u i t a e d i s c r im i n e ; l e x h a b e t i s t u d

n o s t r a g e n u s b e l l i , f u r i a s omnemque m alorum

m i l i t i a m e t r a b id a s t o le r a n d o e x t in g u e r e u i r e s .

i p s a s i b i e s t h o s t i s u a e s a n ia s e q u e fu r e n d o 160

i n t e r i m i t m o r itu r q u e s u i s I r a ig n e a t e l i s . *

h a e c e f f a t a s e c a t m é d ia s in p u n e c o h o r t e s

e g r e g io c o m ita ta u i r o ; nam p r o x im u s lo b

h a e s e r a t i n u i c t a e d u ra I n t e r b e l l a m a g i s t r a e ,

f r o n t e s e u e r u s adhuc e t m u lto f u n er e a n h e lu s , 165

se d iam c la u s a t r u c i s u b r id e n s u l c e r s u u l t u

p e r q u e c ic a t r ic u m numerum s u d a ta r e c e n s o n s

m i l i a pugnarum , su a p r a e m ia , d e d e e u s h o s t i s .

i l i u m d iu a i u b e t tandem r e q u î e s c e r e ab omni

armorum s t r e p i t u c a p t i s e t p e r d i t a quaeque 170

m u l t i p l i e a r e o p ib u s n ec iam p e r i t u r a r e f e r r e .

i p s a g lo b o s le g io n u m e t c o n c u r r e n t i a ru m p it

agm ina u u l n i f e r o s g r a d ie n s I n t a c t a p e r im b r e s .

om nibus una com es u i r t u t i b u s a à s o c i a t u r

a u x iliu m q u e suum f o r t i s P a t i e n t i a m i s c e t . 175

n u l l a a n e e p s lu c ta m e n i n i t u i r t u t e s i n e i s t a

u i r t u s e t u id u a e s t , quam non P a t i e n t i a f i r m a t .

P o r te p e r e f f u s a s i n f l a t e S u p e r b ia t u m a s

e f f r e n i u o l i t a b a t e q u o , quem p e l l e l e o n i s

t e x e r a t e t u a l i d o s u i l l i s o n e r a u e r a t a r m e s , 160

quo se f u i t a i u b i s i a o t a n t i u s i l i a f e r i n i s

i n f e r r e t tu m id o d i s p e c t a n s agm ina f a s t u .

tu r r i tu m t o r t i s c a p u t a d cu m u la ra t i n a ltu m

c r i n i b u s , e x s t r u c t o s a u g e r e t u t a d d it a c i r r o s

c o n g e r i e s ce lsu m q u e a p ic em f r o n s a rd u a f e r r e t . 186

c a r b a s e a e x urn eris summo c o l l e c t a c o ib a t

p a l l a s in u t e r e t e m n e c t e n s a p e c to r e nodum;

a c e r u i c e f l u e n s t e n u i u e la m in e lim b u s

c o n c i p i t i n f e s t a s t e x t i s t u r g e n t ib u s a u r a s .

n e c m in u s i n s t a b i l i s o n ip e s f e r i t a t e s u p e r b i t 1 9 0

i n p a t i e n s m a d id is f r e n a r i e r o r a l u p a t i s ,

h u e i l l u c f r e n d e n s o b u e r t i t t e r g a n e g a t e

l i b e r t a t e fu g a e p r e s s i s q u e t u m e s c i t h a b e n is .

h o c s e s e o s t e n t a n s h a b i t u u e n to s a u ir a g o1 6

i n t e r utram que a c ie m su p e r e m in e t e t f a le r a t u m 195

c i r c u m f l e c t i t equum u u ltu q u e e t u o c e m in a tu r

A en. 3 : 6 8 5 : i n t e r utram que v ia m . . .

aduersum s p e c t a n s cuaeum , quem m i l i t e r a r o

e t p a u p e r t i n i s ad b e l l a c o e g e r a t a m i s

M ens H u m il i s , r e g in a quidem s e d e g e n s a l i e n i

a u x i l i i p p o p io n e c s a t c o n f i s a p a r a tu . 200

Spem s i b i c o l le g a m o o n iu n x e r a t , é d i t a c u iu s

e t s u s p e n s e ab humo e s t O p u le n t ia d i u i t e r e g n o .

e r g o Humilem p o s t quam m a le sa n a S u p e r b ia M entem

u i l i b u s in s tr u e ta r n n u l l o o s t e n ta m in e t e l i s

a s p i c i t , i n uocem d i c t i s s e e f f u n d i t a m a r is : 205

♦non p u d e t , o m i s e r i , p l e b e io m i l i t e o l a r o s

a d te m p ta r e d u c e s f e r ro q u e l a c e s s e r e gen tem

in s ig n e m t i t u l i s , u e t e r e s c u i b e l l i c a u i r t u s

d i u i t i a s p e p e r i t l a e t o s e t g ra m in e c o l l e s

im p e r io c a l c a r e d e d i t ? nunc adu en a nudus 210

n i t i t u r a n t i q u o s , s i f a s e s t , p e l l e r e r e g e s î

en q u i n o s t r a s u i s in praedam c e d e r e d e x t r i s

s c e p t r a u o lu n t , en q u i n o s t r a s s u lc a r e n o u a le s

aru aq u e c a p ta manu p o p u la r ie r b o s p i t e a r a tr o

c o n te n d u n t d u ro s e t p e l l e r e M arte c o lo n o s ! 215

nem pe-o r id ic u lu m u u lg u s î - n a t a l i b u s h o r i s

to tu m hominem e t c a l i d o s a m a tre a m p le c tim u r a r t u s

uim que p o te s ta tu m p e r membra r e c e n t i s a lu m n i

sp a rg im u s e t r u d ib u s dominamur i n o s s ib u s om nes.

q u i s l o c u s i n n o s t r a tu n c u o b is s e d e d a b a tu r , 2 2 0

c o n g e n i t i s cum r é g n a s lm u l d lo io n ib u s aeq u o

ro b u r e e r e s c e b a n t ? n a t i nam l u c e sub una

e t domus e t d o m in i p a r ib u s a d o lu e im u s a n n l s ,

e x quo p la sm a nouum de e o n s a e p to p a r a d i s i

l i m i t e p r o g r e d ie n s amplum t r a n s f u g i t i n orbem 22519p e l l i t o s q u e h a b i t u s su m p s it u e n e r a b i l i s Adam,

n u d u s a d h u c , n i n o s t r a f o r e t p r a e c e p ta s e c u t u s .

qu isn am i s t e i g n o t i s h o s t i s nunc s u r g i t ab o r i s

in p o r t u n u s , i n e r s , i n f e l i x , d e g e n e r , am ena,

q u i s i b i tarn serum i u s u i n d i c a t , h a c te n u s e x u l? 230

n im irum u acu ae c r e d e n tu r f r i u o l a fa m a e ,

quae m is e r o s o p ta r e i u b e t quandoque f u t u r !

spem f o r t a 8s e b o n i , l e n t a u t s o l a c i a m o llem

d e s id ia m p ig r o rerum me d i t am ine p a lp e n t .

q u id , n i i l l o s s p e s p a lp e t i n e r s , q u o s p u lu e r e i n i s t o 235

t i r o n e s B e l lo n a t r u c i non e x c i t â t a e r e

i n b e l l e s q u e an im os u i r t u s t e p e f a c t a r e s o l u i t ?

ann e P u d i c i t i a e g e lid u m i e c u r u t i l e b e l l o e s t ,

an ten eru m p i e t a t i s o p u s s u d a tu r in a r m is?

quam p u d e t , o M auros e t V ir t u s c o n s c i a , ta le m 240

c o n t r a s t a r e a c ie m fe r r o q u e l a c e s s e r e n u g a s

e t cum u i r g i n e i s d ex tram c o n f e r r e c h o r a e i s .

G en. 3 : 2 1 : F e c i t quo que Dom inus D eus Adae e tu x o r i e j u s t u n i c a s p e l l i c e a s , e t i n d u i t e o s .

l u s t i t i a e s t u b l sem per e g e n s e t p a u p er H o n e s t a s ,

a r id a S o b r i e t a s , a lb o l e i u n i a u u l t u ,

sa n g u in e u ix t e n u i P ud or i n t e r f u s u s , a p e r ta 845

S i m p l i c i t é s e t ad omne p a t e n s s i n e te g m in e u u ln u s

e t p r o s t r a t a i n humum n e c l i b e r a i u d i c e s e s e

Mens Humil i s , quam d egen erem t r e p i d a t i o p r o d i t î

fa x o e g o , su b p e d ib u s s t ip u la r u m m ore t e r a t u r

in u a i i d a i s t a m anus; n eq u e en im p e r f r in g e r e d u r i s 250

dlgn am ur g l a d i i s a l g e n t i e t s a n g u in e ferrum ^^

in b u e r e f r a g i l i q u e u i r o s f o e d a r e t r iu m fo .*

T a l ia u o c i f e r a n s rap id u m c a l c a r i b u s u r g e t

c o m ip e d e m la x is q u e u o l a t t e m e r a r ia f r e n i s

bo stem hum ilem c u p ie n s in p u l s u um b onis e q u in i 855

s t e r n e r e d e iec ta m q u e s u p e r c a lc a r e ru in am .

se d c a d i t i n foueam p r a e c e p s , quam c a l l i d a f o r t e

F ra u s i n t e r c i s o s u b fo d e r a t a eq u o re f u r t im ,

F ra u s d e t e s t a n d i s u i t io r u m e p e s t i b u s u n a ,

f a l l e n d i u e r s u t a o p i f e x , quae p r a e s c i a b e l l i 260

p l a n i t i e m s c r o b ib u s u i t i a u e r a t i n s i d i o s i s

h o s t i l l de p a r t e l a t e n s , u t f o s s a r u e a t e s

e x c i p e r e t c u n eo s a t que agm ina m er sa u o r a r e t ,

a c , n e f a l la c e m puteum d e p r e n d e r e p o s s e t

jââl* 7 :5 4 1 f . . u b i s a n g u in e b e l lu m im b u it . • .

c a u ta a c i e s , u i r g i a a d o p e r ta s t e x e r a t o r a s 265

a t s u p e r in p o s i t o s im u la r a t c a e s p i t e campum.

a t r e g in a h u m i l ia , quam uis i g n a r a , m anebat

u l t e r i o r e id b o n e c adhuc ad f r a u d i s op ertu m

u e n e r a t a u t fo u e a e c a l c a r a t f u r t a m a l ig n a e .

hunc e q u e s i l i a dolu m , dum f e r t u r p r a e p e te c u r s u , 270

i n c i d i t e t caecum s u b i t o p a t e f e o i t h ia tu m .

p ro n a r u e n t i s e q u i c e r u ic e i n u o l u i t u r a c sub

p e c t o r i s i n p r e s s u f r a c t a i n t e r c r u r a r o ta tu r *

a t u i r t u s p l a c i d i m o d e r a m in is , u t l e u i t a t e m

p r o s p i c i t o b tr i t a m m o n s tr i sub m o rte i a c e n t i s , 275

i n t e n d i t g ressu m m e d i o c r i t e r , o s quoque p a r c e

e r i g i t e t com i m o d e r a tu r g a u d ia u u l t u .

c un et a n t i S p e s f i d a com es s u c c u r r i t e t o f f e r t

u lto r e m g la d iu m la u d is q u e i n s p i r â t amorem.

i l i a c r u e n t atum c o r r e p t i s e r i n i b u s h o stem 2 8 0

p r o t r a h i t e t f a c ie m la e u a r e u o c a n te s u p in a t ,

tu n c c a p u t o r a n t i s f l e x a c e r u i c e r e se c tu rn

e r i p i t ac m adido s u s p e n d it c o l l a c a p i l l o .

e x t in c tu m u i t iu m s a n e to S p e s in c r e p a t o r e :21♦ d e s in e g ra n d e l o q u i , f r a n g i t d e u s omne superbum , 285

m agna c a d u n t , i n f l a t e c r ê p a n t , tu m e fa c ta p rem u n tu r.

d i s c e s u p e r c i l iu m d e p o n e r e , d i s c e c a u e r e

21 1 P e t r . 5 : 5 : . . . q u i D eus s u p e r b is r e s i s t i t .

a n te p e d e s fo u e a m , q u i s q u i s su b lim e m in a r is î

p e r u u lg a t a u i g e t n o s t r i s e n t e n t i a G h r i s t i

sc a n d e r e e e l s a h u m ile s e t ad im a r e d ir e f e r o c e s . 290

u id im u s borrendum m em bris a n im isq u e G o lia n

i n u a i i d a e e c i d i s s e manu: p u e r 1 l i s i n i l i u m

d e x t e r a f u n a l i t o r s i t s t r i d e r e la p !H u m22tr a ie c ta m q u e ca u o p e n e t r a u i t u u ln e r e fr o n te m .

i l l e m in a x , r i g i d u s , i a o t a n s , t r u c u l e n t u s , am aru s, 295

dum tu m et in d o m itu m , dum f o im id a b i l e f e r u e t ,

dum s e s e o s t e n t â t , c l i p e o dum t e r r i t a t a u r a s ,

e x p e r t u s , p u e r i q u id p o s s i n t l u d i c r a p a r u i ,

s u b c u b u it t e n e r i s be H a t o r t u r b id u s a n n i s .

me tu n c i l l e p u e r u i r t u t i s pube s e c u t u s

f l o r e n t e s an im os sursum i n m ea r e g n a t e t e n d i t ,

s e r u a t u r q u ia c e r t a m ih i domus o m n ip o te n t is

sub p e d ib u s d om in i meque ad su b lim e u o ca n tem

u i c t o r e s c a e s a cu lp aru m la b e c a p e s s u n t

d i x i t e t a u r a t i s p r a e s t r in g e n s a e r a p i n n i s

i n c a e lu m s e u ir g o r a p i t . m ir a n tu r e untern

u i r t u t e s t o H u n tq u e a n im os i n u o ta u o l e n t e s

i r e s im u l , n i b e l l a d u c e s t e r r e n a r e t a r d e n t ,

c o n f l i g u n t u i t i i s se q u e ad su a p r a e m ia s e r u a n t .

1 R e g . 1 7 :4 9 : . . • t u l i t q u e unum la p id e m , e tfu n d a j e o i t , e t c ir c u m d u c e n s p e r c u s s i t P b i l i s t b a e u m i n f r o n t e .

V e n e r a t o c c i d u i s m undi de f i n l b u s h o s t i s , 310

L u x u r ia e x t i n c t a e iam dudum p r o d ig a fa m a e ,

d e l ib u t a com as, o c u l i s u a g a , la n g u id a u o c e ,

p e r d i t a d e l i c i i s , u i t a e c u i c a u sa u o lu p t a s ,

elum bem m o l l i r a anim um, p e t u l a n t e r am oenas

h a u r ir e i n l e c e b r a s e t f r a c t e s s o lu e r e s e n s u s . 315

ac tu n c p e r u ig i le m r u e t a b a t m a r c id a cen am ,

sub lu cem q u ia f o r t e i a c e n s ad f e r c u l a r a u c o s

a u d ie r a t l i t u o s a tq u e in d e t e p e n t i a l in q u e n s

p o c u la l a p s a n t i p e r u in a e t b a lse m a g r e s s u

e b r ia c a l c a t i s ad b e l lu m f l o r i b u s i b a t . 3 2 0

non tam en i l i a p e d e s , s e d c u r r u in u e c t a u e n u s to

s a u c ia m irantum c a p ie b a t c o r d a u iro ru m .

o nou a p u gn an d i s p e c ie s .* non a l e s harundo

neruum p u l s a f u g i t n e c s t r i d u l a la n c e a t o r t o

e m ic a t a m en to , fram e am n e c d e x t r a m in a tu r , 325

s e d u i o l a s l a s c i u a i a c i t f o l i i s q u e rosaru m

d im !o a t e t c a la t h o s in im ic a p e r agm ina f u n d i t .

in d e e b l a n d i t i s u i r t u t i b u s h a l i t u s i n l e x23

i n s p i r â t ten eru m l a b e f a c t a p e r o s s a uenenum

e t m a le d u l c i s o d o r dom at o r a e t p e c t o r a e t arma 3 3 0

f e r r â t o sq u e t o r o s o b l i s o r o b u r e m u lc e t .

^ A en. 8 : 3 9 0 : . . . l a b e f a c t a p e r o s s ac u c u r r i t . .

d e i c i u n t a n im os c e u u i c t l e t s p i c u l a pontm t

t u r p i t e r , h e u , d e x t r i s la n g u e n t i b u s o b s t u p e f a c t i ,

dum currum u a r ia gemmarum l u c e m ica n tem

m ir a n t u r , dum b r a t t e o l i s c r e p i t a n t i a l o r a 335

e t s o l i d e e x au ro p r e t i o s i p o n d e r is axem

d e f i x i s i n b ia n t o b t u t ib u s e t ra d io ru m

a r g e n to a lb e n te m s e r ie m , quam summa r o t a n m

f l e x u r e e l e c t r i p a l l e n t i s c o n t i n e t o r b e .

e t iam c u n c ta a c i e s i n d e d i t i o n i s amorem 3 4 0

s p o n te su a u e r s i s t r a n s i b a t p e r f i d a s i g n i s

L u x u r ia e s e r u i r e u o le n s dom in asq u e f l u e n t i s

iu r a p a t i e t l a x a ganearum l e g e t e n e r i .

in g e m u it tarn t r i s t e n e f a s f o r t i s s i m a u i r t u s

S o b r i e t a s d e x tr o s o e i o s d e c e d e r e co rn u 3 4 5

in u ic ta m q u e manum quondam s i n e c a ed e p e r i r e .

u e x i l lu m su b lim e c r u e l s , quod in agm ine prim o

dux b on a p r a e t u l e r a t , d e f i x a c u s p id e s i s t i t

i n s t a u r â t que leu em d i c t i s m o r d a c ib u s alam

e x s t im u la n s a n im os nunc p r o b r i s , nunc p r e c e m ix ta : 3 5 0

♦ q u is f u r o r in s a n a s a g i t a t c a l i g i n e m e n t e s ,

quo r u i t i s , c u i c o l l a d a t i s , quae u in c u la tan d em -

p ro p u d o r - a r m ig e r is amor e s t p e r f e r r e l a c e r t i s ,

l i l i a l u t e o l i s i n t e r l u c e n t i a s e r t i s

e t f e r r u g in e o u e m a n t e s f l o r e c o r o n a s ? 355

h i s p l a c e t a d s u e t a s b e l l o iam t r a d e r s p a lm a s

n e x ib u s , h i s r i g i d a s n o d i s i z m e c t i e r u l n a s ,

u t m it r a c a e s a r ie m c o h ib e n s a u r a t a u i r i l e m

c o n b ib a t in fu siam c r o c e o r e le g a m in e nardum ,

p o s t i n s c r i p t a o l e o f r o n t i s s i g n a c u l a , p e r quae 3 6 0

unguentum r e g a l e datum e s t e t c h r ism a p e r e a n e ,

u t t e n e r i n c e s s u s u e s t i g i a syrm a te u e r r a t

s e r ic a q u e i n f r a c t i s f l u i t e n t u t p a l l i a m em b ris

p o s t in m o r ta le m tu n ic a m , quam p o l l i c e d o o to

t e x u i t a lm a F id e s d a n s i n p e n e t r a b i l e teg m en 3 6 5

p e c t o r ib u s l o t i s , d e d e r a t , q u ib u s i p s a r e n a s c i ,

in d e ad n o c t u m a s e p u l a s , u b i c a n th a r u s in g e n s

d e s p u i t e f f u s i sp u m a n tia damna F a l e m i

i n mensam c y a t h i s s t i l l a n t i b u s , uda u b i m u lto

f u l c r a m ero u e t e r iq u e to r e u m a ta r o r e r ig a n t u r ? 3 7 0

e x c i d i t e r g o a n im is e r e m i s i t i s , e x c i d i t i l l e

f o n s p a t r ib u s de rupe d a t u s , quem m y s t i c a u ir g a

e l i c u i t s c i s s i s a l i e n t e m u e r t i c e s a x i?

a n g e l ic u s n e c ib u s p rim a in t e n t o r i a u e s t r i s

f l u x i t a u i s , quem nunc s e r o f e l i c i o r a eu o 3 7 5

u e s p e r t in u s e d i t p o p u lu s de c o r p o r a G h r i s t i?

h i s u o s in b u t o s d a p ib u s iam c r a p u la t u r p i s

S x o d . 1 7 : 5 ,6 : • . . p e c u t ie s q u e p etram e t e x i b i te x e a a q u a , u t b ib a t p o p u lu s .

L u x u r ia e ad madidum r a p i t in p o r tu n a lu p a n a r ,

q u osq ue u i r o s non I r a f r e m e n s , non i d o l a b e l l o

c e d e r e c o n p u le r a n t , s a l t a t r i x e b r i s f l e x i t î 3 8 0

S ta te , precor, u e s tr i memores, memores quoque G h r is t i ;

quae s i t u e s t r a t r i b u s , quae g l o r i a , q u is d e u s e t r e x ,

q u i s d o m in u s , m e m in is se d e c e t : u o s n o b i l e lu d a e

germ en ad u sq u e d e i g e n e tr ic e m , qua d e u s i p s e

e s s e t hom o, procerum u e n i s t i s s a n g u in e lo n g o . 385

e x c i t e t e g r e g i a s m e n te s c e le b e r r im a D auid25g l o r i a c o n t i n u i s b e llo r u m e x e r c i t a c u r i s ,

e x c i t e t e t S a m u el, sp o liu m q u i d i u i t e ab h o s t e

a d t r e c t a r e u e t a t n ec u i c turn u iu e r e regem

în c ir c u m c is u m p a t i t u r , n e p r a e d a s u p e r s t e s 3 9 0

u ic to r e m p la c id u m r e c i d i u a i n p r o e l i a p o s c a t .

p a r c e r e iam c a p to c r im e n p u t a t i l l e ty r a n n o ,

a t u o b is c o n t r a u i n c i e t subeum bere uotum e s t .

p a e n i t e a t , p e r s iq u a m ou et r e u e r e n t i a summi

n u m in is , hoc tam d u lc e malum u o l u i s s e n e fa n d a 395

p r o d i t i o n e s e q u i ; s i p a e n i t e t , haud n o c e t e r r o r .

p a e n i t u i t lo n a th a m i e i u n i a s o b r i a d u l c i

c o n u i o l a s s e f a u o , s c e p t r i m e l l i s q u e s a p o r e ,

h e u , m a ie g u s t a t o , r e g n i dum b la n d a u o lu p t a s

A en. 5 :7 7 9 : . . . e x e r c i t a c u r i s .

o b l e c t a t iu u en em iu r a ta q u e s a c r a r e s o l u i t . 400

se d q u ia p a e n i t u i t , n e c s o r s l a c r i m a b i l i s i l i a e s t

n ec t i n g u i t p a t r i a s s e n t e n t i a s a e u a s e c u r e s .

en e g o S o b r i e t a s , s i c o n s p ir a r e p a r a t i s ,

pando uiam c u n c t i s u i r t u t i b u s , u t m a le su a d a

L u x u r ie s m u lto s t i p a t a s a t e l l i t e p o e n a s 405

cum l e g i o n e su a C h r is t o sub i u d i c e p e n d a t .*

S ic e f f a t a crucem d o m in i f e r u e n t i b u s o f f e r t

o b u ia q u a d r i iu g i s lig n u m u e n e r a b i le i n i p s o s

i n t e n t a n s f r e n o s . quod u t e x p a u e r e f e r o c e s ,

c o m ib u s o b p a n s is e t summa f r o n t e coru scu m 410

u e r tu n t p r a e c ip i t e m c a e c a fo r m !d in e f u s i

p e r p r a e r u p ta fu gam . f e r t u r r e s u p i na r e d u o t i s

n e q u iquam l o r i s a u r ig a comamque maden t e m

p u lu e r e f o e d a t u r , tu n c e t u e r t i g o ro ta ru m

i n p l i c a t e x c u ssa m dominam; nam p ro n a su b axem 415

l a b i t u r e t l a c e r o t a r d a t s u f f la m in e currum .

a d d i t S o b r ie t a s u u ln u s l e t a l e i a c e n t . l„ ^ -

c o n i c i e n s s i l i c e m r u p i s de p a r te m o la r # i .

hunc u e x i l l i f e r a e , quoniam f o r s o b t u l i t , ic tu m27s p i c u l a n u l l a manu se d b e l l i i n s i g n e g e r e n t i 420

Aen* 1 1 :7 4 9 : . . . qua v u ln u s l e t a l e f e r a t .27 I b i d . . 8 : 6 8 3 : . . . b e l l i i n s i g n e superbum ♦ . .

e a s u s a g i t saxum , me d l l sp ira m en u t o r i s

f r a n g e r e t e t r a c a u o m i s c e r e t la b r a p a l a t e *

d e n t ib u s in tr o r s u m r é s o l u t i s l in g u a r e s e c ta m

d i l a n i a t a gu lam t r u s t i s cum s a n g u in is i n p l e t .

i n s o l i t i s d a p ib u s c r u d e s c i t g u t t u r e t o s s a 425

c p n l i q u e f a c t a u o r a n s r e u o m it , q u a s h a u s e r a t o ffjae*

♦e b ib e iam _p rop riu m p o s t p o c u la _ m u lta c r u p x e m ^ t -

u ir g o a i t i n c r e p i t a n s , ’ s i n t h a e c t i b i f e r c u l a tandem

t r i s t i a p r a e t e r i t i n i m i i s pro d u lc ib u s a e u i ,

l a s c i u a s u i t a e i n l e c e b r a s g u s t a t u s am arae 4 3 0

m o r t i s e t h o r r i f i c o s sa p o r u l t im u s a s p e r e t h a u s tu s J *

c a e d e d u e ls d i s p e r s a f u g i t t r é p id a n t e p a u o re

n u g a t r ix a c i e s : l o c u s e t P e t u l a n t i s p r im i

cym b ala p r o i c i u n t ; b e llu m nam t a l i b u s a r m is

lu d e b a n t r e s o n o m é d i t a n t e s u u ln e r a s i s t r o . 435

d a t tergu m f u g i t i u u s -Amor, l i t a t e l a u en en o

e t lap su m e x u m e r is arcum fa r e tr a m q u e c a d e n t am

p a l l i d u s i p s e m etu su a p o s t u e s t i g i a l i n q u i t .

Pom pa, o s t e n t a t r i x u a n i s p l e n d o r i s , in a n i

e x u l t u r n u d a ta p e p lo , d i s c i s s a tr a h u n tu r 440

s e r t a V e n u s t a t i s c o l l i q u e ac u e r t i c i s aurum

s o l u i t u r e t gemmas D is c o r d ia d is s o n a t u r b a t .

n on p i g e t a d t r i t i s p e d ib u s p e r a c u ta f r u t e c t a

i r e V o lu p ta te m , quoniam u i s m ai o r acerbam

c o n p e l l i t t o l e r a r e fu gam , fo r m id o p e r i c l i 445

p r a e d u r â t t e n e r a s i t e r ad o r u e l a b i l e p l a n t a s ,

qua s e eumque fu g a x t r e p i d i s f e r t c u r s i b u s agraen,

damna l a c e n t : c r i n a l i s a c u s , r e d im ic u la u i t t a e ,

f i b u l a , flam m eolum , s t r o f iu m , d ia d e m a , m o n i le .

h i s s e S o b r ie t a s e t t o t u s S o b r i e t a t l s 4 5 0

a b s t i n e t e x u u i i s m i l e s dam nataque c a s t i s

s c a n d a la p r o c u lc a t p e d ib u s n e c f r o n t e s e u e r o s

c o n iu e n t e o c u lo s praedarum ad g a u d ia f l e c t i t .

F e r tu r A u a r i t ia g r em io p r a e c in e t a c a p a c i ,

q u id q u id L uxus e d a x p r e t io s u m l i q u e r a t , u n ea 455

e o r r i p u i s s e manu p u lc h r a i n l u d i b r i a u a s to

o r e i n h ia n s a u r iq u e l e g e n s fr a g m e n ta c a d u c 1

i n t e r harenarum cu m u le s n e c s u f f i c i t a m p les

i n p l e u i s s e s i n u s , iu u a t i n f e r e i r e c r u m in is

tu r p e lu cru m e t g r a u id o s f u r t i s d i s t e n d e r e f i s c o s , 460

q u o s la e u a c e l a n t e t e g i t l a t e r i s q u e s i n i s t r i

u e l a t o p erm en to ; u e lo x nam d e x t r a r a p in a s

a b r a d i t s p o i l i s q u e u n g u e s e x e r c e t a e n o s .

C u ra , F a m is , M e tu s , A n x ie t a s , P e r l u r i a , P a l l o r ,

C o r r u p t e la , D o lu s , Commenta, In s o m n ia , S o r d e s , 465

E u m en id es u a r ia e m o n s tr i c o m it a t u s a g u n tu r .

n e c m in u s i n t e r s a rab id oru m m ore luporum

c r im in a p e r s u l t a n t t o t o g r a s s a n t i a cam po,

m à t r i s A u a r i t ia e n ig p o de l a c t é c r é â t a .

s i f r a t r i s g a l e am f u i a i s r a d ia r e c e r a u n is

g e m a n u s u i d i t c o n m i l i t o , non t im e t en sem

e x e r e r e a tq u e c a p u t s o c i o m ueroue f e r i r e

de c o n s a n g u in e o r a p tu r u s u e r t i c e gemm as,

f î l i u s e x t in c tu m b e l l i sub s o r t e c a d a u e r

a s p e x i t s i f o r t e p a t r i e , f u l g e n t l a b u l l i s

c in g u l a e t e x u u ia s g a u d e t r a p u i s s e c r u e n t a s :

cogn atam c i u i l i s a g i t d i s c o r d i a praedam

n e c p a r c i t p r o p r i i s amor i n s a t i a t u s h a b e n d i

p ig n e r ib u s s p o l ia t q u e s u o s fa m is i n p i a n a t o s .

T a l ia p e r p o p u lo s e d é b a t fu n e r a u i c t r i x

o r b i s A u a r i t ia s t e m e n s c e n te n a u iroru m

m i l i a u u ln e r ib u s u a r i i s ; hunc lu m in e adem pto

e f f o s s i s q u e o c u l i s u e l u t i n c a l i g i n e n o c t i s

caecum e r r a r e s i n i t p erq u e o f f e n s a c u l a m u lta

i r e n e c o p p o s itu m b a c u lo te m p ta r e p e r ic lu m ;

p o r r o a liu m c a p i t i n t u i t u f a l l i t q u e u id e n te m

i n s i g n e o s t e n t a n s a l i q u i d , quod dum p e t i t i l l e ,

e x c i p i t u r t e l o in c a u t u s c o r d is q u e su b i p s o

s a u c iu s o c c u l t o ferru m s u s p ir a t ad actu m .

m u lto s p r a e c i p i t a n s i n a p e r ta in c e n d ia c o g i t

28d u ct o r .

Aen. 10:602: ta lia per campos edebat funera

n e c p a t i t u r u i t a r e f o c o s , q u ib u s a e s t u a t aurum ,

quod p e t i t , a r s u r u s p a r i t e r , p e c u la t o r a u a r u s .

omne hominum r a p i t i l i a g e n u s , m o rta l i a c u n c ta

o c c u p â t i n t e r i t u n eq u e e s t u i o l e n t i u s u llu m

te r r a r u m u i t iu m , quod t a n t i s c la d ib u s aeuum 495

m undani in u o lu a t p o p u l i dam netque g e b e n n a e .

q u in i p s o s tem p t a r e m anu, s i c r e d e r e dignum e s t ,

a u s a s a c e r d o t e s d o m in i, q u i p r o e l i a f o r t e29d u e t o r e s primam a n t e a c ie m p ro la u d e g e r e b a n t

u ir tu tu m m agnoque in p le b a n t c l a s s i c a f l a t u . 500

e t f o r s in n o c u o t i n x i s s e t s a n g u in e fe r r u m ,

n i R a t io a r m ip o te n s , g e n t i s L e u u i t i d i s u n a ,

sem per f i d a co m es, c lip e u m o b i e c t a s s e t e t a t r a e

h o s t i s ab in c u r s u e l a r o s t e x i s s e t a lu m n o s.

8t a n t t u t i R a t io n i s o p e , s t a n t t u r b in e ab omni 505

inm u nes f o r t e s q u e a n im i; u i x i n c u t e summa

p r a e s t r in g e n s p a u c o s t e n u i de u u ln e r e l a e d i t

c u s p i s A u a r i t i a e . s t u p u i t L u is in p r o b a c a s t i s

heroum l u g u l i s lo n g e su a t e l a r e p e l l i ,

in g e m it e t d i c t i s a r d e n s f u r i a l i b u s i n f i t : 510

♦ u in c im u r , h e u , s e g n e s n e c n o s t r a p o t e n t i a p e r f e r t

uim s o l i t a m , la n g u e t u i o l e n t i a sa e u a n o c e n d i .

29 Aen. 7:531: hie iuvenis primam ante aciem • . .

s u e u e r a t i n u i c t i s quae u i r ib u s om nia u b lque

rum pere c o r d a hominum; n e c en im tam f e r r e a quemquam

d u r a u it n a tu r a u iru m , c u iu s r i g o t a e r a 515

s p e r n e r e t a u t n o s t r o f o r e t i n p e n e t r a b i l i s a u r o .

in g e n iu m omne n e c i d e d im u s, t e n e r a , a s p e r a , d u r a ,

d o c t a , in d o c t a s im u l , b r u ta e t s a p i e n t i a , n e c non

c a s t a , i n c e s t a m eae p a tu e r u n t p e c t o r a d e x t r a e .

s o l a i g i t u r r a p u i , q u iq u id S ty x a b d i t a u a r i s 5 2 0

g u r g i t i b u s , n o b i s d i t i s s i m a t a r t a r a d e b e n t ,

q u o s r e t i n e n t p o p u lo s ; quod u o lu u n t s a e c u l a , n o stru m e s t ,

quod m is c e t m undus, u a e sa n a n e g o t i a , n o s tr u m .

q u i f i t , p r a e u a l id a s quod p o l l e n s g l o r i a u i r e s

d e s e r i t e t c a s s o s l u d i t f o r t u n e l a o e r t o s ? 5 2 5

s o r d e t c h r i s t i c o l i s r u t i l a n t i s f u lu a m o n eta e

e f f i g i e s , s o r d e n t a r g e n t i em b lem ata e t om nis

th e n s a u r u s n ig r a n t e o c u l i s u i l e s c i t h o n o r e .

q u id s i b i d o c t a u o lu n t f a s t i d i a ? n on n e tr iu m fu m3 0

eg im u s e x S c a r io t h , m agnus q u i d is c ip u lo r u m 5 3 0

e t c o n u iu a d e i , dum f a l l i t f o e d e r e m en see

haudquaquam ign aru m d extram q u e p a r a b s id e i u n g i t ,

i n c i d i t i n n o stru m flam m an te o u p id in e te lu m ,

i n f amen m e r e a tu s agrum de sa n g u in e am ic i

M a tth . 2 6 ;1 4 ; . . . u n u s de d u od ecim q u id ic e b a t u r J u d a s I s c a r i o t e s .

n u m in is , o b l i s o l u i t u r n s iu g o r a c o l l o ? 535

u id e r a t e t l e r i c h o p r o p r ia i n t e r f u n e r a , quantum

p o s s e t n o s t r a m anu s, cum u i c t o r c o n c i d i t A ch ar .

c a e d ib u s i n s i g n i s m u r a li e t s t r a g e su p e r b u s

s u b c u b u it c a p to u i c t i s e x b o s t ib u s a u r o ,

dum u e t i t i s i n s ig n e l e g e n s anathem a f a u i l l i s 540

m a e s ta ru in aru m s p o l i a i n s a t i a b i l i s h a u r i t .

n on i l i u m g e n e r o s a t r i b u s , non p l e b i s a u i t a e3 1i u u i t lu d a p a r e n s , G h r is to quandoque p ro p in q u o

n o b i l i s e t t a l i f e l i x p a t r ia r c h e n e p o t e .

q u i s p l a c e t exem plum g e n e r i s , p l a c e a t quoque form a 545

e x i t i i : s i t p oen a ead em , q u ib u s e t g e n u s unum e s t .

q u id m oror a u t lu d a e p o p u la r e s a u t p o p u la r e s

s a c r i c o l a e summi-summus nam f e r t u r A aron-

f a l l e r e fr a u d e a l i qua M a r t is c o n g r e s s ib u s in p a r ?

n i l r e f e r t , a r m is c o n t in g a t palm a d o l i s u e . ♦ 550

D ix e r a t e t toru am fa c ie m f u r i a l i a q u e arma

e x u i t in q u e h a b itu m s e s e t r a n s fo r m a t h on estu m :

f i t V ir t u s s p e c ie u u ltu q u e e t u e s t e s e u e r a ,

quam m em orant F r u g i , p a r c e c u i u iu e r e c o r d i e s t

e t s e r u a r e suum, tamquam n i l r a p te 't a u a r e : 555

a r t i s adum bratae m e r u it c e u s e d u la lau d em .

M a tth . 2 : 6 : B e th le h e m , . . . nequaquam m inim ae s i n p r in c ip ib u s Ju d a; e x t e en im e x i e t d u x , q u i r e g e t populum meum I s r a ë l . _______________________________________________

h u iu s s e s p e c i e m enâax B e l lo n a c o a p t a t ,

non u t a u a r a L u es se d V i r t u s p a r e a p u t e t u r ,

n e c non e t t e n e r o p i e t a t i s te g m in e c r i n e s

o b t e g i t a n g u in o s , u t C an d id a p a l l a la t e n t e m 560

d i s s i m u l â t ra b iem d ir o q u e o b t e n t a f u r o r i ,

quod r a p e r e e t c l e p e r e e s t a u id e q u e a b sc o n d e r e p a r t a ,

natorum curam d u l c i su b nom ine i a c t e t .

t a l i b u s in lu d e n s m a le c r e d u la c o r d a u iroru m

f a l l i t im a g in ib u s , mon stru m f e r a l e s e q u u n tu r , 565

dum c r e d u n t u i r t u t i s o p u s , c a p i t i n p i a B r in y s

c o n s e n s u f a c i l e s m a n ic is q u e t e n a c ib u s a r t a t .

a t t o n i t i s d u c ib u s p e r t u r b â t i s q u e m a n ip l i s

n u t a b a t u ir tu tu m a c i e s e r r o r s b i f o r m is

p o r t e n t i ig n o r e in s , q u id amioum c r e d a t in i l l o 5 7 0

q u idue h o s t i l e n o t e t . l e turn u e r s a t i l e e t a n c e p s

l u b r i c a t i n c e r t o s d u b ia sub im a g in e u i s u s ,

cum s u b i t o i n medium f r e n d e n s O p e r a t io campum

p r o s i l i t a u x i l i o s o c i i s pugnamque c a p e s s i t ,

m i l i t i a e p o s tr e m a g ra d u s e d s o l a d u e l l o 5 7 5

i n p o s i t u r a manum, ne q u id iam t r i s t e s u p e r s i t .

omne o n u s e x u m e r is r e i e c e r a t , om nib us i b a t

n u d a ta i n d u u i i s m u lto e t s e f a s e e l e u a r a t

o l im d i u i t i i s g r a u ib u sq u e o b p r e s s a t a l e n t i s ,

l i b e r a nunc m ise r a n d o inopum , q u o s l a r g a b e n ig n e 5 8 0

t o u e r a t e f fu n d e n s p a tr iu m b en e p r o d ig a cen su m .

lam l o c u l o s d i t a t a f id e m s p e e t a b a t in a p a s

a e te rn a m name ran a r e d i t u r o fa e n o r e aummam.

h o r r u i t i n u i c t a e V i r t u t i s fu lm e n e t in p o s

m e n t is A u a r i t ia s t u p e f a c t i s s e n s ib u s h a e s i t 585

c e r t a m o r i . nam quae f r a u d i s u ia r e s t e t , u t i p s a

c a l c a t r i x m undi m u n d an is u i c t a f a t i s c a t

i n l e c e b r i s s p r e to q u e ite r u m s e s e i n p l i c e t au ro ?

i n u a d i t tr e p id a m V ir t u s f o r t i s s i m a d u ri s

u lnarum n o d i s o b l i s o e t g u t t u r e f r a n g i t 5 9 0

exsan gu em sic ca m q u e g u la m , c o n p r e s s a l i g a n t u r

u i n c l a la c e r to r u m sub mentum e t f a u c ib u s a r t i s

e x to r q u e n t anim am , n u l l o quae u u ln e r e r a p t a

p a l p i t a t a tq u e a d i t u s p ir a m in is i n t e r c e p t o

in c lu s a m p a t i t u r uenarum c a r e e r e m ortem . 595

i l i a r e l u c t a n t i g e n ib u sq u e e t c l a c i b u s i n s t a n s

p e r f o d i t e t c o s t a s a tq u e i l i a r u m p it a n h e la .

mox s p o l i a e x s t i n c t o de c o r p o r a d i r i p i t , a u r i

s o r d id a f r u s t a r u d i s n e c adhuc f o m a c e r e c o c ta m

m a te r ia m , t i n i i s e t ia m m a r su p p ia c r e b r i s 600

e x e s a e t u i r i d e s o b d u c ta a e r u g in e nummos

d i s p e r g i t s e r u a t a d iu u i c t r i x e t e g e n i s

d i s s i p â t ac t e n u e s c a p t iu o m unere d o n a t .

32 Aen. 4:564; certa mori . • •

tu n c circtam fusam u u l t u e x u l t a n t e coronam33r e s p i c i e n s a l a c r i s m ed ia i n t e r m i l i a c la m a t: 6 0 5

♦ s o l u i t e p r o c in c tu m , i u s t i , e t d i s c e d i t e ab a r m is î

c a u s a m a l i t a n t i i a c e t i n t e r f e c t a ; lu c r a n d i

i n g l u u i e p e r e u n te l i c e t r e q u ie s o e r e s a n c t i s .

summa q u ie s n i l u e l l e s u p e r , quam p o s t u l â t u s u s

d e b i t u s , u t s im p le x a l im o n ia , u e s t i s e t una 610

in f i r m e s t e g a t a c r e c r e e t m e d i o c r i t e r a r t u s

ex p le tu m q u e modum n a tu r a e non t r a b a t e x t r a .

I n g r e s s u r u s i t e r peram n e t o l l i t o n eu e3 4de t u n ic a e a l t e r u i s g o s ta m in é p r o u id u s i t o

n e c t e s o l l i c i t â t r e s c r a s t i n a , n e c ib u s a lu o 615

d e f u e r i t : r e d eunt e s c a e cum s o l e d iu r n a e .

nonne u id e s u t n u l l a auium e r a s c o g i t e t ac s e

pascend am p r a e s t a n t e d eo non a n x ia c r e d a t ?

c o n f id u n t u o lu c r e s u ic tu m non d e fo r e u i l e s

p a s s e r ib u s q u e s u b e s t m o d ico u e n a l ib u s a s s e 6 2 0

in d u b i t a t a f i d e s dominum c u r a r e p o te n te m ,

n e p e r e a n t ; t u , c u r a d e i , f a c i e s quoque G h r i s t i ,

a d d u b i t a s , n e t e t u u s umquam d e s e r a t a u c to r ?

n e t r e p i d a t e , h o m in e s: u i t a e d a to r e t d a t o r e s c a e e s t .

A en * 9 : 5 4 9 : . . . m ed ia i n t e r m i l i a . . .

M a tth . 1 0 :1 0 : non peram i n v i a , n eq u e d u ast u n i c a s , n eq u e c a lc e a m e n ta , neq u e v ir g a m : d ig n u s en im e s to p e r a r iu s c ib o s u o .

A/- 43

q u a e r i t e l u e Ife ru m c a e l e s t l dogm ate p a stu m , 625

q u i spem m u l t i p l i e a n s a l a t i n u i t i a b i l i s a e u i ,

c o r p o r i s inmemo r e s : memor e s t q u i c o n d i d i t i l l u d ,

s u b p e d ita r e c ib o s a tq u e in d ig a membra f o u e r e .*

H is d i c t i s c u r a e e m o ta e , M etu s e t L abor e t V is

e t S c e lu s e t p l a c i t a e f i d e i F ra u s i n f i t i a t r i x 6 3 0

d e p u ls a e u e r t e r e so lu m . P ax in d e f u g a t i s

h o s t ib u s alm a a b i g i t b e l lu m , d i s c i n g i t u r om n is

t e r r o r e t a u u l s i s e x f i b u l a t i l i a z o n i s .

u e s t i s ad u sq u e p e d e s d e s c e n d o n s d e f l u i t im o s

tem p er a t e t rapidum p r iu a t a m o d e s t ia g r e ssu m . 6 3 5

c o r n ic in u m c u r u a a e r a s i l e n t , p l a c a b i l i s i n p l e t

uaginam g l a d i u s s e d a to e t p u lu e r e cam pi

8uda r e d i t f a c i e s : l i q u i d a s s i n e nube d i e i

purpuream u id e a s c a e l i c l a r e s c e r e lu c em .

agm ina c a s t a su p e r u u ltu m s e n s e r e T e n a n t is 6 4 0

a d r id e r e h i l a r e s p u ls o c e r t am ine turm ae

e t C h r istu m g a u d ere s u i s u i c t o r i b u s a r c s35

a e t h e r i s ac p a tr iu m f a m u l i s a p e r i r e profundum .

d a t sign um f e l i x C o n c o r d ia r e d d e r e c a s t r i s

u i c t r i c e s a q u i l a s a tq u e i n t e n t o r i a c o g i . 645

numquam t a n t a f u i t s p e c i e s n e c p a r d e c u s u l l i

A p oc. 3 : 2 1 : Q,ui v i c e r i t , dabo e l s e d e r e mecum,in throno meo; sicut ego v ic i , e t sedi cum Pat re meo inthrone ejus.

m i l i t i a e , cum d i s p o s i t i s b i f i d a agm in a lo n g e

d u c e r e t o r d in ib u s p e d itu m p s a l l e n t e c a t e r u a ,

a s t a l i a de p a r t e eq u itu m r e s o n a n t ib u s h y m n is .

non a l i t e r c e c i n i t r e a p e c ta n a u i c t o r h ia n te m 6 5 0

I s t r a h e l ra b iem p o n t i p o s t t e r g a m i n a c i s ,

cum iam p r o g r e d ie n s c a l c a r e t l i t o r a s i c c o

u l t e r i o r a p ed e s t r id e n s q u e p e r e x t im a c a l c i s

m ons r u e r e t p e n d e n t i s aquae n ig r o s q u e r e l a p s e

g u r g i t e N i l i c o l a s fu n d o d e p r e n d e r e t imo 655

a c r e f l u a n t e s in u iam r e d d e r e t unda n a ta tu m

p i s c i b u s e t n u d a s p r a e c e p s o p e r i r e t h a r e n a s .

p u l s a u i t r e s o n o m o d u la n t ia tym pana p l e c t r o

tu r b a d e i c e l e b r a n s mirum a c m em o r a b ile s a e c l i s

o m n ip o t e n t i s o p u s l i q u i d a s i n t e r f r é t a r i p a s 660

f l u c i t b u s i n c i s i s e t s u b s i s t a n t e p r o c e l l a

c r e s c e r e s u s p e n s e s q u e g lo b o s p o t u i s s e t e n e r i .

s i c e x p u g n a ta u it io r u m g e n te r é s u l t a n t

m y s t i c a d u lc im o d is u ir tu tu m c a rm in a p s a lm is .

Ventum e r a t ad f a u c e s p o r ta e ^ ^ c a s t r e n s i s ,

u b i artu m 6 6 5

l i m i n i s in t r o i t u m b i f o r i d a n t c a r d in e c l a u s t r a ,

n a s c i t u r h i c in o p in a m a li l a c r i m a b i l i s a s t u

t e m p e s ta s , p la e id a e t u r b a t r i x in u id a P a c i s ,

36 Aen. 6:45: ventum erat ad limen . . .

quae tan tu m s u b I t a u e x a r e t c la d e tr iu m fu m .

i n t e r c o n f e r t o s c u n e o s C o n c o r d ia f o r t e 6 7 0

dum s t i p a t a pedem iam t u t i s m o en ib u s i n f e r t ,

e x c i p i t o c c u ltu m u i t i i l a t i t a n t i s ab i c t u

m ucronem la e u o i n l a t e r e , s q u a l e n t i a quam uis

t e x t a c a t e n a t e f e r r i sub te g m in e c o r p u s

a m b ir en t s u t i s e t acum en u u l n e r i s h a m is 675

r e s p u e r e n t r i g i d i s n e c f i l a t e n a c i a n o d i s

in p a ctu m s i n e r e n t p e n e t r a r e i n u i s c e r a t e lu m .

r a r a tam en ch a ly b e m t e n u i t r a n s m i t t e r e p u n c to

com m issu re d e d i t , qua s e s e e x tr e m a p o l i t a e

squama l i g a t t u n ic a e s i n u s e t s i b i c o n s e r i t o r a s . 660

i n t u l i t h o c u u ln u s p u g n a t r ix s u b d o la u i c t a e

p a r t i s e t i n c a u t i s u i c t o r i b u s i n s i d i a t a e s t ;

nam p u l s a cu lp aru m a c i e D is c o r d ia n o s t r o s

i n t r a r a t c u n e o s so c ia m m e n t i t a f ig u r a m .

s c i s s a p r o c u l p a l l a s tr u c tu m e t s e r p e n te f l a g e l l u m 685

m u l t i p l i c i m ed ia camporum i n s t r a g e i a c e b a n t ,

i p s a r e d im i t o s o l e a f r o n d e n te c a p i l l o s

o s t e n t a n s f a s t i s r e s p o n d e t l a e t a c h o r a e i s .

s e d s ic a m sub u e s t e t e g i t , t e , m axima V i r t u s ,

t e so la m t a n t o e nu m éro , C o n c o r d ia , t r i s t i

fr a u d e p e t e n s ; s e d non u i t a l i a rum pere s a c r i

c o r p o r i s e s t l i c i t u m , summo t e n u s e x t im a t a c t u

l a e s a c u t i s ten u em s i g n a u i t s a n g u in e r iu u m .

e x c la m a t V ir t u s s u b i t o t u r b a t a : ’ q u id h oc e s t ?

quae m anus h i e in im ic a l a t e t , quae p r o s p é r a n o s t r a 695I

u u ln e r a t e t ferru m t a n t a i n t e r g a u d ia u ib r a t ?

q u id iu u a t in d o m ito s b e l l o s e d a s s e f u r o r e s

e t san ctu m u i t i i s p e r e u n t ib u s omne r e c e p tu m ,

s i V ir t u s sub P ace c a d i t ? ♦ t r é p i d a agm ina m a e s to s

c o n u e r t e r e o c u l o s , s t i l l a b a t u u l n e r i s in d e x 700

f e r r a t a de u e s t e c r u o r mox e t p a u o r h o stem

com m inus a d s ta n te m p r o d i t ; nam p a l l o r i n o r e

c o n s c i u s a u d a c is f a c t ! d a t s ig n a r e a t u s .

e t d e p r e n sa trem u n t la n g u e n s m anus e t c o l o r a l b e n s .

c ir e u r n s ta t p r o p e r e s t r i e t i s m u cro n ib u s om n is 705

u ir tu tu m l e g i o e x q u ir e n s f e r u e n t e tu m u ltu

e t g e n u s e t nom en, p a tr ia m se c ta m q u e , deumque

quem c o l a t e t m is su c u i a t i s u e n e r i t . i l i a

e x s a n g u is tu r b a n te m etu : • D is c o r d ia d i c o r ,

cogn om en to H e r e s i s , d e u s e s t m ih i d i s c o l o r , • i n q u i t , 710

•nunc m in o r a u t m ai o r , modo d u p le x e t modo s im p le x ,

cum p l a c e t , a e r i u s e t de fa n ta s m a te u i s u s ,

a u t in n a t a anim a e s t , q u o t ie n s u o lo lu d e r e num en;

p r a e c e p t o r B e l l a m i h i , domus e t p la g a m u n d u s .•

non t u l i t u l t e r i u s o a p t i b l a s f e m ia m o n s tr i 715

u ir tu tu m r e g in a F i d e s , s e d u e r b a l o q u e n t i s

i n p e d i t e t u o c i s c l a u d i t s p ir a m in a p i l o

p o llu ta m r i g i d a t r a n s f i g e n s c u s p id e lin g u a m .

c a r p i t u r in n iim e r is f e r a l i s p e s t i a d e x t r i s ;

f r u s t a t i m s i b i p u isq u e r a p i t , quod s p a r g a t i n a u r a s , 720

quod c a n ib u s d o n e t , c o r u i s quod e d a c ib u s u l t r o

o f f e r a t , im a u n d is c a e n o e x h a la n t e c l o a c i s37quod t r u d a t , m o n s t r i s quod m an d et h a b e r e m a r in is *

d is c i s s u m f o e d i s a n im a lib u s omne c a d a u e r

d i u i d i t u r , r u p t i s H e r e s i s p a r i t h o r r id a m em b ris. 725

C o n p o s i t i s i g i t u r rerum morumque s e c u n d is

i n commune b o n is t r a n q u i l l a e p l e b i s ad unum

s e n s ib u s i n t u t a u a l l i s t a t i o n s l o c a t i s 7 2 8 -7 2 9

e x s t r u i t u r m ed ia c a s tr o r u m se d e t r i b u n a l 730

e d i t i o r e l o c o , tu m u lu s quern u e r t i c e a c u to

e x c i t â t i n sp e c u la m , s u b i e c t a unde om nia l a t e

l i b e r i n o f f e n s o c i r e urn i n s p i c i t a e r e u i s u s .

hunc s i n c e r a F id e s , s im u l e t C o n c o r d ia , s a c r o

f o e d e r e i u r a t a e C h r i s t i sub amore s o r o r e s , 735

c o n sc e n d u n t a p ic e m , mox e t s u b lim e t r i b u n a l

p a r san ctu m carum que s i b i su p e r e m in e t aeq u o

iu r e p o t e s t a t i s , c o n s i s t u n t a g g e r e summo

c o n s p ic u a e p o p u lo sq u e iu b e n t a d s t a r e f r e q u e n t s s .

A en . 7 :7 8 0 : . . . m o n s t r i s p a v id i e f f u d e r em a r in i s .

c o n c u r r u n t a l a c r e s c a s t r i s e x om nib us o m n es, 740

n u l l a l a t e t p a r s m e n t i s i n e r s , quae c o r p o r i s u l l o

i n t e r c e p t a s in u p e r c o n c e p ta c u la s e s e

d e g e n e r i la n g u o r s t e g a t , t e n t o r i a a p e r t i s

o u n c ta p a t e n t u e l i s , r e s e r a n t u r c a r b a s a , n e q u i s

m a r c e a t o b sc u r o s t e r t e n s , h a b i t a t o r o p e r t o . 745

a u r ib u s i n t e n t i s e x p e c t a n t c o n t i o , quidnam

u i c t o r e s p o s t b e 1 1 a u o c e t C o n c o r d ia p r i n c e p s ,

quam u e l i t a tq u e F id e s u i r t u t i b u s a d d e r s le g e m .

e ru m p it prim a in uocem C o n c o r d ia t a l i

a d lo q u io : *c u m u lâ ta quidem lam g l o r i a u o b i s , 750

o p a t r i s , G d o m in i f i d i s s i m a p ig n e r a C h r i s t i ,

c o n t i g i t , e x t i n c t a e s t m u lto c e r t am in e sa e u a

b a r b a r i e s , s a n o ta e quae c ir c u m s a e p s e r a t u r b i s

in d ig e n a s f e r r o q u e u i r o s flam m aque p r e m e b a t,

p u b l i c s s e d r e q u ie s p r i u a t i s r u r e fo r o q u e 7553 8c o n s t a t a m i c i t l l s . s c i s s u r a d o m e s t ic s t u r b a t

rem p o p u l i t i t u b â t q u e f o r i s , quod d i s s i d e t i n t u s .

e r g o c a u e t e , u i r l , n e s i t s e n t e n t i a d i s c o r s

s e n s ib u s i n n o s t r i s , n e s e c t a e x o t i c a t e c t i s

n a s c a t u r c o n f l a t a o d i i s , q u ia f i s s a u o lu n t a s

c o n f u n d it u a r i i s a r c a n a b i f o r m ia f i b r i s .

M a tth . 1 2 :2 5 ; . . , omne regnum d i v i sum c o n t r as e d e s o l a b i t u r ; e t om n is c i v i t a s , v e l domus d i v i s a c o n t r a s e , non s t a b i t .

quod sa p im u s , c o n iu n g a t am or, quod u lu im u s , uno

c o n s p ir o t s t u d i o ; n i l d i s s o c i a b i l e firm um e s t ,

u tq u e b o m in i a tq u e d eo m e d lu s i n t e r u e n i t H is u s ,

q u i s o c i a t m o r t a l s p a t r i , n e c a r n e a d i s t e n t 765

s p i r i t u i a e te r n o s i t que u t d e u s u n u s u tru m q u e ,

s i c , q u id q u id g e r im u s m e n t i sq u e e t c o r p o r i s a c t u ,

s p i r i t u s u n im o d is t e x a t c o n p a g ib u s u n u s .

p a x plenum u i r t u t i s o p u s , p a x summa la b o ru m ,

p ax b e l l i e x a c t i p r e t iu m e s t p re tiu m q u e p e r i c l i , 770

s i d e r a p a c e u i g e n t , c o n s i s t u n t t e r r e a p a c e .39

n i l p la c itu m s i n e p a c e d e o : non munus ad aram

cum c u p ia s o f f e r r e , p r o b a t , s i t u r b id a f r a tr e m

m ens i n p a c a t i sub p e c t o r i s o d e r i t a n t r o ,

n e e s i f la m m ic o m is C h r i s t i p ro nom in e m a rty r 775

ig n ib u s i n s i l i a s s e r u a n s in a m a b ile uotum

b i l e su b o b l iq u a , p r ê t i o sam p r o d e r i t H isu

i n p e n d i s s e anim am, m e r i t i q u ia c l a u s u l a p ax e s t .

n on i n f l a t e tu m e t , non i n u i d e t a em u la f r a t r i ,

om nia p e r p e t i t u r p a t i e n s a tq u e om nia c r e d i t »

numquam l a s s a d o l e t , c u n e ta o f f e n s a c u l a d o n a t ,

occasu m l u e i s u e n ia p r a e c u r r e r e g e s t i t .

M a tth . 5 : 2 4 : . . . r e l i n q u i i b i munus tuum a n tea l t a r e , e t vade p r iu s r e c o n c i l i a r i f r a t r i tu o e t tu n c v e n ie n s o f f e r e s munus tuum .

5040a n x ia n e s t a b î l e m l in q u a t s o l c o n s c i u s ir a m .

q u isq u e l i t a r e deo m a c t a t i s u u l t h o l o e a u s t i s ,

o f f e r a t i n p r im is pacem : n u l l a h o s t i a C h r is t o 785

d u l c i o r , h o c s o l o s a n c t a ad d o n a r ia u u ltu m

m unere c o n u e r te n s pu ro o b l e c t a t u r o d o r e .

s e d tam en e t n i u e i s t r a d i t d e u s i p s e o o lu m b is

p in n atu m t e n e r a plumarum u e s t e co lu b ru m

r im a n te i n g e n i o d o c te i n t e m o s c e r e m ixtum 790

i n n o c u i s a u ib u s ; l a t e t e t lu p u s o r e c r u e n to ^ ^

la c t e o la m m e n t i t u s ouem sub u e l l e r e m o l l i ,

cru d a p e r a g n in o s e x e r c e n s fu n e r a r i c t u s .

h a c se se o c c u l t â t F o t in u s e t A r r iu s a r t e ,

in m an es f e r i t a t e l u p i ; d i s c r im in a p ro d u n t 795

n o s t r a r e c e n s q u e c r u o r , quam uis de c o r p o r a summo,

q u id p o s s i t f u r t i u a m an u s.* gem itum d é d i t om n is

u ir tu tu m p o p u lu s c a s u c o n c u s s u s a c e r b o .

turn g e n e r o s a F id e s h a e c s u b d id i t : ^irnmo s e c u n d is

i n r e b u s c e s s â t g e m it u s . C o n c o r d ia l a e s a e s t ,

se d d e f e n s e F i d e s , q u in e t C o n c o r d ia s o s p e s

germ an am c o m it a t a F idem su a u u ln e r a r i d e t .

h a e c mea s o l a s a l u s , n i h i l h a c m ih i t r i s t e r e c e p t a .

Eph. 4 : 2 6 ; . . . s o l non o c c i d a t su p e rir a c u n d ia m v e s t ram .

A en. 1 :2 9 6 : . . . o r e c r u e n t o .

unum o p u s e g r e g io r e s t â t p o s t b e 1 1 a l a b o r ! ,

o p r o e e r e s r e g n i , quod tandem p a c l f e r h a r e s 8 0 6

b e l l i g e r i arm atae s u c c e s s o r i n e m u s e t a u la e

i n s t i t u i t S o lo m o n , quoniam g e n ! t o r i s a n h e l i

fu m a ra t c a l i d o regnum de s a n g u in e d e x t r a ;

sa n g u in e nam t e r s e tem plum fu n d a tu r e t a r a

p o n i t u r a u r a t i s C h r i s t i domus ard u a t e c t i s . 810

tu n c H ie r u s a le s te m p lo i n l u s t r a t a q u i e t urn

s u s c e p i t iam d iu a deum, c ir cu m u a g a p ostq u em

s e d i t m a rm o reis fu n d a ta a l t a r i b u s a r e a ,

s u r g a t e t i n n o s t r i s tem plum u e n e r a b i le c a s t r i s ,

o m n ip o te n s c u iu s sa n cto ru m s a n c t a r e u i s a t ! 8 1 5

nam q u id t e r r i g e n a s f e r r o p e p u l i s s e f a l a n g a s

cu lp aru m p r o d e s t , h o rn in is s i f i l i u s a r c e

a e t h e r i s i n l a p s u s p u r g a t i c o r p o r i s urbem

i n t r e t in o r n a ta m te m p i! s p l e n d e n t i s e g e n u s?

h ac t e n u s a l t e m i s sudatum e s t com m inus a m i s ,

m uni a nunc a g i t e t t a c i t a e t o g a C an d ida p a d s

a tq u e s a c r i s sedem p r o p e r e t d i s c i n c t a iu u e n t u s !4S 43H aec u b i d i c t a d e d i t , g r a d ib u s r e g in a s u p e r b is

d e s i l u i t t a n t iq u e o p e r i s C o n c o r d ia c o n s o r s

m e ta tu r a nouum i a c t o fu n d am in e tem plum . 825

A en . 2 : 7 9 0 : h a e c u b i d i c t a d e d i t . . •43 I b i d . , 1 :6 9 7 : . . . s e r e g in a s u p e r b i s .

a u r e a p la n i t i e m s p a t i î s p e r c u r r i t harundo

d im e n s i s , q u a d ra n t u t q u a t t u o r u n d lq u e f r o n t e s ,

n e oo im m issu ris d i s t a n t i b u s a n g u lu s in p a r

argu tam m ut1 l e t p e r d i s s o n a s e m e s tr a normam.

A u rorae de p a r t e t r i b u s p la g a l u c id a p o r t i s

i n l u s t r a t a p a t e t , t r i p l e x a p e r i t u r ad au stru m

p ortaru m n u m eru s, t r i s o c c i d u a l i b u s o f f e r t

ia n u a t r i n a f o r e s , t o t i e n s a q u i l o n i s ad axem

p a n d itu r a l t a dom us; n u llu m i l l i c s t r u e t i l e saxum ,

se d c a u a p e r so lid u m m u lto que f o r a t a d o la t u

gemma r e l u o e n t i l im e n c o n p l e c t i t u r a r c u

u e s t ib u lu m q u e l a p i s p e n e t r a b i l e c o n c i p i t u n u s .

p ortaru m summ is i n s c r i p t a i n p o s t ib u s auro

nom ina a p o s t o l i c i f u l g e n t b i s s e n a s e n a t u s .

s p i r i t u s h i e t i t u l i s a r c a n a r e c o n d i t a m e n t is

a m b it e t e l e c t o s u o c a t i n p r a e c o r d ia s e n s u s ,

quaque h o m in is n a tu r a u i g e t , quam c o r p o r a t o t o

qu ad ru a u i s a n im a t , t r i n i s i n g r e s s i b u s aram

c o r d i s a d i t c a s t i s q u e c o l i t s a c r a r i a u o t i s ,

s e u p u e r o s s o l p r im u s a g a t , s e u f e r u o r e fy b o s

in c e n d a t n im iu s , s e u c o n su m m a b ilis a e u i

p e r f i c i a t l u x p le n a u i r o s , s i u e a l g id a b o r r a e

a e t a s d e c r e p ita m u o c e t ad p i a s a c r a se n e c te m ;

o c c u r r i t tr in u m q u a d r in a ad c o m p ita nom en.

quod b en e d i s c i p u l i s d i s p o n i t r e x d u o d e n is . 8 5 0

q u in e t ia m t o t id em geinmarum i n s i g n i a t e x t i s

p a r i e t i b u s d i s t i n c t s m is a n t an im asq u e c o lo r u m

u i u e n t e s l i q u i d e l u x eu o m it a l t a p r o fu n d o :

in g e n s c b r y s o l i t u s n a t iu o i n t e r l i t u s au ro

h in c s i b i sap p iru m s o c i a u e r a t , in d e b e r y llu m , 8 5 5

d i s t a n t e sq u e n i t o r m e d iu s u a r ia b a t h o n o r e s ;

h i c Ga l e e don h e b e s p e r fu n d i t u r e x y a c i n t h i

lu m in e u i c i n o ; nam f o r t e c y a n e a p r o p t e r

s ta g n a l a p i s c o h ib e n s o s t r o f u l g e b a t a q u o s o .

sa r d o n ic e m p in g u n t a m e t y s t in a , p i n g i t i a s p i s 8 6 0

sard iu m i u x t a a d p o s itu m p u lc h e r q u e to p a z o n .

h a s i n t e r s p e c i e s sm a ra g d in a gram in e u ern o

p r a ta u i r e n t u o lu i t q u e u a g o s l u x h e r b id a f l u c t u s .

t e quoque co n sp icu u m s t r u c t u r a i n t e r s e r i t , a r d e n s

c h r y s o p r a s e , e t s id u s s a x i s s t e l l a n t i b u s a d d i t . 8 6 5

s t r i d e b a t g r a u i d i s f u n a l i s m a ch in a u i n c l l s

in m e n sa s r a p ie n s a l t a ad f a s t i g i a gemmas,

a t domus i n t e r i o r sep tem s u b n ix a c o lu m n !s

c r y s t a l l i a l g e n t i s u i t r e a de ru p e r e c i s i s

c o n s t r u i t u r , quarum t e g i t é d i t a c a l c u l u s a lb e n s

i n conum c a e s u s c a p i t a e t s in u a m in e s u b t e r

su b d u c tu s c o n c h a e i n s p e c ie m , quod m i l l e t a l e n t i s

m argar itu m in g e n s o p ib u sq u e e t c e n s ib u s h a s t a e

44a d d i c t i s an lm oaa F id e s m e r c a ta p a r a r a t .

h oc r e s i d e t s o l i o p o l l e n s S a p i e n t ia e t omne

c o n s i l iu m r e g n i c e l s a d i s p o n i t ab a u la

tu ta n d iq u e h o m in is l e g e s su b c o r d e r e t r a c t a t .

i n m a n ib u s dom inae sc ep tru m n on a r t e p o l i turn

s e d l i g n o uiuum u i r i d i e s t , quod s t i r p e r e c i s o

quam uis n u l l u s a l a t t e r r e n i c a e s p i t i s um or,

f r o n d e tam en u i r e t in c o lu m i , turn s a n g u in e t i n o t i s

i n t e r t e x t a r o s i s c a n d e n t ia l i l i a m is c e t

n e s o i a m a r c e n t i f lo r e m s u b m it t e r e c o l l o .

h u iu s form a f u i t s c e p t r i g e s ta m e n Aaron

f l o r i f e r u m , s i c c o quod g e rm in a c o r t i c e t r u d e n s

e x p l i c u i t ten eru m sp e p u b e s c e n te d ecorem

in q u e n o u o s s u b i t o tu m u it u ir g a a r id a f e t u s .

R eddim us a e t e r n a s , in d u lg e n t ! s s im e d o c t o r ,

g r a t e s , C h r i s t o , t i b i m e r ito s q u e sacram u s h o n o r e s

o r e p io -n a m c o r u i t io r u m s t e r c o r e s o r d o t - :

t u n o s c o r p o r e i l a t e b r o s a p e r i c u l a o p e r t i

l u e t e m t is q u e an im as u o l u i s t i a g n o s c e r e c a s u s .45n ou im u s a n c i p i t e s n e b u lo s o i n p e c to r e s e n s u s

M a tth . 1 3 : 4 6 : I n v e n ta autem una p r e t i o s am a r g a r !t a , a b i ï t , e t v e n d i d i t om nia quae h a b u it e t e m it earn.

A en . 1 2 :9 1 4 : . turn p e c to r e s e n s u s .

su d a r e a l t e r n i s c o n f l l c t i b u s e t u a r ia t o

pugnarum e u e n tu nunc i n d o le c r e s c e r e d e x t r a , 895

nunc i n c l i n â t i s u i r t u t i b u s ad iu g a u i t a e

d é t é r i o r a t r a h i s e s e q u e a d d ic e r e n o x i s

t u r p ib u s e t p r o p r ia e ia c tu r a m f e r r e s a l u t i s .

o quot i e n s anlm an u o tio r u m p e s t e r e p u is a

se n s im u s i n c a l u i s s e d e o , q u o t i e n s te p e fa c tu r n 900

c a e l e s t e in g e n iu m p o s t g a u d ia C an d id a t a e t r o46

c e s s i s s e s to m a c h o l f e r u e n t b e 1 1 a h o r r id a , f e r u e n t ,

o s s i b u s i n c l u s a f r e m i t e t d i s c o r d ib u s a r m is

non s im p le x n a tu r a h o m in is ; nam u i s c e r a l im o

e f f i g i a t a prem unt animum, c o n t r a i l l e s e r e n o 905

e d i t u s a d f l a t u n i g r a n t i s c a r e e r s c o r d i s

a e s t u a t e t s o r d e s a r t a i n t e r u i n c l a r é c u s â t .47s p i r i t i b u s p u g n a n t u a r i i s l u x a tq u e t e n e b r a e

d i s t a n t e sq u e a n im a t d u p le x s u b s t a n t i a u i r e s ,

d on ee p r a e s i d i o C h r i s t u s d e u s a d s i t e t om nes 910

u ir tu tu m gemmas coupon a t s e d e p i a t a

a t q u e , u b i p ecoatu m r e g n a u e r a t , a u r e a t e m p ii

a t r i a c o n s t i t u o n s t e x a t sp e c ta m in e morum

A en. 6 : 8 6 : • . . b e 1 1 a , h o r r id a b e l l a . . .

G a l . 5 : 1 7 : G aro en im c o n c u p i s c i t a d v e r s u s s p ir i t u m , s p i r i t u s autem a d v e r s u s carnem ; h a e c en im s i b i in v ie e m a d v e r s a n tu r , u t non quaeeum que v u l t i s , i l i a f a c i a t i s .

orn am en ta a n im a e , q u ib u s o b l e c t a t a d e c o r o

a etern u m s o l i o d iu e s S a p ie n t ia ^ ^ r e g n e t . 915

^ 3 : 1 5 : P r e t i o s l o r e s t c u n c t i s o p ib u s , e tom nia quae d e s id e r a n t u r h u ic non v a l e n t o o m p a r a r i.

CHAPTER IV

THE WAR OF THE SOUL

PREFACE

L a te i n h i s l i f e t i m e Abram, th e f a i t h f u l

p a t r i a r c h , s t e a d f a s t i n u p h o ld in g th e a n c ie n t t e a c h

i n g s , w as a p p o in te d f a t h e r o f t h e c h o s e n r a c e when

God in c r e a s e d b y a s y l l a b l e th e name Abram, b e s to w e d

upon him b y h i s p a r e n t s , t o Abraham. When h e c o n

s e c r a t e d th e c h i l d o f h i s o ld a g e a s a v i c t i m , he

t a u g h t u s t h a t when we w is h t o o f f e r a s a c r i f i c e a t

th e a l t a r , we m u s t , t r u s t i n g i n God, w i l l i n g l y o f f e r

t h a t w h ic h i s d e a r t o t h e h e a r t , v a lu a b le i n i t s e l f ,

and a c c e p t a b le t o t h e A lm ig h ty . S e t t i n g b e f o r e u s

h i s e x a m p le , h e h a s w arn ed u s t o be on o u r gu ard

a g a i n s t im p io u s men and n o t t o a t te m p t t o p e r fo r m

a c t s m e r i t o r i o u s i n t h e e y e s o f God, t h a t i s ,

v i r t u o u s d e e d s , u n t i l o u r s o u l s , u n d a u n ted i n t h e

g r e a t s t r u g g l e , s h a l l h a v e f i r s t d r iv e n o u t t h e

v i c e s t h a t h o ld t h e h e a r t c a p t i v e .

I t h ap p en ed t h a t h o s t i l e k in g s had c a p tu r e d L ot

w hen he w as d w e l l in g i n t h e w ic k e d c i t i e s o f Sodom

and G om orrah, w h ere h e had come a s a s t r a n g e r and

rem a in ed t o e n j o y th e p r e s t i g e e s t a b l i s h e d b y h i s

u n c l e ’ s r e p u t a t i o n . Abram, a r o u s e d b y t h e a la r m in g

n ew s c o n c e r n in g h i s k in sm a n , w h o, c a p tu r e d i n t h e

f o r t u n e s o f w a r , w a s b e in g h e ld i n c r u e l s e r v i t u d e

b y t h e b a r b a r ia n s , a im ed t h r e e h u n d red and e ig h t e e n

men o f h i s h o u s e h o ld and o r d e r e d them t o p u rsu e

and a t t a c k t h e enem y en cu m b ered i n f l i g h t b y t h e

r i c h b o o t y and v a s t s p o i l s o f t h e i r g l o r i o u s

c o n q u e s t . Abram, h i m s e l f u n sh e a th e d h i s own sw ord

a n d , f o r t i f i e d b y a id fro m o n h i g h , r o u t e d th e

h a u g h ty k i n g s , h in d e r e d i n t h e i r r e t r e a t b y t h e

w e ig h t o f t h e i r p lu n d e r , an d tr a m p le d u n d e r fo o t

th e w ou n d ed . B r e a k in g t h e f e t t e r s , h e l i b e r a t e d

t h e c a p tu r e d t r e a s u r e s : g o l d , m a id e n s , l i t t l e

c h i l d r e n , j e w e l s , s h e e p , t h e t r a p p in g s o f h o r s e s ,

g a r m e n ts , an d o x e n . L o t , f r e e d from t h e r e s t r a i n

in g s h a c k le s w h ic h bound h im , e a s e d h i s n e c k s t i l l

s m a r t in g from t h e c h a f in g o f th e l i n k s . A f t e r t h e

d e p a r tu r e o f t h e enem y, o n c e tr iu m p h a n t , Abram

r e tu r n e d i n g l o r y , m e r i t e d b y r e s c u in g h i s

b r o t h e r ’ s s o n , t h e r e b y r e d e e m in g a member o f th e

f a i t h f u l t r i b e from th e pow er o f w ic k e d k i n g s .

When he r e tu r n e d from t h e v i c t o r i o u s s t r u g g l e ,

h e a v e n ly fo o d w as p r e s e n t e d t o him by a p r i e s t .

He w a s a p r i e s t o f God, a p o w e r fu l k in g i n h i s

own r i g h t , w h ose b i r t h , h id d e n i n o b s c u r i t y ,

b e t r a y s no a n c e s t r y , M e lc h is e d e c h , born o f a r a c e

and from f o r e f a t h e r s known o n l y t o God. L a t e r ,

a t r i n i t y o f a n g e l s a p p e a r e d and v i s i t e d th e home

o f t h e h o s p i t a b l e o ld m an, and f o r t h w i t h S a r a ,

c o n c e i v in g i n h e r b a r r e n womb, w as am azed t h a t

n ow , th o u g h a d v a n ce d i n y e a r s , sh e w a s , a s a

m o th e r , t o e n j o y t h e f u n c t io n o f y o u th ; sh e

r e j o i c e d t h a t an h e i r w as t o be b o m , r e p e n t in g

h e r s e l f o f h e r l a u g h t e r .

T h is o u t l i n e o f th e s t o r y o f Abram h a s b e e n

w r i t t e n a s a p r e fa c e so t h a t i t m ay s e r v e a s

a p a t t e r n o f th e t r u e c o u r s e w h ic h o u r own l i f e

m ay f o l lo w : we m u st b e v i g i l a n t w i t h t h e

b r e a s t p l a t e o f f i d e l i t y ; and e v e r y p a r t o f o u r

b o d y h e ld c a p t i v e b y e v i l d e s i r e s m u st be f r e e d

b y s e l f - c o n q u e s t ; we a r e r i c h b ey o n d m ea su re i f

we n o te t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e o f t h e m y s t i c a l num ber

t h r e e h u n d red and e i g h t e e n .

Then C h r is t H im s e l f , Who i s th e t r u e P r i e s t ,

b orn o f t h e one and in c o m p r e h e n s ib le God, g i v i n g

H im s e l f a s fo o d t o t h e b l e s s e d s o u l s , w i l l e n t e r

th e l o w l y ab od e o f t h e p u re o f h e a r t , b r in g in g

t h e g l o r y o f th e i n d w e l l i n g o f t h e B le s s e d

T r i n i t y ; and th e H o ly S p i r i t s h a l l make t h e s o u l

u n i t e d t o I t i n h o l y l o v e , t h e s o u l t h a t h a s f o r

a lo n g t im e b e e n b a r r e n , f e r t i l e b y th e e t e r n a l

s e e d , a n d , a s a woman i n la b o r c o n c e iv e s in h e r

o l d a g e , so t h a t s o u l w i l l b r in g f o r t h a w o r th y

h e i r t o t h e F a t h e r ’ s h o u s e .

0 C h r i s t , Thou Who a r t ren ow n ed b e c a u s e o f Thy

F a t h e r ’ s g l o r y and T h in e own, n o t h o w e v e r , tw o s e p a r a t e and

d i s t i n c t g l o r i e s , b u t o n e , a s we w o r s h ip b u t o n e God u n d er

e a c h nam e, s i n c e T h ou , 0 C h r i s t , a r t God, b orn o f t h e

F a t h e r , Thou h a s t a lw a y s had c o m p a ss io n on th e w e ig h t y

p r o b le m s o f m en . R e v e a l t o u s , 0 K in g , how t h e s o u l a s a

s o l d i e r i n arm ored a r r a y may d r iv e s i n from o u r in n e r m o s t

h e a r t s a s o f t e n a s a c o n f l i c t a r i s e s i n o u r t r o u b le d s e n s e s

and t h e t e m p t a t io n s o f e v i l d e s i r e s to r m e n t th e s o u l .

R e v e a l vAiat a i d s we h a v e f o r m a in t a in in g o u r freed o m and

w h at p o w e r fu l f o r c e s a r e a t hand t o d e fe n d and t o a id u s i n

r e s i s t i n g t h e v i c e s s t r u g g l i n g f o r m a s te r y i n o u r b r e a s t s .

F or in d e e d , 0 g o o d M a s te r , Thou h a s t n o t l e f t Thy f o l l o w e r s

d e s t i t u t e o f n o b le v i r t u e s and l a c k in g in c o u r a g e , a p r e y

t o d e s t r o y in g v i c e s . Thou T h y s e l f d o s t command f o r c e s

b r in g in g s a l v a t i o n t o t h e s o u l b e s e t b y t e m p t a t io n s ; Thou

d o s t f u r n i s h t h e s p i r i t w i t h la u d a b le a t t r i b u t e s , m ak in g I t

p o w e r fu l t o a t t a c k t h e s e n s u a l d e s i r e s o f t h e h e a r t and

th u s t o f i g h t an d t o c o n q u e r f o r T h e e . The p a th t o v i c t o r y

l i e s o p e n b e f o r e u s i f we b u t s t u d y th e v e r y f e a t u r e s o f

t h e v i r t u e s n e a r a t hand and o f t h e v i c e s w h ic h c o n te n d

w it h them i n d e a d ly co m b a t.

O nto t h e f i e l d o f b a t t l e , t o f a c e t h e u n c e r t a in

f o r t u n e s o f w a r , v e n t u r e s F a i t h , h e r r u s t i c garb i n

d i s o r d e r , w i t h u n c o v e r e d s h o u ld e r s and a r m s , and l o o s e ,

s tr e a m in g t r e s s e s ; f o r i n t h e su d d en h e a t o f a c t i o n , e a g e r

f o r new c o n q u e s t s , rem em b erin g n e i t h e r w ea p o n s n o r s h i e l d ,

w it h b o d y u n c o v e r e d , t r u s t i n g a lo n e i n h e r r e s o l u t e h e a r t ,

sh e f a c e s t h e d a n g e r s o f t h i s te m p e s tu o u s w a r . P a g a n ism

w it h g a th e r e d s t r e n g t h d a r e s t o s t r i k e f i r s t a t F a i t h , h e r

c h a l l e n g e r . S h e , h o w e v e r , r i s i n g on h ig h s m i t e s down t h a t

h e a d , i t s t e m p le s a d o r n e d w i t h f i l l e t s and i t s m outh t o o

o f t e n s a t e d w i t h t h e b lo o d o f b e a s t s , and t r a m p le s u n d er

f o o t t h e e y e s f o r c e d o u t i n d e a t h . T h is e v i l p o w er , i t s

t h r o a t c h o k ed and b r o k e n , g a s p s f o r b r e a th and s u f f e r s an

a g o n iz in g d e a t h . The v i c t o r i o u s l e g i o n w h ic h F a i t h , t h e i r

q u e e n , had e n l i s t e d from o n e th o u sa n d m a r ty r s and e n

c o u r a g e d a g a i n s t t h e en em y, r e j o i c e s . FOr t h e n e w ly g a in e d

v i c t o r y . F a i t h crow n s h e r c o u r a g e o u s co m p a n io n s w i t h

g a r la n d s o f f l o w e r s and b id s them be c lo t h e d i n b r i g h t

p u r p le .

N ex t on t h e g r a s s y p l a i n s t o j o i n i n t h e c o n f l i c t

com es v i r g i n C h a s t i t y , r e s p le n d e n t i n s h in in g a rm or . L u s t ,

t h e S o d o m ite , g i r t w i t h h e r n a t i v e t o r c h e s , a t t a c k s h e r ,

t h r u s t i n g a t h e r f a c e t h e s u lp h u r o u s p i n e , a im in g a t th e

m o d e st e y e s . B u t t h e m a id e n , u n a f r a id , s m i t e s w i t h a r o c k

th e r i g h t hand o f t h e f i e r y F u r y , a v e r t i n g th e r e b y from h e r

m o d e s t f a c e t h e b l a z i n g w ea p o n s and t o r c h e s o f t h e f i e r c e

s h e - w o l f . W ith h e r sw ord s h e p i e r c e s t h e t h r o a t o f th e

d isa r m e d h a r l o t , who v o m its f o r t h h o t v a p o r s c l o t t e d w i t h

b la c k b l o o d , a n d , a s sh e e x p i r e s , p o l l u t e s th e su r r o u n d in g

a tm o sp h e re w i t h h e r f o u l b r e a t h . "She i s h i t , ” e x c la im s

t h e v i c t o r i o u s q u e e n . " T h is s h a l l be t h y e n d . Thou s h a l t

e v e r l i e p r o s t r a t e , n e v e r a g a in t o d a re t o s c a t t e r t h y

d e a d ly f la m e s a g a i n s t t h e s e r v a n t s o f God ; th e in n e r f i b e r

o f t h e i r pu re s o u l s i s e n k in d le d b y t h e lam p o f C h r is t

a l o n e . As th o u g h th o u , 0 d i s t u r b e r o f m en , c o u ld e v e r

r e v i v e t h y s e l f w i t h e n e r g y anew a f t e r t h e b r e a th o f t h y

l i f e h a s b e e n e x t i n g u i s h e d ; a f t e r t h e l i f e l e s s h ea d o f th e

m ig h ty H o lo f e m e s b a th e d h i s A s s y r ia n cham ber w i t h h i s

l u s t f u l b lo o d w hen J u d i t h , r e s o l u t e in p u r p o s e , s p u r n in g

th e b e j e w e le d c o u c h o f t h e a d u l t e r o u s t y r a n t c h e c k e d w i t h

a s w o r d - t h r u s t h i s u n c le a n d e s i r e a n d , woman th o u g h sh e

w a s , b o re aw ay w i t h i n f l e x i b l e hand t h e fam ed t r o p h y —

J u d i t h , my h e a v e n - s e n t b r a v e d e fe n d e r .’ B u t p e r h a p s th e

woman, th o u g h f i g h t i n g u n d er t h e shadow o f God’ s la w , w a s

n o t p o w e r fu l e n o u g h , th o u g h sh e p r e f ig u r e d o u r t im e s i n

w h ic h t r u e v i r t u e h a s f lo w e d i n t o e a r t h l y b o d ie s so t h a t

th r o u g h w eak in s tr u m e n t s t h e d o m in io n o f L u s t m ig h t be

o v e r c o m e .

S in c e th e V ir g in Im m acu la te g a v e b i r t h t o t h e S o n ,

w h at pow er h a s t th o u o v e r man? S in c e t h e V ir g in Im m aou late

g a v e b i r t h t o t h e S o n , H is o r i g i n a l c o n c e p t io n d i s r e g a r d in g

t h e n a t u r a l f u n c t i o n i n g o f t h e human b o d y , t h e Pow er Above

b e g o t new f l e s h and a p u re V ir g in c o n c e iv e d C h r i s t t h e

L o r d , Who i s man from H is m o r t a l m o th e r , b u t God w i t h H is

F a th e r . From th e n c e a l l f l e s h i s d iv in e w h ic h c o n c e i v e s

Him, s h a r in g th e son s h ip o f God b y a c o v e n a n t . F or th e

Word made f l e s h d id n o t c e a s e t o be w h at He w a s . The Word;

n o r d id H e, a ssu m in g human n a t u r e , d im in is h H is G od -h ead ,

b u t r a i s e d f a l l e n h u m a n ity t o h e i g h t s d i v i n e . C h r is t

r e m a in s w h at He w a s , th o u g h b e g in n in g t o b e w h a t He w as

n o t ; we a r e no l o n g e r w h at we w e r e , b e in g b o m i n t o a

b e t t e r c o n d i t i o n ; i n a ssu m in g o u r n a tu r e w h i le s t i l l

r e t a i n i n g H is ow n. H is d i v i n i t y s u f f e r e d no l o s s ; b u t

m ak in g u s p a r t a k e r s o f H is D iv in e n a t u r e , He e l e v a t e d u s

t o h e a v e n ly h e i g h t s . I t i s b y H is pow er t h a t th o u l i e s t

c o n q u e r e d , f i l t h y L u s t , and n o t s i n c e t h e t im e o f M ary

c a n s t th o u i n f r i n g e upon my r i g h t s . Thou a r t t h e w ay t o

d e a t h , th o u a r t t h e g a t e o f d e s t r u c t i o n , p o l l u t i n g o u r

b o d ie s and p lu n g in g o u r s o u l s i n t o T a r ta r u s . H id e t h y

h e a d i n th e g lo o m y a b y s s , e v i l v i c e t h a t th o u a r t ; d i e ,

0 h a r l o t , s e e k t h e i n f e r n a l r e g i o n s , r em a in f o r e v e r

e n c lo s e d i n A v e r n u s , t h r u s t down i n t o t h e d ark d e p th s o f

n i g h t ! May t h e f i e r y w a t e r s b e lo w f lo w o v e r t h e e , and th e

b la c k r i v e r s w it h t h e i r s u lp h u r o u s w h ir l p o o l c a r r y t h e e

a lo n g on t h e i r t u r b u le n t c o u r s e . No lo n g e r m ay th o u ,

0 m o st v i o l e n t o f v i c e s , tem p t C h r i s t i a n s w h ose p u r i f i e d

b o d ie s a r e r e s e r v e d f o r t h e i r K in g .”

H a v in g sp ok en t h e s e w o r d s and r e j o i c i n g i n t h e d e a th

o f c o n q u e r e d L u s t , C h a s t i t y d ip p e d h e r c r im so n w e t sw ord

i n t h e w a t e r s o f t h e J o r d a n , f o r t h e b lo o d w h ic h had f lo w e d

d r ip p in g r e d from t h e w ound s t i l l c lu n g t o i t , d e f i l i n g i t s

l u s t e r . So t h e w is e v i c t o r p u r i f i e s h e r c o n q u e r in g s t e e l ,

w a s h in g i t i n t h e r i v e r , p u r g in g i t o f t h e s t a i n made b y

t h e b lo o d from t h e en em y’ s t h r o a t ; b u t no lo n g e r c o n t e n t t o

s h e a th e t h e f r e s h l y c l e a n s e d b la d e l e s t r u s t w i t h i t s h a r s h

t e x t u r e d u l l t h e b r i g h t s u r f a c e , sh e d e d i c a t e s i t a t t h e

a l t a r o f t h e d i v i n e f o u n t a in i n a C a t h o l i c te m p le t o s h in e

w it h e t e r n a l s p le n d o r .

M e a n w h ile , m o d est P a t i e n c e , s t a n d in g m o t i o n l e s s i n

t h e m id s t o f th e b a t t l e and tu m u ltu o u s u p r o a r , w a s w a t c h in g

w it h s e r i o u s e x p r e s s io n and a t t e n t i v e e y e s t h e w ou nd s and

t h e b o d ie s t r a n s f i x e d b y th e c r u e l w ea p o n s , r e m a in in g a l l

t h e w h i l e t r a n q u i l . O f f i n t h e d i s t a n c e . W rath , s w e l l i n g

w it h a n g e r and fo a m in g a t t h e m o u th , r o l l i n g h e r e y e s

s u f f u s e d w i t h b lo o d and g a l l , h u r l s w ord s and w ea p o n s a t

h e r f o r t a k i n g no p a r t i n t h e w a r . I m p a t ie n t o f d e l a y sh e

a t t a c k s h e r w i t h p ik e and a s s a i l s h e r w i t h w o r d s , t o s s i n g

t h e sh a g g y p lu m es on h e r h e lm e te d h e a d : ’’Come, 0 in d o le n t

s p e c t a t o r o f t h i s c o n f l i c t o f o u r s , and l e t t h i s d e a d ly

w eapon p i e r c e t h y p e a c e f u l h e a r t ; y e t do n o t m oan, a s i t i s

sh a m e fu l f o r t h e e t o u t t e r a c r y . ”

W ith t h e s e a b u s iv e w ord s sh e s e n d s a w h i s t l i n g

s p e a r q u iv e r in g th r o u g h t h e g e n t l e b r e e z e s ; w e l l - a im e d , i t

s t r i k e s , h i t t i n g w i t h a d i r e c t b lo w b u t r e p u ls e d b y th e

im p r e g n a b le r e s i s t a n c e o f t h e c u i r a s s , i t r e b o u n d e d .

P a t ie n c e had p r o v i d e n t l y th row n o v e r h e r s h o u ld e r s h e r

arm or o f t r i p l e t h i c k n e s s , h e r b r e a s t p l a t e w i t h s t e e l y

s c a l e s bound s t r o n g l y t o g e t h e r on a l l s i d e s w i t h c o r d s

t w i s t e d t i g h t . Thus p r o t e c t e d , P a t ie n c e r e m a in s q u i e t ,

b r a v e ly w i t h s t a n d in g e v e r y sh ow er o f w e a p o n s . U n p ertu rb ed

b y th e j a v e l i n o f t h e m o n s te r fu m in g w it h r a g e , sh e c a lm ly

w a it e d f o r W rath t o consum e h e r s e l f from w i t h i n . Soon th e

s a v a g e w a r r io r h ad e x h a u s te d b y a n g e r h e r untam ed s t r e n g t h

and h ad r e n d e r e d h e r r i g h t arm u s e l e s s b y t h e c o n t i n u a l

h u r l in g o f w ea p o n s; w hen h e r s w i f t a r ro w s had f a l l e n i n

t h e i r w in g e d f l i g h t and t h e s p e a r - s h a f t s , m i s s i n g t h e i r

m ark , l a y b r o k e n , h e r u n r e l e n t in g r i g h t hand r e a c h e d f o r

t h e s w o r d - h i l t . R a i s in g t h e f l a s h i n g tw o -e d g e d sw ord h ig h

o v e r h e r h ea d sh e s t r u c k t h e r id g e o f t h e h e lm e t w i t h a

f o r c e f u l b lo w . The c la n g o f t h e sw ord on t h e b r o n z e

h e lm e t , f a s h io n e d from fo r g e d m e t a l , r e so u n d e d when s t r u c k ;

t h e in p e n e t r a b le h e lm e t b lu n t e d th e e d g e o f t h e r e b o u n d in g

sw o rd , t h e r e s i s t i n g m e t a l b r e a k s t h e a t t a c k s o f t h e b la d e

a n d , u n s h a t t e r e d , r e c e i v e s t h e f u t i l e a s s a u l t s o f t h e e v i l

o n e , i t s e l f r e m a in in g unharm ed.

W rath , s e e i n g t h e fr a g m e n ts o f h e r b ro k en sw ord

l y i n g i n s c a t t e r e d p i e c e s , b e r e f t o f m in d , f lu n g a s i d e t h e

s w o r d le s s h i l t w h ich l a y i n h e r h a n d , t h a t b l a d e l e s s i v o r y ,

a p e r f i d i o u s to k e n o f h e r sh a m e fu l p a s s i o n . H a v in g h u r le d

a f a r t h e b i t t e r r e m in d e r , m a d n ess now d r i v e s h e r t o s e l f -

d e s t r u c t i o n . She p i c k s on e o f t h e p o o r ly a im ed m i s s i l e s

from t h e d u s t o f t h e b a t t l e grou n d f o r an e v i l u s e ; f i x i n g

t h e sm ooth wood i n t h e gro u n d sh e s t a b s h e r s e l f on th e

u p tu r n e d p o i n t , p i e r c i n g h e r lu n g w i t h a p a i n f u l w ound.

P a t i e n c e , s t a n d in g a b ove h e r , p r o c la im s , "We h a v e

c o n q u e r e d t h e b o a s t f u l V ic e b y o u r h a b i t u a l s e l f - r e s t r a d n t ,

w it h o u t a n y d a n g e r t o b lo o d o r t o l i f e ; o u r p la n o f a c t i o n

m akes u se o f t h i s t y p e o f w a r fa r e t o d e s t r o y b y en d u ra n ce

t h e V ic e s w i t h a l l t h e i r f o r c e s o f e v i l and sa v a g e

s t r e n g t h . F ie r y A nger i s h e r own u n b r id le d enem y, d e s t r o y

i n g h e r s e l f b y h e r r a g in g and d y in g b y h e r own w e a p o n s ."

H a v in g u t t e r e d t h e s e w o r d s , sh e p a s s e d th r o u g h th e

r a n k s , a cco m p a n ied b y an e m in e n t man; f o r Job had r em a in e d

a t th e s i d e o f h i s i n v i n c i b l e m i s t r e s s d u r in g t h e f i e r c e

s t r u g g l e . H i t h e r t o h e w as s t e r n o f brow and w e a r ie d b y

t r i a l s , b u t s m i l e s now c o v e r h i s h a r s h c o u n te n a n c e a s h e

c o n s i d e r s h i s h e a le d s o r e , and b y t h e num ber o f s c a r s ,

r e c o u n t s h i s th o u s a n d s o f t r i a l s , h i s own r e w a r d s , and t h e

en em y’ s d i s g r a c e .

P a t ie n c e now b i d s h im t o r e s t from a l l c o n f l i c t o f

arm s and t o r e p l e n i s h h i s l o s t r i c h e s from t h e c a p tu r e d

s p o i l s , c a r r y in g b a c k t r e a s u r e s w h ic h a r e d e s t i n e d t o

e n d u r e . She h e r s e l f b r e a k s th r o u g h t h e t r o o p s o f t h e

l e g i o n s and t h e o p p o s in g f o r c e s , w a lk in g u n h u rt am id th e

sh o w er o f d e a d ly w e a p o n s . E n d u rin g P a t ie n c e i s t h e o n l y

com p an ion who a l l i e s h e r s e l f w i t h a l l t h e v i r t u e s t o l e n d

h e r a s s i s t a n c e . No V ir t u e u n d e r ta k e s a d a n g e r o u s t a s k

w it h o u t h e r , f o r sh e i s t r u l y p o o r ly e q u ip p e d who l a c k s th e

s u s t a i n i n g pow er o f P a t i e n c e .

I t c h a n c e d t h a t pom pous P r id e w as r i d i n g a b o u t

th r o u g h t h e w id e s p r e a d f o r c e s on h e r s p i r i t e d h o r s e on

w h ic h sh e had p la c e d t h e s k in o f a l i o n , c o v e r in g t h e

s t r o n g s h o u ld e r s w i t h t h e sh a g g y h a i r . S u p p o r te d t h u s b y

t h e w i l d b e a s t ’ s m ane, sh e a r r a y e d h e r s e l f , l o o k in g down

w it h h a u g h ty d i s d a i n upon t h e t r o o p s . She had d r e s s e d h e r

h ea d w i t h a to w e r in g c o i f f u r e , a r r a n g in g t h e c o i l s o f h a i r

so t h a t t h e u p sw eep o f c u r l s m ig h t h e ig h t e n h e r l o c k s and

f a s h io n a l o f t y c r e s t o v e r h e r a r r o g a n t b row . F lo w in g

from h e r s h o u l d e r s , t h e l i n e n p a l l a w as g a th e r e d a t h e r

b r e a s t and h e ld i n a g r a c e f u l k n o t on h e r b osom , w h i le h e r

headband o f t h i n v e i l i n g f a l l i n g from th e n ap e o f h e r n e c k

c a u g h t i n i t s b i l l o w i n g f o l d s t h e g e n t l e b r e e z e s . H er

s t e e d , n o t l e s s im p e r io u s i n i t s r e s t l e s s f i e r c e n e s s ,

im p a t ie n t o f r e s t r a i n t , cham ped t h e fo a m in g b i t . D e n ie d

t h e fr e e d o m o f f l i g h t , he r e s i s t e d t h e t i g h t p r e s s u r e o f

t h e r e i n s and sw erv ed t h i s w ay and t h a t i n h i s r a g e . So

a r r a y e d , t h e w a r r io r -m a id e n p r e s e n t e d h e r s e l f , o v e r lo o k in g

b o th a r m ie s , r i d i n g rou n d on h e r s t e e d c o v e r e d w it h

t r a p p in g s ; s u r v e y in g t h e o p p o s in g arm y, sh e a s s a i l s , w i t h

lo o k and w ord , t h e p a l t r y f o r c e s and In a d e q u a te w eap on s

t h a t H u m il i t y had g a th e r e d f o r t h e c o n f l i c t . A q u een sh e

w a s , in d e e d , b u t , n o t r e l y i n g s o l e l y on i n h e r own

p r e p a r a t io n s , sh e so u g h t t h e a i d o f o t h e r s . She had

e n l i s t e d a s h e r a l l y , H op e, w h ose e x a l t e d home i s r a i s e d

h i ^ a b o v e t h e e a r t h i n a p r e c i o u s k in g d o m . T h e r e fo r e

P r i d e , i n h e r a n g e r a f t e r l o o k in g a t H u m il i t y w i t h h e r

m ea g er w ea p o n s t h a t o f f e r no m e n a c e , sp o k e w i t h t h e s e

b i t t e r w o r d s . "Are y o u n o t a sh am ed , 0 w r e tc h e d o n e s , t o

c h a l l e n g e fam ou s c h i e f s w i t h su ch p a l t r y f o r c e s and t o

w i e l d y o u r sw ord a g a i n s t a r a c e d i s t i n g u i s h e d b y c o n q u e s t s ,

w h o se w a r - l i k e v a l o r h a s g a in e d f o r i t s e l f t im e -h o n o r e d

w e a l t h and d o m in io n o f le in d s f e r t i l e w i t h c r o p s ? And now

a d e s t i t u t e s t r a n g e r v e n t u r e s t o d r iv e o u t t h e s e a n c ie n t

r u l e r s — 0 p resu m p tu o u s t h o u g h t 2 Look a t t h e s e who w is h

t h a t we s u r r e n d e r i n t o t h e i r h a n d s o u r s c e p t r e s a s b o o ty ;

and t h o s e who a t te m p t t o t i l l o u r a c r e s , t o d e s p o i l w i t h a

f o r e i g n p lo w t h e f i e l d s c a p tu r e d b y o u r h a n d s , t o d r iv e o u t

b y w a r fa r e th e s t u r d y husbandm en. F o r s o o th , r i d i c u l o u s

r a b b l e , i n t h e h o u r o f b i r t h we c la im a l l o f man e v e n w h i le

h i s b o d y i s s t i l l warm from h i s m o th e r ; we i n f u s e th e

s t r e n g t h o f o u r p ow er th r o u g h o u t t h e b od y o f th e b ab e new

b o r n , d o m in a t in g a l l i n i t s t e n d e r fr a m e . What room , th e n

i s l e f t f o r yo u i n o u r k ingdom w h ere o u r sw ay in c r e a s e d

e v e n a s t h e p h y s i c a l s t r e n g t h d e v e lo p e d ? F or b o rn on th e

same d a y , t h e b od y and w e , i t s m a s t e r s , g rew t o g e t h e r w it h

t h e p a s s in g o f t im e , from t h a t moment when t h e f i r s t m an,

g o in g f o r t h from t h e e n c lo s e d l i m i t s o f P a r a d is e , f l e d i n t o

th e w id e w o r ld , and v e n e r a b le Adam c l o t h e d h i m s e l f w i t h

s k i n s ; n ak ed h e w o u ld s t i l l b e , had he n o t f o l lo w e d o u r

c o u n s e l . Now who i s t h i s enem y, a s t r a n g e r from f o r e i g n

s h o r e s , who com es now , u n s k i l l e d , s l u g g i s h , i g n o b l e , m ad,

an e x i l e up t i l l now , t o c la im a t t h i s l a t e d a te r i g h t s

u n to h e r s e l f ? F o r s o o th , f o o l i s h t h i n g s w i l l be b e l i e v e d o f

i d l e rum ors w h ic h lu r e i t s w r e tc h e d b e l i e v e r s t o p r e f e r t h e

h o p e o f f u t u r e b l e s s i n g s so t h a t i t s c o n s o l a t i o n s , th o u g h

s lo w i n m a t e r i a l i z i n g , m ay f l a t t e r t h e i r unm anly a c t i o n s

w it h i d l e d rea m s. What i s i t b u t a s p i r i t l e s s Hope t h a t

c o a x e s t h e s e o n to t h e f i e l d o f b a t t l e , t h e s e b e g in n e r s whom

B e l lo n a d o e s n o t a r o u s e w i t h h e r tru m p e t b l a s t s , and w h ose

lukew arm c o u r a g e r e v e a l s t h e i r u n w a r lik e s p i r i t s ? Or i s

th e c o l d h e a r t o f C h a s t i t y u s e f u l i n w a r , o r i s t h e

d e l i c a t e la b o r o f P i e t y a c c o m p lis h e d b y arm s?

How sh a m e fu l i t i s , 0 W ar, 0 c o n s c io u s P o w er , t o

w it h s t a n d su c h an arm y a s t h i s , t o a t t a c k su c h t r i f l e r s

w it h t h e sw o rd , and t o f i g h t w i t h a band o f m a id e n s among

whom i s e v e r - n e e d y J u s t i c e , im p o v e r is h e d H o n e s ty , d r y

S o b r i e t y , w h it e f a c e d F a s t i n g , M o d e sty s c a r c e l y b lu s h in g a s

h e r b lo o d i s so t h i n , op en S i m p l i c i t y , e x p o s in g h e r s e l f

w it h o u t p r o t e c t i o n t o e v e r y a t t a c k , and H u m il i t y , n o t f r e e

i n h e r own Judgm ent, p r o s t r a t e o n th e g r o u n d , r e v e a l i n g h e r

own l o w l i n e s s i n h e r t r e p i d a t i o n . I s h a l l s e e t h a t t h i s

f e e b l e g ro u p i s grou n d u n d e r f o o t l i k e s t u b b l e , n o t d eem in g

them w o r th y t o be c o n q u e r e d b y o u r t r u s t y sw o rd , c a r in g n o t

t o s t a i n o u r w eap on s w i t h t h e i r c o w a r d ly b lo o d n o r t o

d is g r a c e o u r men w i t h a S h a llo w v i c t o r y . ”

U t t e r in g t h e s e w o r d s , s h e sp u r r e d on h e r s w i f t

f o o t e d h o r s e a s i t d a sh e d w i l d l y fo rw a rd w i t h lo o s e n e d

r e i n s , a im in g to u n s e a t h e r hum ble f o e b y t h e im p a c t o f h e r

h o r s e and t h u s t o tr a m p le on t h e d e f e a t e d en em y. B ut sh e

f e l l h e a d lo n g i n t o t h e p i t w h ic h s l y D e c e i t , b y c h a n c e , had

s e c r e t l y d u g , u n d e rm in in g t h e s u r f a c e o f t h e p la n e .

D e c e i t , on e o f t h e m o st d e t e s t a b l e o f V i c e s , a c r a f t y

in v e n t o r o f f r a u d , p o s s e s s i n g fo r e k n o w le d g e o f t h e w a r ,

h ad b ro k en t h e s u r f a c e o f t h e g ro u n d w it h t r e a c h e r o u s

d i t c h e s , c o n c e a l in g them from t h e en em y’ s s i d e so t h a t th e

o n r u s h in g s o l d i e r s w o u ld f a l l i n t o t h e t r e n c h w h ic h w o u ld

s w a llo w up th e t r o o p s a s t h e y p lu n g e d i n t o i t . D e c e i t had

c a m o u fla g e d th e s n a r e , h id in g i t w i t h b r a n c h e s and l e v e l i n g

th e su r r o u n d in g a r e a w i t h a c o v e r in g o f t u r f l e s t t h e

c a u t i o u s arm y d i s c o v e r t h e d a n g e r o u s p i t s .

Y et t h e m eek Q,ueen, ig n o r a n t o f a l l t h i s , rem a in ed

on t h e f u r t h e r s i d e and h ad n o t a s y e t come upon t h e

c u n n in g t r i c k o f D e c e i t , n o r w a lk e d i n t o t h e sn a r e o f t h e

t r e a c h e r o u s a b y s s . P r i d e , r i d i n g up a t a s w i f t p a c e , f e l l

i n t o t h e t r a p , r e v e a l i n g in an i n s t a n t t h e h id d e n ch asm .

Thrown fo r w a r d from t h e n e c k o f th e f a l l i n g h o r s e , sh e

r o l l e d b e tw e e n i t s l e g s and l a y c r u s h e d b y th e w e ig h t o f

i t s b o d y .

H u m il i t y , demure and s e l f - c o m p o s e d , v ie w in g t h e

m a n g led p r id e o f t h e d y in g m o n s te r , c a lm ly w a lk e d to w a r d s

h e r , a k i n d l y lo o k m o d e r a t in g t h e j o y o f h e r u p l i f t e d f a c e .

As sh e s t o o d t h e r e h e s i t a t i n g , H op e, h e r f a i t h f u l

co m p a n io n , r a n , o f f e r i n g t o h e r t h e sw ord o f v e n g e a n c e and

r o u s in g h e r d e s i r e f o r g l o r y . H u m il i t y , d r a g g in g o u t h e r

b l o o d - s t a i n e d enem y b y t h e h a i r , t u r n s h e r f a c e upw ard i n

h e r l e f t hand a n d , b e n d in g th e n e c k , c u t s o f f P r i d e ’ s h ea d

a s sh e c r i e s o u t f o r m e r c y . She l i f t s i t a l o f t , h o ld in g i t

b y th e d r ip p in g l o c k s w h i le Hope w i t h p io u s w o rd s r e b u k e s

th e now d ead P r id e .

"C ease t o sp e a k b o a s t f u l l y ; God h u m b les t h e h a u g h ty .

The m ig h ty o n e s f a l l , th e v a i n g l o r i o u s a r e c r u s h e d , th e

proud a r e h u m b led . L earn t o r e n o u n c e p r i d e , t h o s e o f y e

who a r e a r r o g a n t and t h u s a v o id t h e p i t f a l l a t t h y f e e t .

The w e ll-k n o w n p r e c e p t o f C h r i s t Our L o r d , t h a t t h e hum ble

s h a l l be e x a l t e d t o t h e h i g h e s t p l a c e s and t h e p rou d s h a l l

b e h u m b led , i s h e ld i n th e h i g h e s t e s t e e m . We h a v e s e e n

how G o l i a t h , th o u g h p o w e r fu l i n b od y and s t r e n g t h , f e l l b y

a w eak hand when a b o y ’ s r i g h t hand h u r le d t h e s t o n e

h i s s i n g from t h e b o w s tr in g w h ic h p ie r c e d h i s f o r e h e a d w i t h

a d eep w ound. H e, t h e t h r e a t e n i n g , i n f l e x i b l e , b o a s t f u l ,

t r u c u l e n t , b i t t e r o n e , s w e l l i n g w i t h p r id e u n c o n q u e r a b le ,

r a g in g v i o l e n t l y , m ak in g a d i s p l a y o f h i m s e l f , t e r r i f y i n g

th e v e r y h e a v e n s w i t h h i s s h i e l d , e x p e r ie n c e d w h at a

c h i l d ’ s s p o r t c a n d o . He t h e t u r b u le n t man o f w ar w as

overcom e b y a la d o f t e n d e r y e a r s . At t h a t t im e th e b o y

f o l lo w e d me i n t h e f l o w e r in g o f h i s v a l o r a n d , a s h i s s o u l

d e v e lo p e d i n v i r t u e , d i r e c t e d i t t o my k in gd om ; f o r a t t h e

f e e t o f t h e A lm ig h ty i s p r e s e r v e d a f i x e d abod e f o r me and

f o r t h o s e v i c t o r s whom I summon t o h e i g h t s su b lim e a f t e r

t h e s t a i n s o f t h e i r s i n s h a v e b e e n w a sh ed aw ay. ”

From th e w e s t e r n b ou n d s o f th e e a r t h had come L u xu ry

i n h o s t i l e a r r a y . C a r e l e s s o f r e p u t a t io n lo n g ago r u in e d ,

sh e a p p r o a c h e d , h e r h a i r h i g h l y p e r fu m ed , h e r e y e s e v e r

r e s t l e s s , and h e r v o i c e w a n t in g i n s t r e n g t h . D e d ic a te d t o

p l e a s u r e , w i t h e n jo y m e n t h e r s o l e p u rp o se i n l i f e , sh e

s o f t e n e d h e r s e n s e s th u s p am p ered , drank d e e p ly o f e v e r y

a l l u r i n g s e d u c t i o n , and d e s t r o y e d h e r s p i r i t a l r e a d y

w e a k e n e d . Even now sh e w as b e l c h in g up t h e f e a s t o f n i g h t

lo n g d u r a t io n , f o r w h i le r e c l i n i n g a t t a b l e , a t daw n’ s

e a r l y h ou r sh e h ad h e a r d t h e d e e p -s o u n d in g b l a s t s o f t h e

tr u m p e t . T h ereu p o n , l e a v i n g a t o n c e t h e warm c u p s , w ith

d ru n k en f o o t s l i p p i n g b e c a u s e o f th e w in e and th e b a lsa m

s p i l t r o u n d , sh e a d v a n ced t o t h i s w a r , t r a m p lin g f l o w e r s

u n d er h e r f e e t . N ot on f o o t b u t b orn e i n h e r e l e g a n t

c h a r i o t , sh e won t h e s m i t t e n h e a r t s o f t h e m a r v e l in g

s o l d i e r y . What a s t r a n g e k in d o f w a r fa r e w as h e r sJ No

w in g e d arrow f l e w on i t s c o u r s e from h e r bow s t r i n g , and

n o la n c e h i s s i n g from i t s t w i s t e d th o n g s s h o t f o r t h , n o r

d id h e r hand g r ip th e t h r e a t e n i n g sw ord . I n s t e a d , sh e

p l a y f u l l y th r e w v i o l e t s a n d , f i g h t i n g w it h r o s e l e a v e s ,

t o s s e d b a s k e t s o f f l o w e r s th r o u g h t h e enem y l i n e .

T h ereu p o n , h a v in g e n s n a r e d b y f l a t t e r y th e V i r t u e s ,

h e r s e d u c t i v e s p i r i t b r e a th e d a s u b t l e p o is o n th r o u g h t h e i r

w eak en ed b o d i e s . T h is s w e e t , d e s t r u c t i v e o d o r .

o v e r p o w e r in g t h e i r h e a d s , h e a r t s , and arm s, s o f t e n e d t h e i r

m u s e ie s o n c e s t r o n g a s i r o n , r o b b in g them o f t h e i r v i g o r .

T hey l o s e h e a r t a s th o u g h c o n q u e r e d and i n c o w a r d ly f a s h io n

l a y a s i d e t h e i r j a v e l i n s . D a z ed , a l a s , w i t h p o w e r le s s

h a n d s , t h e y a r e am azed a s t h e y m a r v e l a t t h e c h a r io t

s tu d d e d w i t h r a d ia n t j e w e l s , a s t h e y gape w i t h f i x e d s t a r e s

a t t h e r e i n s r u s t l i n g w i t h g o ld l e a f , and a t t h e a x l e o f

en orm ou s w e ig h t w ro u g h t from p u re g o l d , and a t th e s p o k e s

o f w h ite s i l v e r w h ic h th e r im e n c i r c l e s w i t h a w h e e l o f

p a le am ber. T u rn in g t h e i r s t a n d a r d s , t h e e n t i r e b a t t l e

l i n e o f t h e i r own v o l i t i o n t r e a c h e r o u s l y c r o s s e s o v e r ,

d e s i r i n g t o s u r r e n d e r , c h o o s in g t o s e r v e L u xu ry , t o b e

s u b j e c t t o t h e la w s o f t h i s l a x m i s t r e s s , and t o be

g o v e r n e d b y t h e l o o s e r u l e o f t h e lo w t a v e r n s .

S o b r i e t y , m o st c o u r a g e o u s V ir tu e th o u g h sh e w a s ,

sh u d d e re d a t t h i s d r e a d f u l d eed a s sh e saw h e r com rad es

w ith d r a w in g from th e r i g h t w in g , and t h a t bend o f s o l d i e r s ,

o n c e i n v i n c i b l e , now p e r i s h i n g w i t h o u t b lo o d - s h e d . W ith

s p e a r p o in t f i x e d , sh e r a i s e d on h ig h t h e b an n er o f t h e

c r o s s , w h ic h , good l e a d e r t h a t sh e w a s , sh e had b orn e i n

t h e v a n g u a rd o f h e r t r o o p s , and w i t h w h ic h sh e had a r o u s e d

th e s p i r i t o f h e r f a i n t - h e a r t e d b a n d , s p u r r in g them o n , now,

w it h r e p r o a c h , now w i t h m in g le d e n t r e a t y .

"What m a d n ess w rap s i n g loom t h y f o o l i s h h e a r t s ?

W h ith er a r e ye r u s h in g ? To whom do y e bow down? What a r e

t h e s e c h a in s , I p ray? F or shameJ I s i t t h y d e s i r e t o

c a r r y i n t h y h a n d s , t r a i n e d i n a rm s, l i l i e s s h i n i n g o u t

among y e l lo w f lo w e r s and g r e e n w r e a th s g a y w i t h r e d

b lo s s o m s t in g e d ? I s i t t h y w i l l now t o s u b j e c t t h y h a n d s

s k i l l e d i n w ar t o su ch f e t t e r s , t o h a v e t h y arm s now so

s t r o n g p u t i n b on d s w h i le a g o ld e n m i t r e , c o n f i n i n g t h y

m a n ly l o c k s , s o a k s up t h e n a rd p o u red o v e r i t s s a f f r o n

band? A rt th o u c o n t e n t w i t h t h i s a f t e r t h y fo r e h e a d h a s

b e e n a n n o in te d w it h o i l i n t h e s ig n o f t h e c r o s s , im p r in t in g

on t h e e a r o y a l and e v e r l a s t i n g b a p t is m , w h i le a d v a n c in g

s l o w l y , y e sw eep t h e grou n d w i t h t r a i l i n g g a r m e n ts and

s i l k e n r o b e s e n f o l d t h y la n g u id b o d y i n p la c e o f t h e

Im m o rta l t u n i c w h ic h p r o t e c t i n g f a i t h h a s w oven w i t h s k i l l

f u l f i n g e r , p r o v id in g an im p e n e tr a b le s h i e l d f o r t h e p u re

o f h e a r t t o whom sh e h e r s e l f h a s g r a n te d a r e b ir t h ? T hence

on t o n o c t u r n a l f e a s t s w h ere th e h u ge d r in k in g b ow l s p i l l s

f o r t h o n to th e t a b l e f a r and w id e th e b a c c h a n a l ia n f l o o d s

o f F a le r n ia n w in e from t h e d r ip p in g l a d l e s , w h ere t h e

c o u c h e s a r e bedew ed from many a d rop o f unm ixed w in e , and

t h e i r r i c h c a r v in g s a r e s t a i n e d from t h e s p i l t w in e o f

y e s t e r d a y ’ s b a n q u e ts ?

H as th e t h i r s t o f t h e d e s e r t e s c a p e d t h y m em o ries

and h a s t h e r e e s c a p e d th em , t o o , t h a t f o u n t a in g iv e n t o o u r

f a t h e r s from o u t t h a t r o c k , w h ose w a t e r s t h e m y s t ic ro d

b r o u g h t f o r t h l e a p in g from t h e r iv e n s to n e ? In fo r m e r

d a y s d id n o t t h a t h e a v e n ly fo o d f a l l down upon t h e t e n t s

o f t h y a n c e s t o r s , o f w h ic h , now a t a l a t e r a g e , a h a p p ie r

p e o p le a t t h e e v e n in g h ou r p a r ta k e from th e b od y o f C h r is t ?

Y e, t a s t i n g t h i s h e a v e n ly f o o d , now b a s e i n t o x i c a t i o n

h u r r i e s aw ay t o t h e r e e k in g den o f f o u l L u xury; y e m en,

whom n e i t h e r r a g in g A n ger n o r p agan G ods h a v e c o m p e lle d t o

y i e l d i n b a t t l e , t h i s d eu ic in g g i r l h a s b e n t t o h e r w i l l .

S ta n d f i r m , I im p lo r e t h e e . Remember t h y d i g n i t y , be

m in d fu l a l s o o f C h r i s t ; th o u m u st rem em ber t h y l i n e a g e and

t h y g l o r y , and who i s t h y God, and t h y K in g , and who i s t h y

M a s te r . Ye h a v e come from a lo n g l i n e o f a n c e s t o r s , from

th e n o b le r a c e o f Jud a u n to th e m o th e r o f God, from whom

God H im s e lf becam e man. May D a v id b y h i s ren o w n , s c h o o le d

i n th e u n r e m it t in g c a r e s o f w a r , s t i r t h y n o b le s p i r i t s ,

and S a m u el, t o o , who fo r b a d e them t o l a y h a n d s on th e

p lu n d e r from r i c h e n e m ie s and p e r m it t e d n o t th e

u n c ir c u m c is e d k i n g , o n c e c o n q u e r e d , t o rem a in a l i v e l e s t

th e s p o i l s s t i l l r e m a in in g p ro v o k e t h e now p e a c e - l i v i n g

v i c t o r t o ren ew t h e f r a y . He deem ed i t c r im in a l th e n t o

sp a r e t h e c a p tu r e d r u l e r , w h e r e a s y e , on t h e c o n t r a r y , w i l l

t o be v a n q u is h e d and t o y i e l d .

May y e , on t h e o t h e r h a n d , r e p e n t , i f a n y r e v e r e n c e

f o r t h e m o st h ig h God m oves t h e e , t h a t i n b a s e b e t r a y a l ye

d e s i r e t o f o l l o w t h i s s o e n t i c i n g e v i l . A s i n t h a t i s

r e p e n te d i s n o t f a t a l . J o n a th a n r e p e n te d t h a t he had

b ro k en th e s t r i c t f a s t b y e a t i n g t h e s w e e t h on eycom b,

h a v in g t a s t e d s i n f u l l y t h e s w e e t n e s s o f h i s h o n e y e d s t a f f ,

when th e s e d u c t iv e j o y o f p o s s e s s i o n d e l i g h t e d t h e y o u th

and r e la x e d t h e s a c r e d o a t h s . Y et b e c a u se h e d id r e p e n t

n e i t h e r w as h i s l o t d e p lo r a b le n o r d id s t r i c t judgm ent

d e f i l e a f a t h e r ’ s a x e s . I j O , I , S o b r i e t y , i f y e a r e r e a d y

t o j o i n f o r c e s , op en t h e p a th f o r a l l v i r t u e s w h ereb y

s e d u c t i v e L u x u ry , a t t e n d e d b y many a co m ra d e , m ay s u f f e r

p u n is h m e n t , sh e w i t h h e r c o h o r t s , u n d e r t h e judgm ent o f

C h r i s t ."

H avin g t h u s sp o k e n , s ta n d in g i n t h e i r p a t h , sh e h e ld

o u t th e c r o s s o f C h r i s t b e f o r e th e fo a m in g s t e e d s , s t r e t c h

in g o u t t h e v e n e r a b le wood o v e r t h e v e r y b r i d l e s . T h is ,

w it h i t s o u t s p r e a d arm s and g l i t t e r i n g to p m o s t beam , th e

s p i r i t e d h o r s e s g r e a t l y f e a r e d a n d , r u s h in g i n b l i n d

t e r r o r , tu r n e d i n t h e i r p r e c i p i t o u s f l i g h t down o v e r th e

c l i f f . The c h a r i o t e e r , v a i n l y t i g h t e n i n g t h e r e i n s , i s

th row n o u t upon h e r b a c k , and h e r p erfu m ed h a i r b ecom es

g r im y w i t h d u s t . The r o l l i n g w h e e ls e n t a n g le i t s e j e c t e d

d r iv e r ; l y i n g p ro n e u n d er th e a x l e , sh e s lo w s down th e

c h a r io t w i t h h e r m a n g led fr a m e . As sh e l i e s t h u s .

S o b r i e t y , h u r l in g a l a r g e s t o n e from a c l i f f , g i v e s h e r th e

d e a th b lo w . As c h a n c e had f u r n is h e d t h i s w eapon t o t h e

s ta n d a r d b e a r e r armed w i t h no w eapon sa v e b u t h e r em blem o f

w a r , c h a n c e a l s o s e n t t h e s t o n e s h a t t e r i n g t h e o r f i c e o f

th e m o u th , c r u s h in g th e l i p s i n t o th e a r c h e d p a l a t e ; th e

t e e t h a r e lo o s e n e d w i t h i n , t h e m a n g led to n g u e f i l l s t h e

l a c e r a t e d t h r o a t w i t h g o u t s o f b lo o d . At t h i s s t r a n g e

m e a l t h e t h r o a t r e v o l t s , a s g u lp in g down th e m e lt e d b o n e s ,

i t b e l c h e s f o r t h t h e m o r s e l s o n c e sw a llo w e d .

" D rin k now t h i n e own b lo o d , a f t e r t h y m any c u p s ,"

t h e m a id en t a u n t e d . " S u p p la n t in g th e t o o su m p tu ou s f e a s t

o f t im e s now p a s t , now l e t t h e s e be t h y i l l - s e a s o n e d

c o u r s e s . May t h i s t a s t e o f b i t t e r d e a th and t h e s a v o u r in g

o f t h i s f i n a l d ra u g h t a g g r a v a te t h e w an ton a l lu r e m e n t s o f

t h y fo rm e r l i f e ."

S c a t t e r e d a t t h e d e a th o f t h e i r l e a d e r , th e s e l f -

in d u lg e n t band f l e e s i n c o n f u s io n and i n f e a r . J e s t and

s a u c i n e s s a r e th e f i r s t t o c a s t a s i d e t h e i r c y m b a ls ; f o r

w it h su c h w eap on s t h e y p la y e d a t w a r , t h in k in g t o wound

w it h t h e r e s o u n d in g r a t t l e . L o v e , h i m s e l f p a l l i d w i t h

f r i g h t , t u r n in g , f l e d , ab an d on ed h i s p o is o n e d d a r t s , and

t h e bow w h ic h s l i p p e d from h i s s h o u ld e r s and t h e f a l l i n g

q u iv e r . Pomp, t h a t v a u n te r o f m e a n in g le s s s p le n d o r , i s

u t t e r l y d i v e s t e d o f h e r f l o w in g r o b e o f s h a l lo w p r e t e n s e ;

t h e g a r la n d s o f B e a u ty , r ip p e d a s u n d e r , l i e s c a t t e r e d ; t h e

g o ld e n o rn a m en ts o f th e n e c k and h e a d a r e l o o s e d , and

d is s o n a n t D is c o r d th r o w s t h e gem s i n t o d i s o r d e r - I t d o e s

n o t i r k P le a s u r e t o go w i t h w orn f e e t th r o u g h t h e b r i s t l i n g

b r a m b le s s i n c e a g r e a t e r f o r c e d r i v e s h e r on t o s u f f e r

b i t t e r f l i g h t ; t h e f e a r o f p e r i l s t r e n g t h e n s h e r t e n d e r

f e e t f o r th e t o r t u o u s w ay- T em p tin g t h i n g s f a l l w h e r e v e r

t h e f l e e i n g co lu m n b e t a k e s i t s e l f i n c o n fu s e d r e t r e a t :

h a i r p i n s , r ib b o n s , f i l l e t s , a b r o o c h , a s m a ll b r i d a l v e i l ,

a c h a p l e t , a d ia d em , o r n e c k l a c e . From t h e s e s p o i l s .

S o b r i e t y and a l l h e r s o l d i e r y r e s t r a i n t h e m s e lv e s ,

t r a m p lin g w i t h c h a s t e f o o t t h e s e e n t i c i n g l u r e s ; n o r do

t h o s e i n t h e v a n , c l o s i n g t h e i r s t e r n e y e s , tu r n a s id e t o

th e d e l i g h t o f t h e b o o t y .

* T is s a i d t h a t A v a r ic e , g i r t i n c a p a c io u s f o l d s ,

s n a tc h e d up w i t h g r a s p in g hemd w h a te v e r p r e c io u s t r i n k e t s

g l u t t o n o u s L u xury had l e f t b e h in d , g a p in g w i t h m outh o p e n e d

w id e a f t e r p l a y t h i n g s , and s c o o p in g up t h e fr a g m e n ts o f

e l u s i v e g o ld a m id s t th e h e a p s o f sa n d . N o t c o n t e n t w it h

f i l l i n g h e r r o b e ’ s am ple f o l d s , sh e g l e e f u l l y cram s w i t h

b a s e p lu n d e r h e r m o n ey b a g s , d i s t e n d i n g t h e p u rse h e a v y

w it h s t o l e n g o o d s . T h is sh e h i d e s w i t h h e r c o n c e a l in g

hand and v e i l s u n d er t h e c o v e r in g o f h e r l e f t s i d e ; h e r

r i g h t hand s n a t c h e s t h e l o o t , and sh e b u s i e s h e r b r a z e n

c la w s w i t h s p o i l s .

C a r e , H u n g er , F e a r , A n x ie t y , P e r j u r y , P a l l o r ,

C o r r u p t io n , T r ic k e r y , F a ls e h o o d , S l e e p l e s s n e s s , S o r d id n e s s

w it h v a r io u s F u r ie s f o l l o w on i n th e m o n s te r ’ s t r a i n .

N o n e t h e l e s s , m e a n tim e , n u r tu r e d b y th e b la c k m i lk o f t h e i r

m o th e r A v a r ic e , t h e s e r i o t i n g v i c e s , l i k e u n to r a v e n in g

w o lv e s , ra n g e th r o u g h a l l t h e p l a i n . S h o u ld a b lo o d

b r o t h e r s e e h i s b r o t h e r ’ s h e lm e t s h in e w i t h ta w n e y j e w e l s ,

he f e a r s n o t t o draw h i s sw ord and s t r i k e o f f t h e h e a d o f

h i s c o m r a d e - in -a r m s w i t h i n t e n t t o rem ove from h i s k i n s

m an ’s h e lm e t th e p r e c i o u s g em s. I f p e r c h a n c e a so n n o te

h i s f a t h e r ’ s b od y f a l l e n b y t h e l o t o f w a r , h e j o y f u l l y

s n a t c h e s h i s f e l t s tu d d e d w it h s t o n e s and h i s arm ou r,

th o u g h s t a i n e d w i t h b lo o d . C i v i l s t r i f e m ak es e v e n k in d r e d ,

p r e y ; o v e r -w e e n in g g r e e d f o r p o s s e s s i o n s p a r e s n o t i t s own,

and g lu t t o n o u s d e s i r e d e s t r o y s i t s own o f f - s p r i n g . Such

w a s th e d e s t r u c t i o n t h a t A v a r ic e , t h e w o r ld ’ s t y r a n t , w as

e f f e c t i n g among n a t i o n s , l a y i n g lo w men b y t h e th o u s a n d s

w it h d e v io u s w ou n d s. T h is o n e , w i t h s i g h t t o r n aw ay and

e y e s g o u g e d o u t , sh e a l lo w s t o w an der b l in d i n t h e d a r k n e s s

o f n ig h t and t o go th r o u g h m any p i t f a l l s , a v o id in g n o t t h e

lu r k in g d a n g e r s w i t h a s t a f f . A n o th e r , sh e n e x t r u i n s b y

h i s s e n s e o f s i g h t , t r i c k i n g h im a s he g a z e s a v i d l y on h e r

t e m p t in g a l lu r e m e n t s . H e, u n a w a re , w h i le r e a c h in g o u t i s

c a u g h t b y h e r w eapon a n d , w ou n d ed , b r e a t h e s f o r t h t h e sw ord

d r iv e n d e e p i n h i s h e a r t .

C a s t in g down m any, sh e h u r l s th em i n t o u n c o v e r e d

f i r e s , n o r d o e s t h e g r e e d y e m b e z z le r , d e s t i n e d t o b u m i n

l i k e m an n er , s u f f e r them t o a v o id t h e f la m e s in w h ic h t h e

g o ld sh e s e e k s i s p u r i f i e d . She a s s a u l t s t h e w h o le r a c e

o f m en , sh e l a y s h o ld on a l l t h i n g s m o r ta l and h u r r i e s them

on t o d e s t r u c t i o n . T here i s no v i c e i n a l l th e w o r ld m ore

t e r r i b l e , w h ic h e n f o l d s i n su c h d i s a s t e r s th e w h o le human

r a c e and condem ns them t o G eh en na. I n d e e d , sh e e v e n d a r e s

t o a s s a i l w i t h h e r own h a n d , d a r e we b e l i e v e i t , t h e

p r i e s t s o f th e L o r d , w ho, b y c h a n c e , w ere w a g in g w ar i n t h e

f r o n t r a n k s f o r V i r t u e ’ s g l o r y and w ere s w e l l i n g t h e w a r -

tr u m p e ts w i t h a g r e a t b l a s t . F a te m ig h t h a v e dyed h e r

sw ord i n in n o c e n t b lo o d i f R e a so n , p o w e r fu l in a rm s, t h a t

one and e v e r - f a i t h f u l com p an ion o f L e v i ’ s r a c e , had n o t

r a i s e d h e r s h i e l d , p r o t e c t i n g h e r fam ed f o s t e r c h i ld r e n

from th e dark en em y’ s o n s la u g h t . S a f e l y t h e y s ta n d b y

R e a so n ’ s a i d , t h e y s ta n d u n in ju r e d from e v e r y a t t a c k , and

b r a v e o f h e a r t .

The s p e a r o f A v a r ic e , b a r e ly g r a z in g a few on t h e

s k i n ’ s s u r f a c e , i n f l i c t s a s l i g h t w ound. S h a m e le ss E v i l

t h a t sh e i s , w a t c h in g , sh e i s am azed t h a t h e r w eap on s a r e

t h r u s t f a r b a c k from th e c h a s t e t h r o a t s o f th e h e r o e s .

She g r o a n s a n d , r a g in g , h u r s t s f o r t h I n p a s s i o n a t e w o r d s:

" A la s , we a r e c o n q u e r e d , s lu g g a r d s t h a t we a r e , n o r d o e s

o u r s t r e n g t h p u t f o r t h i t s u s u a l f o r c e s ; o u r o n c e sa v a g e

pow er t o harm h a s now grow n f e e b l e , t h a t p ow er w h ic h w as

w on t t o c r u s h , w i t h i t s u n c o n q u e r a b le m ig h t , t h e h e a r t s o f

men e v e r y w h e r e ; f o r t h e n a tu r e o f m€in h a s n e v e r b e e n so

s t e e l e d a s t o sp u rn o u r m oney o r t o be im p e r v io u s t o o u r

g o l d . We h a v e p u sh ed t o d e s t r u c t io n a l l m anner o f m en;

t h e g e n t l e , t h e r o u g h and t h e h a r s h , t h e le a r n e d a s w e l l

a s t h e u n le a r n e d , t h e d u l l and t h e w i s e , t h e c h a s t e and

th e u n c h a s te — a l l s o u l s have l a i n s u b j e c t t o o u r p ow er .

We a lo n e h a v e s n a tc h e d up w h at t h e S t y g ia n w a t e r s now h id e

i n t h e i r c o v e t o u s p o o l s . To u s m o st o p u le n t T a r ta r u s i s

b e h o ld e n f o r th e p e o p le i t h o u s e s . What t h e a g e s b r in g

t o g e t h e r , w h a t t h e u n iv e r s e p i l e s up i n c o n f u s io n — a l l

t h e s e mad s t r i v i n g s a r e t h e w ork s o f o u r h a n d s . How com es

i t , t h e n , t h a t o u r p ow er and g l o r y i s l o s i n g i t s p r e v a i l i n g

f o r c e , and t h a t f o r t u n e m ocks o u r f r u i t l e s s e f f o r t s ? To

th e C h r i s t i a n s t h e g o ld e n im age o f t h e g l i t t e r i n g c o in i s

d e s p ic a b le : v e s s e l s i n l a i d w i t h s i l v e r a r e h e ld w o r t h l e s s ,

and i n t h e i r e y e s e a c h t r e a s u r e c h e a p e n s and b ecom es o f

i l l r e p u t e . What m ean s t h i s l o a t h i n g , n e w ly a c q u ir e d ?

D id we n o t tr iu m p h o v e r t h e I s c a r i o t , t h a t a p o s t l e and

com p an ion o f t h e L o r d , who a s h e b e t r a y e d H im , b y no m eans

u n a w a re , a t t h e c o v e n a n t o f t h e L a s t S u p p e r , d ip p e d h i s

hand i n t h e d i s h a n d , consum ed b y h i s own b a s e d e s i r e , f e l l

v i c t i m t o o u r sn a r e ? H a v in g p u r c h a s e d w i t h t h e b lo o d o f

h i s D iv in e F r ie n d t h e in fa m o u s f i e l d , w as h e n o t l a t e r

d e s t i n e d t o p a y f o r h i s a c r e s w i t h t h r o t t l e d n e c k ? I n h e r

own d e s t r u c t i o n J e r ic h o had r e a l i z e d how p o w e r fu l w as o u r

h an d w hen t h e v i c t o r i o u s A chan succum bed t o o u r r u l e . H e,

fam ed f o r t h e s la u g h t e r and d i s t i n g u i s h e d f o r th e d e

s t r u c t i o n o f a c i t y ’ s w a l l s , y i e l d e d t o t h e t e m p t a t io n o f

g o ld ta k e n from a c o n q u e r e d f o e , and w h i l e g a t h e r in g t o

h i m s e l f t h e a c c u r s e d s p o i l s from t h e fo r b id d e n a s h e s , w i t h

i n s a t i a t e g r e e d to o k t h e f a t e f u l p lu n d e r o f t h e r u in e d

c i t y . N e i t h e r d id h i s n o b le l i n e a g e , n o r J u d a h , f a t h e r o f

h i s a n c e s t r a l t r i b e , t h a t p a t r i a r c h e n n o b le d b y h i s k i n s

m an, C h r i s t , and b l e s s e d in h i s r o y a l d e s c e n d a n t , a t a l l

a v a i l . May t h o s e who ta k e d e l i g h t i n h i s mode o f a c t i o n

a l s o e n j o y h i s form o f r e t r i b u t i o n . L e t t h e r e be t h e same

p e n a l t y f o r a l l men o f h i s i l k . Why do w e , u n e q u a l ly

m a tch ed f o r t h e w a r , h e s i t a t e t o b e g u i l e b y some d e c e p t io n

e i t h e r t h e d e s c e n d a n t s o f Ju d ah o r th e d e s c e n d a n t s o f h i s

p r i e s t l y s u c c e s s o r — f o r A aron i s r e p u t e d l y t h e i r h ig h

p r i e s t ? W h eth er b y f o r c e o r b y f r a u d , i t m a t t e r s n o t how

v i c t o r y i s won.’ "

She h ad sp o k e n , a n d , d i v e s t i n g h e r s e l f o f h e r g r im

v i s a g e and d r e a d f u l w eap on s o f w a r , sh e a ssu m e s an

h o n o r a b le g u i s e ; i n fo r m , in f a c e , and i n a u s t e r e v e s tm e n t s

sh e b eco m es t h e v i r t u e t h a t men c a l l F r u g a l i t y , w h ose

d e s i r e i t i s t o l i v e s p a r i n g ly and t o s a fe g u a r d h e r own,

t h a t sh e m ay , a s i t w e r e , s e i z e n o t h in g g r e e d i l y . Z e a lo u s

a s sh e i s , sh e h a s won p r a i s e f o r h e r s k i l l in d e c e p t io n .

To su c h a g u i s e t h i s l y i n g B e I lo n a a d a p ts h e r s e l f t h a t sh e

may be deem ed t h r i f t y v i r t u e , n o t t h e g r e e d y v i c e t h a t sh e

i s , and u n d e r t h e s o f t p r e t e n c e o f p i e t y sh e c o n c e a l s h e r

sn a k y t r e s s e s so t h a t t h e f a i r , w h ite r o b e o f in n o c e n c e

may v e i l t h e f r e n z y lu r k in g u n d e r n e a th , c lo a k in g h e r

d r e a d f u l o b s e s s i o n , n a m e ly t o r o b , t o s t e a l , and t o s t o r e

aw ay g r e e d i l y w h at h a s b e e n a c q u ir e d . She d i s p l a y s h e r

c o n c e r n f o r h e r c h i ld r e n u n d e r t h e s w e e t name o f v i r t u e .

P la y in g a t su c h p r e t e n c e , sh e d e c e i v e s men o v e r - c r e d u lo u s

i n h e a r t , and t h e y f o l l o w t h e d e a d ly m o n s te r , b e l i e v i n g

h e r a p a r a g o n o f v i r t u e . The im p io u s F u r y t a k e s them a s

e a s y v i c t i m s and b in d s them c l o s e w i t h g r ip p in g m a n a c le s .

I t s l e a d e r s b e w ild e r e d and i t s r a n k s c o n f u s e d , t h e f r o n t

l i n e o f v i r t u e now w as w a v e r in g th r o u g h t h e g u i l e o f th e

t w o - f a c e d m o n s t r o s i t y , k n ow in g n o t w h at t o deem f r i e n d l y

and w h at t o m ark a s h o s t i l e . The e v e r - c h a n g in g and d o u b le -

d e a l in g E v i l , u n d er t h i s d e c e p t iv e im age c lo u d e d t h e i r dim

v i s i o n .

S u d d e n ly , o n to t h e f i e l d l e a p s f o r t h Good W orks,

r a g in g in a n g e r , w i t h a id f o r h e r a l l i e s and e n t e r s t h e

f r a y e a g e r l y . Though l a s t i n th e reinks o f s o l d i e r y , y e t

sh e a lo n e i s d e s t i n e d t o l e n d h e r hand t o t h e c o n t e s t l e s t

some d i s a s t e r come t o p a s s . A f t e r u n b u rd en in g h e r

s h o u ld e r s , sh e w a lk s , d i v e s t e d o f h e r r o b e s , h a v in g

l i g h t e n e d h e r s e l f o f m any a c a r e . Once r e s t r a i n e d b y

r i c h e s and o p p r e s s iv e w e a l t h , now f r e e th r o u g h t a k in g p i t y

on th e p o o r whom sh e had c a r e d f o r w i t h l i b e r a l g e n e r o s i t y ,

sh e p o u red f o r t h h e r p a tr im o n y w i t h e x c e s s i v e p r o d i g a l i t y .

E n r ic h e d b y f a i t h , sh e g a z e d upon h e r em p ty c o f f e r s ,

r e c k o n in g th e t o t a l w i t h t h e i n t e r e s t d e s t i n e d t o a c c r u e

i n e t e r n i t y . A v a r ic e sh u d d e r e d a t th e t h u n d e r b o l t o f t h e

u n co n q u er ed v i r t u e ; b e r e f t o f c o u r a g e , w i t h s e n s e s

benum bed, sh e s t a y e d h e r s t e p s , r e s o l v e d t o d i e . F or w h at

w ay o f d e c e p t io n r e m a in s t o o n e , who o n c e c o n te m n in g th e

w o r ld , now overcom e b y w o r ld ly a l lu r e m e n t s , sh o u ld grow

weedc and a g a in becom e e n t a n g le d w i t h th e g o ld sh e o n c e

d e s p is e d ? V i r t u e , m o st r e d o u b t a b le , a s s a i l s h e r t r e m b l in g

f o e w i t h a f i l m a r m -g r ip and s q u e e z in g h e r n e c k , s t r a n g l e s

I and c r u s h e s t h e t h r o a t d r y , d r a in e d o f i t s b l o o d . The

I t i g h t c l a s p o f th e arm s u n d e r t h e c h in t w i s t s l i f e from

t h e im p r is o n e d ja w s , w h ic h , s u f f e r i n g no m o r ta l b lo w , y e t

th r o b , and w i t h th e b r e a th s t i f f l e d w i t h i n , Araxloe s u f f e r s

d e a t h , c o n f in e d w i t h i n th e p r i s o n o f h e r b o d y .

Good W orks s t a n d in g o v e r t h e s t r u g g l i n g v i c e , d i g s

h e r w i t h k n ee and f o o t , a n d , p a n t in g , b r e a k s h e r r i b s and

f l a n k . From th e l i f e l e s s b o d y sh e th e n s n a t c h e s t h e

s p o i l s , f i l t h y p i e c e s o f u n w rou gh t g o l d , n o t y e t r e f i n e d i n

t h e f u r n a c e , m on eyb ags e a t e n b y m any a worm, and c o i n s ,

g r e e n and c o a t e d w i t h r u s t ; t h i s h o a r d o f y e a r s p a s t , t h e

V ir tu e tr iu m p h a n t d i s p e n s e s , g i v i n g t o t h e n e e d y , a s s i s t i n g

th e p o o r w i t h t h e c a p tu r e d w e a l t h . Then v / ith an e x u l t i n g

l o o k , sh e e y e s t h e crow d g a t h e r e d r o u n d , and i n t h e m id s t

o f th o u s a n d s e a g e r l y e x c la im s : "P ut away t h y r e a d in e s s f o r

b a t t l e , y e j u s t , l a y down t h y w e a p o n s; t h e c a u s e o f su ch

g r e a t e v i l l i e s d e a d . W ith A v a r ic e d e s t r o y e d , t h e

r ig h t e o u s may r e s t . The g r e a t e s t p e a c e i s t o d e s i r e

n o t h in g m ore t h a t r i g h t u s a g e dem ands: t h a t t h e r e be p l a i n

fo o d and t h a t a s i n g l e garm en t may c o v e r and m o d e s t ly

p r o t e c t o u r w eak l im b s and n o t t r a i l b eyon d th e n a t u r a l

l i m i t . When a b o u t t o s e t f o r t h on a jo u r n e y n e i t h e r ta k e

a w a l l e t n o r p r o v id e t h y s e l f w i t h tw o t u n i c s f o r t h e w a y ,

n o r l e t to m o rro w ’ s n e e d c o n c e r n t h e e , l e s t t h y b o d y l a c k

f o r f o o d . Food f o r e a c h d a y com es w i t h t h e su n . D o s t th o u

n o t s e e how no o n e o f th e b i r d s t a k e s th o u g h t f o r tom orrow ,

b u t , u n t r o u b le d , t r u s t s i t w i l l be f e d b e c a u s e o f t h e a l l -

p r o v id e n t God? The b i r d , o f l i t t l e v a l u e , f e e l s s u r e t h a t

f o o d w i l l n o t be w a n t in g ; and t h e s p a r r o w s , s o l d f o r a

s m a l l f a r t h i n g , h a v e u n d o u b ted t r u s t t h a t t h e A lm ig h ty God

w a tc h e s o v e r them l e s t t h e y p e r i s h . T h ou , c h i l d o f God,

th o u th e im age o f C h r i s t , how c a n s t th o u be i n c l i n e d t o

d ou b t t h a t t h y C r e a to r may e v e r f o r s a k e t h e e ? Be n o t

t r o u b le d , 0 m anî God i s t h e g i v e r o f l i f e and t h e g i v e r o f

f o o d . S eek i n h e a v e n ly t e a c h in g th e s p i r i t u a l f o o d , w h ic h

w it h e v e r y i n c r e a s e n o u r i s h e s t h e hop e o f an im m o rta l l i f e

n o t c o n c e r n e d w i t h t h e b od y; f o r God Who c r e a t e d i t i s

m in d fu l t o s u p p ly and p r o v id e i t w i t h fo o d f o r i t s te m p o r a l

n e e d s ."

W ith t h e s e w o rd s t h e C a r e s w ere d is b a n d e d : F e a r ,

T o i l , V io le n c e and C r im e , t o g e t h e r w i t h F ra u d , t h e d e n ie r

o f a c c e p t a b le F a i t h , d r iv e n b a ck t o f l e e i n t o e x i l e . W ith

th e f l i g h t o f e n e m ie s , f o s t e r i n g P e a c e b a n i s h e s w a r ,

p u t t i n g a s i d e e v e r y a p p r e h e n s io n o f b a t t l e ; h e r g i r d l e

u n lo o s e d , sh e f r e e s h e r l im b s . H er g r a c e f u l g a r m e n t,

d e s c e n d in g , f l o w s down t o h e r f e e t w h i l e h e r u s u a l ca lm

now c h e c k s h e r t o o r a p id s t e p . The c u r v e d h o r n s o f t h e

t r u m p te r s l i e s i l e n t ; th e sw ord now a t r e s t f i l l s t h e

s h e a t h ; t h e d ay b r i g h t and c l e a r r e t u r n s a s t h e d u s t o f

t h e f i e l d s e t t l e s dow n. One m ay s e e t h e r o s y l i g h t o f t h e

h e a v e n s on t h a t c l e a r , c l o u d l e s s d a y , s h in in g th r o u g h .

Above t h e i r u n s p o t t e d r a n k s t h e y f e l t th e f a c e o f th e L o rd ,

and th e j u b i l a n t th r o n g la u g h e d now t h a t t h e c o n t e s t w as

o ’ e r . C h r i s t from H is th r o n e ab ove r e j o i c e d i n H is

v i c t o r s , o p e n in g H is F a t h e r ’ s h e a v e n ly home t o h i s s e r v a n t s .

C on cord h a p p i l y s i g n a l s t h e v i c t o r i o u s l e g i o n s t o

r e t u r n t o t h e i r cam ps and t o g a t h e r in t h e i r t e n t s . N ev er

w a s t h e r e f o r an y s o l d i e r y a tr iu m p h o r m i l i t a r y g l o r y

e q u a l t o t h i s , a s i n l o n g , o r d e r l y co lu m n s sh e l e a d s h e r

r o u b le - r a n k e d t r o o p s : w i t h th r o n g s o f h e r f o o t s o l d i e r s

s i n g i n g p s a lm s , w h i le i n a n o th e r d i r e c t i o n th e hym ns o f t h e

c a v a l r y r e s o u n d . So c h a n te d t h e v i c t o r i o u s M o ses a s he

lo o k e d b ack a t t h e y aw n in g t i d e o f t h e s e a t h a t r o s e

t h r e a t e n i n g b e h in d h im . When a d v a n c in g d r y s h o d , h e p a s s e d

o v e r t o t h e f a r t h e r b a n k s , t h e to w e r in g w a t e r s c r a s h e d

r e s o u n d in g ly a t h i s h e e l s , eind e n g u l f e d t h e d a r k -s k in n e d

d w e l l e r s on t h e N i l e d eep i n t h e a b y s s o f h e r e d d y in g

w h ir l p o o l . W ith r e f l u e n t w ave t h e s u r g in g w a t e r s c o v e r e d

th e b a r e sa n d s and so o n r e v i v e d i n t h e f i s h t h e pow er o f

sw im m ing. The c h i ld r e n o f God s t r u c k w i t h r e s o u d in g b e a t

t h e m e lo d io u s ta m b o u r s , e x t o l l i n g t h e m a r v e l lo u s w ork o f

t h e L o r d , fam ed th r o u g h th e a g e s : how t h e w a v e s d iv id e d

and s to r m s s u b s id i n g , a c h a n n e l b e tw e en t h e c l e a r w a t e r s

had b e e n form ed t o a p p e a r w h i le t h e w a t e r y m a s s e s w ere h e ld

i n a b e y a n c e . W ith t h e t r i b e o f th e v i c e s t h u s su b d u e d , th e

m y s t ic s o n g s o f th e V i r t u e s r e - e c h o e d i n j u b i l a n t p s a lm s .

T h ey had m arched up t o t h e e n tr a n c e o f th e cam p,

w h ere a s w in g in g d o u b le -d o o r e d g a t e form ed t h e n a rro w

p a s s a g e o f t h e t h r e s h o l d . H ere w i t h d e p lo r a b le c u n n in g an

u n e x p e c te d sto rm o f e v i l a r i s e s : a h a t e f u l in v a d e r o f

g e n t l e P e a c e w ho w as t o m ar w i t h su d d en m is f o r t u n e so g r e a t

a tr iu m p h . W h ile C o n co r d , p e r c h a n c e , a m id s t h e r c l o s e -

p r e s s e d com pany, w e l l a t t e n d e d , now t a k e s h e r w ay t o th e

s a f e w a l l s , sh e r e c e i v e s on h e r l e f t s i d e a h id d e n b lo w

from t h e t h r u s t o f an u n se e n V i c e . H ow ever, h e r ro u gh

m a n t le , b e n e a th i t s c h a in e d c o v e r in g o f i r o n , e n c i r c l e d

h e r b o d y r e p e l l e d w i t h i t s h o o k ed c o a t o f m a i l th e p r ic k

o f th e b lo w , n o r d id t h e t e n a c i o u s f i b e r s w i t h t h e i r

u n y ie ld in g k n o t s a l lo w t h e im p a c t o f t h e w eapon t o p i e r c e

t h e f l e s h b e n e a th . Y et an o p e n seam p e r m it t e d t h e s t e e l

t o i n f l i c t a s l i g h t wound j u s t w h ere t h e l a s t m e ta l s c a l e

a t t a c h e s i t s e l f t o t h e p o l i s h e d t u n ic and l i n k s t o i t s e l f

t h e seam s o f th e w a i s t .

A c u n n in g w a r r io r m a id en o f t h e c o n q u e r e d f o e had

i n f l i c t e d t h i s w ou nd , l y i n g i n w a i t f o r th e unw ary v i c t o r s ;

f o r D is c o r d , o n c e t h e r a n k s o f th e V ic e s w ere s c a t t e r e d ,

assu m ed a f r i e n d l y g u i s e and e n t e r e d o u r r a n k s . T h ere l a y

f a r b e h in d i n th e m id s t o f t h e c a r n a g e o f b a t t l e h e r

t a t t e r e d garm en t and h e r w h ip , p i l e d up l i k e a m a n y - c o i le d

s e r p e n t . She h e r s e l f j o y f u l l y i s p r e s e n t w i t h th e f e s t i v e

c h o r u s , d i s p l a y i n g h e r h a i r w r e a th e d w i t h th e l e a f y o l i v e .

B ut u n d er h e r garm en t sh e h id e s a d a g g e r , s e e k in g b y w ic k e d

d e c e i t , t h e e , 0 g r e a t e s t V i r t u e , t h e e a lo n e from o u t t h e

v a s t t h r o n g . Y et sh e i s n o t d e s t i n e d t o wound m o r t a l l y t h y

s a c r e d b o d y , a s th e o u t e r s k i n , g r a z e d m e r e ly on th e

s u r f a c e , r e v e a le d t h e s l i g h t c u t b y b lo o d .

V i r t u e , a r o u s e d , s u d d e n ly e x c la im s : "What i s t h i s ?

What enem y hand l i e s h id d e n h e r e ? Who a s s a i l s o u r v i c t o r y ,

b r a n d is h in g t h e sw ord i n th e m id s t o f su c h r e j o i c i n g ? Of

w hat u se i s i t t o h ave su b d u ed i n b a t t l e th e u n r e s t r a in e d

p a s s i o n s and t o h ave r e s c u e d a l l t h e go o d from d e s t r o y in g

v i c e s i f i n t im e o f P e a c e v i r t u e s h o u ld f a l l ? "

The arm y, a la im e d , tu r n e d so r r o w in g e y e s upon h e r ;

b lo o d , mark o f th e w ou n d , s e e p e d th r o u g h t h e c o a t o f m a i l .

F e a r so o n b e tr a y e d t h e enem y s t a n d in g c l o s e b y ; c o n s c io u s

o f h e r d a r in g d e e d , h e r p a l l o r r e v e a l s p r o o f o f h e r g u i l t ,

a s h e r w eak hand and p a l i n g f a c e tr e m b le a t b e in g d e t e c t e d .

The e n t i r e l e g i o n o f V ir t u e s su rro u n d h e r w i t h t h e i r

q u i c k ly drawn s w o r d s , and w i t h r i s i n g a la rm q u e s t io n h e r

r a c e and nam e, h e r c o u n tr y and s e c t , w h at god sh e w o r s h ip s ,

and a t w h o se command sh e h a s com e. A shen i n c o l o r and

t r e m b lin g w it h f e a r , sh e r e p l i e s , "I am c a l l e d D is c o r d ;

H e r e s y my su rn am e; my god i s l e g i o n : now l e s s e r , now

g r e a t e r , now c o m p le x , now s im p le , j u s t a s i t p l e a s e s me:

an a p p a r i t i o n , a p h an tom , o r th e s p i r i t w i t h i n : a s o f t e n

a s I w is h t o p l a y th e d i v i n i t y , B e l i a l i s my p r e c e p t o r ; my

home and my k in g d o m , t h e w o r ld ."

F a i t h , t h e q u een o f t h e v i r t u e s , t o l e r a t e d no lo n g e r

t h e b la s p h e m ie s o f t h i s c a p tu r e d m o n s te r , b u t s i l e n c e d h e r

w o r d s , s t o p p in g h e r b r e a th w i t h h e r j a v e l i n , p i e r c i n g w i t h

i t s r i g i d p o in t th e v i l e t o n g u e . The w i l d f u r y i s r e n t b y

in n u m e r a b le h a n d s , e a c h t e a r i n g h e r b o d y t o s c a t t e r t o th e

w in d , o r t o th r o w t o t h e d o g s o r t o o f f e r t o t h e r a v e n o u s

r a v e n s o r t o t o s s i n t o t h e g u t t e r , f i l t h y w i t h i t s f o u l

m ud, o r t o f e e d t o t h e s e a m o n s t e r s . H er e n t i r e c o r p s e i s

t o m a s s u n d e r b y t h e s e h o r r ib l e c r e a t u r e s , and w i t h h e r

form d ism em b ered , f r i g h t f u l H e r e s y p e r i s h e s .

W ith th e s u c c e s s f u l r e e s t a b l i s h m e n t o f o r d e r and o f

c u sto m s d i r e c t e d to w a r d t h e g e n e r a l w e l f a r e o f a l l th e

r ig h t e o u s and w it h a l l t h e V i r t u e s , down t o t h e l a s t ,

e n c lo s e d w i t h i n t h e s a f e w a l l s o f t h e r a m p a r t , a t r i b u n a l

i s s e t up i n t h e m id s t o f th e camp on an e l e v a t e d s p o t ,

a h i l l w h ose p eak ed sum m it a f f o r d s a w a tc h to w e r w h en ce

th e e y e , unham pered b y o b s t a c l e s , b e h o ld s on t h e c l e a r

h o r iz o n a l l t h i n g s s t r e t c h i n g b e n e a th f a r and w id e . T h is

e m in e n c e , s i n c e r e F a i t h and a l s o . C o n co rd , avow ed s i s t e r s

b y a h o l y c o v e n a n t i n th e lo v e o f C h r i s t , a s c e n d . Soon

t h i s h o l y p a i r , d e a r e a c h t o th e o t h e r , s ta n d w i t h e q u a l

r i g h t s on t h e l o f t y t r i b u n a l . S t a t io n e d t h u s , from t h e t o p

o f th e m ound, c o n s p ic u o u s f o r a l l t o s e e , t h e y b id th e

p o p u la c e t o g a t h e r i n l a r g e n u m b ers . A l l e a g e r l y h a s t e n

from o u t o f t h e cam p. T here w a s no o n e , w h o, s l u g g i s h i n

m in d , c o u ld th r o u g h ig n o b le w e a k n e ss c o n c e a l h i m s e l f b y a n y

t w i s t o f th e b o d y , h i d i n g o u t o f s i g h t . A l l t e n t s , w i t h

c u r t a i n s drawn b a c k , s ta n d e x p o s e d w i t h t h e f l a p s f o ld e d

o p en l e s t an y d w e l l e r l a z i l y r e p o s e , s n o r in g , i n t h e d a rk

and s e c r e t p l a c e . The a s s e m b ly a w a i t s w i t h a t t e n t i v e e a r s

t o h e a r w h a t C o n co r d , i t s l e a d e r , m ay s a y t o th e v i c t o r s ,

now t h a t t h e b a t t l e i s o v e r , and w h a t ad d ed p r e c e p t F a i t h

m ay h ave f o r t h e V i r t u e s .

C on cord f i r s t b r e a k s i n t o s p e e c h w i t h su c h w o rd s a s

t h e s e : " H e ig h te n e d g l o r y h a s in d e e d to u c h e d t h e e , y e m o st

f a i t h f u l c h i ld r e n o f t h e F a th e r and o f C h r i s t t h e L o rd .

W ith m any a s t r u g g l e t h e r e h a s b e e n b l o t t e d o u t t h e c r u e l

b a r b a r i t y t h a t h ad h e d g e d arou n d th e d w e l l e r s i n th e h o l y

c i t y , a t t a c k i n g them w i t h f i r e and sw o rd . B ut p u b l i c

harm ony d e p e n d s upon m u tu a l g o o d w i l l i n c i t y and c o u n t r y .

I n t e r n a l s c h is m d i s t u r b s u n i t y and t h a t w h ic h i s a t

v a r ia n c e a t hom e, w a v e r s a b r o a d . T h e r e f o r e , b e w a r e , 0 m en ,

l e s t a d i s c o r d a n t n o t e b e fo u n d i n o u r b e l i e f s , l e s t any

f o r e i g n s e c t , k i n d le d b y s m o ld e r in g f i r e s o f h a t e , r i s e up

am ongst u s . F or a d iv id e d w i l l e x p o s e s o u r s a c r e d r i t e s

t o t w o - f o l d i n t e r p r e t a t i o n w i t h u n c e r t a in m egu iin gs. I n

t h a t we a r e w i s e , l e t l o v e u n i t e u s ; i n t h a t we l i v e , l e t

one d e s i r e d i r e c t u s . N o th in g t h a t d e s t r o y s u n i t y r e m a in s

s t e a d f a s t . As J e s u s m e d ia t e s b e tw e e n man and God, He Who

u n i t e s h u m a n ity t o D i v i n i t y so t h a t t h e on e God be b o th

f l e s h and s p i r i t , i n l i k e m anner m ay one s p i r i t w eave t o

g e t h e r i n a u n i f i e d w h o le w h a te v e r we do b y an a c t o f th e

m ind and o f t h e b o d y . P e a c e i s t h e f i n i s h e d w ork o f

V i r t u e , P e a c e i s th e sum m ation o f h e r l a b o r s . P e a c e i s

reco m p en se f o r w a r ’ s c o m p le t io n and f o r d a n g e r s p a s t

e n d u re d ; i n p e a c e th e s t a r s axe a t t h e i r h e i g h t ; in p e a c e

t h i n g s t e r r e s t i a l rem a in u n d is tu r b e d . W ith o u t p e a c e

n o t h in g i s p l e a s i n g t o God. When th o u d e s i r e s t t o l e a v e a

g i f t a t t h e a l t a r . He a p p r o v e s i t n o t i f t h y u n q u ie t s o u l

h a t e s t h y b r o t h e r from t h e d e p th s o f t h y r e s t l e s s h e a r t .

Now i f a s a m a r ty r f o r t h e l o v e o f C h r i s t , th o u s h o u ld s t

l e a p i n t o t h e f la m in g f i r e s , y e t h a r b o r in g some un

c h a r i t a b l e d e s i r e from j e a l o u s p r id e w i l l i t p r o f i t t h e e

t o h a v e g iv e n up t h y p r e c io u s l i f e f o r J e s u s , s i n c e p e a c e

i s t h e u l t i m a t e g o a l o f v i r t u e ? P e a c e i s n o t p u f f e d up

w it h p r i d e , d o th n o t j e a l o u s l y e n v y h e r b r o t h e r , s u f f e r e t h

i n p a t i e n c e a l l t h i n g s and b e l i e v e t h a l l . Though w r o n g e d ,

sh e d o th n o t murmur, sh e f o r g i v e s a l l i n j u r i e s . She

e a g e r l y s e e k s r e c o n c i l i a t i o n b e f o r e s u n s e t , a n x io u s l e s t

t h i s d a y ’ s su n l e a v e e n d u r in g w r a th b e h in d . W h osoever

w is h e s t o o f f e r a s a c r i f i c e a c c e p t a b le t o G od, l e t him

f i r s t o f f e r p e a c e . No s a c r i f i c e i s s w e e te r t o C h r i s t . H e,

t u r n in g H is f a c e t o t h e h o l y a l t a r , t a k e s d e l i g h t i n t h i s

g i f t a lo n e w i t h i t s p u re f r a g r a n c e . N e v e r t h e l e s s , God

H im s e lf endow s t h e snow y w h it e d o v e s w i t h pow er t o d i s

t i n g u i s h w i t h i n t u i t i v e s k i l l t h e f e a t h e r e d s e r p e n t i n i t s

s o f t c l o t h i n g o f down a s i t m in g le s w i t h t h e in n o c e n t

b i r d s ; l i k e w i s e t o d i s c e r n t h e w o l f w i t h h i s m outh s t a i n e d

w i t h b l o o d , l y i n g c o n c e a le d u n d er t h e s o f t f l e e c e , c o u n t e r

f e i t i n g a m i lk - w h i t e s h e e p , h i s ja w s s p r e a d in g u n t im e ly

d e a th among t h e la m b s . W ith su ch a r t i f i c e d id P h o t in u s and

A r r iu s , t h o s e w o lv e s f r i g h t f u l i n s a v a g e r y , c o n c e a l them

s e l v e s . Our p e r i l s and f r e s h s h e d d in g o f b lo o d , th o u g h

from a s u r f a c e wound o n l y , r e v e a l w h at a t r e a c h e r o u s hand

c an a c c o m p li sh • "

The w h o le s o v e r e ig n b o d y o f t h e v i r t u e s , d i s t r e s s e d

b y th e sa d m i s f o r t u n e , gave f o r t h a g r o a n . Then n o b le

F a i t h ad d ed t h e s e w o r d s; "L et g r o a n in g c e a s e , w i t h a f f a i r s

so f a v o r a b l e . C on cord h a s b e e n w ounded b u t F a i t h h a s

d e fe n d e d h e r . Y ea , r a t h e r C on cord h a s b e e n sa v e d a n d ,

a cco m p a n y in g h e r s i s t e r F a i t h , m akes l i g h t o f h e r w ou n d s.

She i s my s o l e s a l v a t i o n ; w i t h h e r r e s t o r e d , n a u g h t i s

m o u r n fu l f o r m e. One t a s k r e m a in s f o r o u r e a r n e s t e f f o r t .

now t h a t t h e w ar i s o v e r , 0 y e l e a d e r s o f m en; a w ork t h a t

a t l e n g t h S o lo m o n , th e p e a c e - b r in g in g h e i r o f a b e l l i g e r e n t

k in g d o m , u n d e r to o k , th e unarm ed s u c c e s s o r t o an arm ed

c o u r t , w h e r e a s t h e r i g h t hand o f h i s e x p i r i n g f a t h e r r e e k e d

w it h t h e warm b lo o d o f k i n g s . When th e b lo o d - s h e d i s o v e r ,

a te m p le i s b u i l t and an a l t a r w i t h g i l d e d w a l l s , t h e l o f t y

s a n c t u a r y o f C h r i s t , a r i s e s . At t h a t t im e J e r u s a le m , th e

a l l h o l y , fam ed f o r h e r t e m p le , r e c e i v e d h e r p e a c e - l o v i n g

God a f t e r t h e w a n d e r in g Ark came t o r e s t , made f a s t on t h e

a l t a r o f m a r b le . So l e t a s a c r e d te m p le eurise i n o u r cam p,

w h ose H o ly o f H o l i e s t h e A lm ig h ty may v i s i t a g a in . For

w h a t d o e s i t a v a i l t o h ave r e p u l s e d w i t h t h e sw ord t h e

e a r t h - b o r n r a n k s o f t h e v i c e s i f t h e Son o f M an, d e s c e n d in g

from h e a v e n s e e k in g a s h in in g t e m p le , e n t e r s t h e c i t y o f a

b o d y c le a n s e d y e t u n ad orn ed ? Thus f a r t h e t a s k h a s b e e n

l a b o r i o u s l y p e r fo r m ed b y in t e r c h a n g e o f w eap on s hand t o

h an d ; now may t h e g le a m in g w h i t e t o g a o f q u i e t p e a c e p e r

form i t s t a s k and m ay o u r s o l d i e r s , t h e i r arm s s e t a s i d e ,

q u i c k ly p r e p a r e an abode f o r t h a t w h ic h i s h o l y ."

When sh e had sp o k en t h e s e w o r d s , t h e q u een w i t h

m a j e s t i c s t e p d e s c e n d s and w i t h C o n co rd , h e r p a r tn e r i n so

g r e a t a t a s k , i s a b o u t t o l a y o u t th e new te m p le on th e

f o u n d a t io n a l r e a d y s e t . H er g o ld e n m e a s u r in g r o d iruns

o v e r t h e g r o u n d , m a rk in g t h e d i s t a n c e so t h a t t h e f o u r

w a l l s f i t n e a t l y t o g e t h e r , l e s t d i s s i m i l a r a n g l e s w it h

u n ev en s i d e s mar w i t h t h e i r i r r e g u l a r m ea su r em e n ts th e

h a rm o n io u s p la n . Toward t h e e a s t a b r i g h t , s h i n i n g r e g io n

s t r e t c h e s o p e n , l i g h t e d b y t h r e e d o o r s . T hree g a t e s op en

t o th e s o u t h ; t h r e e d o o r s p r e s e n t t h r e e e n t r a n c e s t o t h e

w e s t ; w h i l e th e l o f t y e d i f i c e i s th row n o p en t o th e n o r th

b y a l i k e num ber o f d o o r s . Ho b u i l d i n g s t o n e i s t h e r e , b u t

a h a l lo w e d gem w h ose s o l i d m a ss h a s b een c u t th r o u g h w it h

h ew in g e n c i r c l e s th e t h r e s h o ld w i t h g le a m in g a r c h , and a

s i n g l e s to n e fo rm s th e in n e r v e s t i b u l e . The nam es o f t h e

t w e lv e a p o s t l e s i n s c r i b e d i n g o ld g lea m from t h e d o o r p o s t s .

M an*s s p i r i t p o n d e r s t h e m y s t e r i e s h id d e n away i n t h e s e

i n s c r i p t i o n s , e l i c i t i n g f i t t i n g s e n t im e n t s w i t h i n h i s s o u l .

And w h a te v e r be t h e a g e o f m an, w h ic h a f o u r f o l d f o r c e

q u ic k e n s i n th e w h o le b o d y , h e a p p r o a c h e s t h e a l t a r w i t h in

b y t h r e e p a t h s and w o r s h ip s a t t h e s h r in e w i t h pu re v o t i v e

o f f e r i n g s ; w h e th e r a s a c h i l d g u id e d b y t h e s u n ' s e a r l y

r a y s o r a s a y o u th a r o u s e d b y p a s s i o n a t e a r d o u r , o r a s a

man o f m a t u r i t y l e d b y t h e c l e a r l i g h t o f y e a r s , o r a s a

d e c r e p i t o l d man c a l l e d f o r t h b y t h e c o ld b l a s t o f th e

n o r th t o p io u s d e v o t i o n s . At e a c h o f t h e f o u r s i d e s o f th e

te m p le a r e fo u n d t h r e e nam es w h ic h th e K in g h a s p la c e d in

h o n o r o f H is t w e lv e d i s c i p l e s .

I n a d d i t i o n , t h e v a r ie d b e a u t i e s o f a l i k e num ber o f

gem s s p a r k le d from t h e c o v e r e d w a l l s , a s t h e l i g h t from

a b o v e b r o u g h t o u t warm v ib r a n t c o l o r s from t h e i r t r a n s

p a r e n t d e p th s : on t h i s s i d e a l a r g e c h r y s o l i t e i n l a i d w it h

n a t i v e g o ld w as s e t w i t h a s a p p h ir e ; on t h e o t h e r a b e r y l ;

t h e gemmed s u r f a c e b e tw e e n s c i n t i l l a t e d w i t h v a r y in g h u e s ;

h e r e a d u l l c h a lc e d o n y w as s t e e p e d i n t h e g lo w o f a n e a r b y

j a c i n t h , f o r , a s i t h a p p e n e d , t h e s t o n e c a u g h t i n i t s

d e p th s t h e s e a b lu e so c l o s e and r e f l e c t e d t h e t r a n s l u c e n t

p u r p l e . The hue o f t h e a m e th y s t s t a i n e d t h e sa r d o n y x ; th e

j a s p a r and c o l o r f u l to p a z d yed t h e a d j a c e n t s a r d l u s . The

e m e r a ld s a s v e r d a n t a s g r e e n f i e l d s i n s p r in g w ere among

th e j e w e l s , t h e i r g r e e n l i g h t s f l a s h i n g o u t v a r y in g h u e s .

The s t r u c t u r e l o c a t e s t h e e , 0 g lo w in g c h r y s o p r a s e , i n a

s e l e c t p l a c e so t h a t t h y b r i l l i a n c e i s ad d ed t o th e

g l i t t e r i n g s t o n e s . The c r a n e , a s i t t o s s e d t h e la r g e gem s

t o th e l o f t y h e i g h t s , w as c r e a k in g w it h i t s w e ig h t e d

c h a in s .

B ut th e i n t e r i o r o f th e te m p le w as c o n s t r u c t e d upon

s e v e n co lu m n s o f c l e a r c r y s t a l c u t from t r a n s p a r e n t r o c k ,

w h o se l o f t y t o p s a w h it e s t o n e c o v e r s i n c o n i c a l sh a p e

w it h th e u n d er p a r t t a p e r e d o f f l i k e a s h e l l , w h ic h p e a r l

o f g r e a t p r i c e u n d a u n ted F a i t h , h e r p o s s e s s i o n s and

h o l d in g s p u t up f o r s a l e , p u r c h a s e d f o r o n e th o u sa n d

t a l e n t s . H ere m ig h ty Wisdom s i t s on h e r th r o n e and from

h e r h ig h c o u r t p o n d e r s th e r u l e s f o r h e r k in g d o m , m e d i

t a t i n g i n h e r h e a r t la w s f o r t h e w e l f a r e o f m en. In t h e

h a n d s o f t h e q u een r e s t s t h e s c e p t r e , n o t f a s h io n e d b y a r t ;

i t w as a f l o w e r i n g r o d o f g r e e n w ood , w h ic h , c u t from a

t r e e , th o u g h n o u r is h e d b y no m o is t u r e from t h e e a r t h y s o i l ,

w it h r o o t s e v e r e d , y e t r e m a in s g r e e n w i t h i t s f o l i a g e

unharm ed, a s g le a m in g w h it e l i l i e s m in g le , in te r w o v e n w i t h

th e b lo o d - r e d r o s e s , sen d f o r t h f l o w e r s on t h e s t u r d y s te m .

The form o f t h i s s c e p t r e w as l i k e t o th e f l o w e r - b e a r in g

ro d o f A a ro n , w h ic h b u d d in g f o r t h from i t s d r y b ark un

f o l d e d w it h f l o u r i s h i n g hop e i t s t e n d e r b e a u ty a s t h e d r y

t w ig s u d d e n ly s w e l l e d i n t o new b lo s s o m s .

We r e n d e r t o T h e e , 0 C h r i s t , th e m o st in d u lg e n t o f

T e a c h e r s , e t e r n a l th a n k s and w i t h p r a y e r f u l l i p s o f f e r T hee

Thy m e r it e d p r a i s e — f o r a s s u r e d ly o u r h e a r t i s s o i l e d w i t h

th e s t a i n o f s i n . Thou h a s t w is h e d t h a t we know th e

d a n g e r s t h a t lu r k u n se e n i n t h e b o d y and t h e t r i a l s o f a

s o u l w r e s t l i n g w i t h t e m p t a t io n . We know t h a t i n ou r

d a r k e n e d h e a r t c o n f l i c t i n g d e s i r e s v i e f o r m a s te r y in

v a r y in g c o n t e s t s , and i n th e s h i f t i n g f o r t u n e s o f w a r , a t

f i r s t we grow s t r o n g i n o u r b e t t e r n a t u r e , b u t when th e

v i r t u e s a r e w ea k en ed we a r e d ra g g ed down t o a lo w e r l e v e l

o f l i v i n g and a r e a d d ic t e d t o sh a m e fu l d e e d s w h ic h b r in g

harm t o o u r e t e r n a l s a l v a t i o n . How o f t e n , a f t e r th e d e a d ly

t e m p t a t io n s o f s i n have b e e n o v e r c a m e , h a v e we f e l t o u r

s o u l s in f la m e d w i t h lo v e o f God; how o f t e n a f t e r t h e s e

u n a l l o 3red d e l i g h t s h a v e we s e n s e d o u r s p i r i t u a l l i f e grow

c o l d , y i e l d i n g t o e v i l d e s i r e s .

Wars r a g e , h o r r ib l e w a r s ; e v e n i n o u r b o n e s t h e

c o m p lex n a tu r e o f man so u n d s w i t h arm ed d i s c o r d ; f o r t h e

f l e s h f a s h io n e d from c l a y r e b e l s a g a i n s t th e s p i r i t , and

th e s p i r i t t h a t i s s u e d f o r t h from t h e b r e a th o f God r e b e l s

w i t h i n t h e d ark p r i s o n o f th e h e a r t and r e j e c t s t h e f i l t h

w it h t h e c l o s e - f i t t i n g c h a i n s . L ig h t and d a r k n e s s c o n te n d

w it h t h e i r o p p o s in g f o r c e s , and ou r c o m p lex n a tu r e s t i r s

up r e b e l l i o u s f e e l i n g s u n t i l C h r i s t th e L ord a p p e a r s w it h

H is a id and a r r a n g e s a l l th e j e w e l s o f th e V ir t u e s in a

b l e s s e d s e t t i n g . Where s i n h a s o n c e h e ld sw ay . H e,

e s t a b l i s h i n g t h e g o ld e n c o u r t s o f H is t e m p le , f a s h io n s f o r

t h e s o u l from th e t h r e a d s o f t h e s e t r i a l s o rn a m en ts i n

w h ic h r i c h W isdom may d e l i g h t a s sh e r u l e s f o r e v e r from

h e r b e a u te o u s t h r o n e .

University ot i!k>uthem

CHAPTEH V

COMMENTARY

■ PREFACE

The o p e n in g v e r s e s t e l l o f th e f i r s t p a t r i a r c h ,

Abraham, w h o, f o r h i s u n sh a k en f a i t h and t r u s t in God, w as

a p p o in te d by Him t o be t h e F a th e r o f a b l e s s e d r a c e . The

G o d -g iv e n p r o m is e , t h e p r o s p e c t s o f 'sdiich a f f e c t e d b o th him

and h i s p o s t e r i t y , in c lu d e d th e p o s s e s s i o n o f th e P ro m ise d1 2 L and, a p r o g e n y m ore num erous th a n t h e s t a r s , and a

3b l e s s i n g t o be i n h e r i t e d b y a l l t h e n a t i o n s o f t h e e a r t h .

The w o r l d - e x t e n s io n o f t h i s c o v e n a n t t a k e s e f f e c t a s a

r e s p o n s e t o f a i t h a lo n e ; so i t i s n o t t h e c a r n a l , b u t t h e

s p i r i t u a l p o s t e r i t y o f Abraham who a r e t o sh a r e i n t h e s e

p r o m is e s . S in c e Abraham becam e a v e s s e l o f e l e c t i o n b y

v i r t u e o f h i s f a i t h and o f t h e r i g h t e o u s n e s s o f h i s l i f e .

P r u d e n t iu s p r e s e n t s him t o u s a s a p a t t e r n b y w h ic h we may

m o d el o u r l i v e s , i f w e , t o o , a r e t o e n j o y t h e b e n e d ic t io n

and b l e s s i n g s o f God. L ik e Abraham , we m u st p ro v e o u r

s e l v e s and m a n f u l ly wage w ar a g a i n s t t h e f o r c e s o f e v i l .

G en. 1 2 : 7 .

I b i d . . 1 5 : 5 .

G a l. 3 : 8 .

1 . s e n e x f i d e l l s ; , Abraham. '’Abram b e l i e v e d4

God, and i t w a s r e p u te d t o him u n to j u s t i c e . ”

s e n e x : a p a t r ia r c h o r e l d e r i n t h e sy n a g o g u e in

e c c l e s i a s t i c a l L a t in a s o p p o se d t o t h e c l a s s i c a l m e a n in g ,

a g e d .

2 . Abram: t h e f i r s t o f t h e p a t r i a r c h s and f a t h e r o f

t h e H ebrew n a t i o n .

3 - 4 . a d i e c t a * . . d e o : ’’N e i t h e r s h a l l t h y name be

c a l l e d a n y m ore Abram: b u t th o u s h a l t be c a l l e d Abraham:5

b e c a u s e I have made t h e e a f a t h e r o f many n a t i o n s . ”

5 . s e n i l e . . . v i c t i m a e ;

He s a i d t o him : Take t h y o n ly b e g o t t e n so n I s a a c ,whom th o u l o v e s t , an d go i n t o th e la n d o f v i s i o n : and t h e r e th o u s h a l t o f f e r him f o r an h o lo c a u s t upon on e o f t h e m o u n ta in s w h ic h I w i l l show t h e e .

p ig n u s : o n e ’ s own c h i l d . T h i s , n o t u se d i n t h i s

s e n s e u n t i l th e A u g u sta n P e r io d , r e f e r s t o I s a a c , t h e so n

o f Abraham and o f S a ra in t h e i r o l d a g e .

9 . p r o f a n i s g e n t i b u s : j . . e . , im p io u s m en. T h is m ay be

i n t e r p r e t e d t o m ean th e u n b r id le d p a s s i o n s and e v i l d e s i r e s

o f m an’ s s o u l .

1 1 . p r o le m : l ^ . e . , m e r i t o r i o u s a c t s w h ic h a r e th e

^ 1 5 : 6 .

® I b i d . , 1 7 : 5 .

® I b i d . , 2 2 : 8 .

o f f - s p r i n g o f good w o r k s .

1 3 . b e l l i o o s u s s p i r i t u s ; h e r e t h e s o u l o f man i s

p o r tr a y e d a s c o u r a g e o u s ly b a t t l i n g t h e v i c e s .

1 5 . f e r o o e s f o r t e r e g e s : t h e s e w ere C h o d o r la h o m o r ,

k in g o f t h e E la m it e s ; T h a d a l, k in g o f n a t i o n s ; A m raphel,7

k in g o f S e n n a a r ; and A r io c h , k in g o f P o n t u s . T h ese

f o r e i g n k in g s m ay be c o n s id e r e d a s t h e e v i l d e s i r e s w h ic h

m o le s t t h e s o u l o f man i n th e p e r s o n o f L o t .

1 5 - 2 5 . v io tu m . . • c o p i i s :

And t h e y to o k a l l t h e s u b s ta n c e o f t h e S o d o m ite s , and G o m o r r h ite s , and a l l t h e i r v i c t u a l s , and w en t t h e i r w a y .And b e h o ld on e t h a t h ad e s c a p e d t o l d Abram t h e H ebrew . . . w h ich w hen Abram had h e a r d , t o w i t , t h a t h i s b r o t h e r L o t w a s t a k e n , h e num bered o f t h e s e r v a n t s b o rn i n h i s h o u s e , t h r e e h u n d red and o e i ^ t e e n w e l l a p p o in te d : and p u r su e d them t o Dan.

Abraham and L o t a r e c o n t r a s t e d c h a r a c t e r s . Though

t h e y w ere o f t h e same s t o c k and w ere s u b j e c t e d t o t h e same

e n v ir o n m e n t , t h e c o n t r a s t i n t h e i r c h a r a c t e r and c a r e e r i s

shown t o be t h e r e s u l t o f t h e i r r e s p e c t i v e c h o i c e s a t t h e

c r i s i s o f t h e i r l i v e s ; L o t had made h i s s e l e c t i o n w i t h h i s

e y e f a s t e n e d on p r e s e n t a d v a n t a g e s , w h e r e a s Abraham ”lo o k e d

f o r a c i t y t h a t h a th f o u n d a t io n s ; w h ose b u i l d e r and m aker

G en. 1 4 : 9 .

^ I b i d . . 1 4 : 1 1 - 1 4 .

i s G o d ,” T h u s, t h e tw o rem a in t y p e s o f t h e w o r l d l y and

s p i r i t u a l m an, r e s p e c t i v e l y .

The s p i r i t u a l e x p e r i e n c e s o f Abraham w ere m arked b y

t r i a l s , e a c h o f w h ic h in v o lv e d a s u r r e n d e r o f so m e th in g

n a t u r a l l y d e a r . P r u d e n t iu s m e n t io n s tw o o f t h e s e , n a m e ly ,

h i s s e p a r a t io n from h i s nephew L o t , whom he e s p e c i a l l y

lo v e d ; and t h e s a c r i f i c e dem anded o f him b y God o f h i s son

I s a a c . I s a a c b eco m es f o r u s a ty p e o f C h r i s t Who becam e

" o b e d ie n t u n to d e a t h ” ; Abraham i s a t y p e o f God t h e F a th e r

Who " d id n o t e v e n s p a r e h i s own Son b u t g a v e h im up f o r u s

a l l . L o t h e r e s i g n i f i e s a f a i t h f u l s o u l e n s n a r e d b y th e

v i c e s .

2 2 . v e r n u l a s ; d im in u t iv e o f v e r n a , "hom eborn s l a v e s . ”

3 6 . f i d e l i s s a n g u i n i s : t h e f a i t h f u l t r i b e i s th e

H ebrew r a c e .

3 9 . f e r c u l i s c a e l e s t i b u s : t h i s h e a v e n ly fo o d i s a

sym b ol o f th e H o ly E u c h a r i s t .

4 0 . d e i s a c e r d o s : , M e lc h is e d e c h . "But

M e lc h is e d e c h th e k in g o f S a lem b r in g in g f o r t h b r e a d and

w in e , f o r h e w as t h e p r i e s t o f t h e m o st h ig h God, b l e s s e d

h im , . .

11Rom. 8 : 3 2 .

Gen. 14:18-19.

4 1 - 4 4 . o r ig o . . . D eo : , w i t h o u t g e n e a lo g y ; n o t t h a t

M e le h is e d e c h had no p a r e n t s , b u t t h e S c r ip t u r e s m e n t io n

n o n e . H is p r ie s t h o o d w as n o t b a s e d on f a m i ly d e s c e n t a s

w as t h a t o f th e s o n s o f L e v i , b u t w as a p e r s o n a l p r e

r o g a t i v e . I n t h i s he p r e f i g u r e s t h e p r i e s t h o o d o f C h r i s t ,

and s i n c e n o t h in g i s s a i d i n S c r ip t u r e a b o u t h i s d e a th , h i s

p r ie s t h o o d i s lo o k e d upon a s c o n t in u in g f o r e v e r .

W ith o u t f a t h e r , w i t h o u t m o th e r , w i t h o u t g e n e a lo g y , h a v in g n e i t h e r b e g in n in g o f d a y s n o r end o f l i f e , b u t l ik e n e d u n to t h e Son o f God, c o n t in u e t h a p r i e s t f o r e v e r .

4 3 . M e lc h is e d e c h :

F or t h i s M e lc h is e d e c h w a s a k in g o f S a le m , p r i e s t o f t h e m o st h ig h God, who m et Abraham r e t u r n in g from t h e s la u g h t e r o f t h e k i n g s , and b l e s s e d him :To whom a l s o Abraham d i v i d e d t h e t i t h e s o f a l l : who f i r s t in d e e d b y i n t e r p r e t a t i o n , i s k in g o f j u s t i c e : and th e n a l s o k in g o f S a lem , t h a t i s ,k in g o f p e a c e .

M e lc h is e d e c h i n h i s o f f i c e o f p r i e s t and k in g

p r e s e n t s a t h r e e f o l d s i g n i f i c a n c e w i t h r e g a r d t o C h r i s t .

I n h i s o f f i c e o f p r i e s t he p r e f ig u r e d th e e t e r n a l p r ie s t# -

hood o f C h r i s t . H is nam e, m ea n in g " k in g o f r i g h t e o u s n e s s , ”

and h i s t i t l e a s k in g o f S a le m , m ea n in g " k in g o f p e a c e , ”

c o r r e s p o n d t o tw o o f t h e c h i e f a t t r i b u t e s o f Our D iv in e

L ord w h o se r e i g n w as t o be one o f r ig h t e o u s n e s s and

% b . 7 : 3 .

^ I b i d . , 7 : 1 - 2 .

p e a c e ,

4 5 . t r i f o m i s angelorum . t r i n i t a s t

And w hen he had l i f t e d up h i s e y e s t h e r e a p p e a r e d t o him t h r e e men s t a n d in g n e a r h im ; and a s so o n a s he saw them h e r a n t o m e e t them from t h e d o o r o f h i s t e n t , and a d o r e d down t o t h e g r o u n d . 15

T h ese h e a v e n ly v i s i t o r s a r e e n t e r t a i n e d b y Abraham,

t o whom t h e y f o r t e l l t h e b i r t h o f I s a a c . I n h i s t r a n s

l a t i o n o f th e O ld T e s ta m e n t , Knox t e l l s u s i n a f o o t n o t e :

We h a v e no m eans o f k n ow in g i n w h at form t h i s r e v e l a t i o n w a s made t o Abraham; b u t i t seem s c l e a r t h a t th e D iv in e v i s i t r e p r e s e n t e d i t s e l f t o him u n d er a human g u i s e . One o f th e t h r e e t r a v e l l e r s h e r e c o g n i z e d , w ith o u t a s k in g , a s A lm ig h ty God h i m s e l f .1 6

4 7 . e t iam v ie tu m S a r r a . . . :

And t h e Lord v i s i t e d S a r a , a s he had p r o m ise d : and f u l f i l l e d w h at h e had sp o k e n . And sh e c o n c e i v e d and b o r e a so n i n h e r o l d a g e , a t th e t im e t h a t God had f o r e t o l d h e r . l "

4 9 . h e r e de gau d e n s e t c a c h in n i p a e n i t e n s ; S a r a ,

b e c a u se o f h e r a d v a n c e d y e a r s had la u g h e d w hen sh e h e a r d18t h a t sh e w as t o becom e a m o th e r . When h e r so n w as b o m .

Dorn A. Graham, The C h r i s t o f C a t h o l i c i s m .p p . 2 3 4 f .

G en. 1 8 : 8 .

R o n a ld K nox, The O ld T e sta m en t In E n g l i s h . V o l . I , p . 2 2 .

G en . 2 1 : 1 - 2 .

I b id . , 18:10.

10719sh e named him I s a a c , w h ic h s i g n i f i e s " la u g h t e r ."

5 0 - 6 8 . T h ese c l o s i n g l i n e s o f t h e P r e f a c e , e x p la n a t o r y i n

t o n e , s e t f o r t h t h e p u r p o se o f th e p r e c e d in g e v e n t s drawn

from H o ly S c r ip t u r e . I f w e , l i k e Abraham, a r e t o r e c e i v e

G od’ s b e n e d i c t i o n , th e n l i k e u n to h im , we m u st be armed

w it h t h e b r e a s t p l a t e o f f a i t h and wage w ar a g a i n s t t h e

e n e m ie s o f th e s o u l , t h a t i s , t h e e v i l p a s s i o n s . C h r i s t

w i l l th e n come t o u s i n th e H o ly E u c h a r i s t , and t h u s u n i t e d

w it h Him, o u r s o u l s , a id e d b y H is g r a c e , w i l l p e r fo r m a c t s

w o r th y o f a member o f th e h o u s e h o ld o f God.SO5 7 . t r e c e n t i b i s n o u e n i s ; M ig n e , i n h i s com m en tary ,

c i t e s v a r io u s o p in io n s a s t o t h e h id d e n a l l e g o r y o f t h i s

num ber. I t may r e f e r t o t h e 5 1 8 b is h o p s u n i t e d a t t h e

f i r s t e c u m e n ic a l c o u n c i l o f t h e C hurch h e ld i n 525 A .D . a t

N ic a e a i n B i t h y n ia . I t s p r i n c i p a l w ork w as t h e condem

n a t i o n o f A r ia n ism and th e d e f i n i n g o f t h e t r u e C a t h o l i c

d o c t r i n e w h ic h w as l a t e r e x p a n d ed i n t o th e " N icen e 21C r e e d ." The w ork o f t h e N ic e n e C o u n c il w as lo o k e d upon

22a s a " f i g h t b e tw e e n C h r i s t i a n i t y and p a g a n ism ."

19 G en. 2 1 : 3 .

J . P . H lg n e , P a t r o l o g l a e G u rsu s C o m p lé ta s : S e r i e s L a t in a , L IZ , 7 1 3 .

D on ald A t t w a t e r , A C a t h o l i c D i c t i o n a r y , p . 3 6 2 .

T. R. G lo v e r , L i f e and L e t t e r s in t h e F o u r th C e n tu r y , p . 1 7 .

A n o th e r s u g g e s t e d e x p la n a t io n r e a d s i n t o th e G reek

fo im o f t h e n u m era l (TIH) t h e c r o s s o f C h r i s t a s b e in g

r e p r e s e n t e d b y t h e l e t t e r "T" and t h e name o f J e s u s b e

g in n in g a s i t d o e s w i t h t h e G reek

6 1 . c ib um b e a t i s o f f e r e n s v i c t o r i b u s : we m ig h t e x p e c t

" se" i n t h i s v e r s e s i n c e C h r i s t g i v e s H im s e lf i n th e

B le s s e d E u c h a r i s t .

6 3 . t r i n i t a s ; t h e m o st B l e s s e d T r i n i t y . God i s o n e

i n H is n a t u r e , b u t i n t h e on e God t h e r e a r e t h r e e d i s t i n c t

and d i v i n e p e r s o n s . Abbe A n ger t e l l s u s : "The j u s t man

h a s w i t h in him f o r h i s b l e s s e d n e s s t h e F a t h e r , t h e S o n ,* S4

and t h e H o ly S p i r i t . "

6 4 . s p i r i t u a l : th e H o ly S p i r i t . C o n t in u in g th e

d o c t r in e o f t h e M y s t i c a l B ody o f C h r i s t Abbe A nger s a y s :

E v e ry o n e i n t h e s t a t e o f g r a c e , t h a t i s , e v e r y o n e who i s a l i v i n g member o f t h e M y s t i c a l B od y , h a s w i t h i n him th e H o ly T r i n i t y , Who w ork s w i t h in him and s a n c t i f i e s h im . B u t t h i s d i v i n e i n d w e l l i n g i n o u r s o u l s a n d , i n g e n e r a l , a l l w ork o f s a n c t i f i c a t i o n a r e i n a s p e c i a l w ay a t t r i b u t e d to t h eH o ly sp irit.25

6 5 . p r o l i s e x p e r te m d i u : i , . £ * , t h e s o u l d e s t i t u t e o f

good w o r k s .

M ig n e , OE. c i t . , L IX , 7 1 3 .

2^ Abbe A n g e r , The D o c t r in e o f t h e M y s t i c a l B ody O f C hri s t . p . 7 1 .

2® I b i d . . p . 7 2 .

6 6 . p e r e n n l . . . s e m in e ; t h e e t e r n a l s e e d . The

C h r i s t ia n u n i t e d t o t h e B le s s e d T r i n i t y w i l l r e a p t h e f u l l

h a r v e s t o f t h a t m a r v e lo u s f o r c e w h ic h i s t h e d i v i n e l i f e ,

t h e s e e d o f w h ic h i s r e c e i v e d i n b a p t is m .

6 8 . h e r e d e . . . domum; A s o u l e n r ic h e d b y t h e g r a c e

o f God w i l l p r o d u ce a c t s w o r th y o f th e k ingdom o f h e a v e n .

ilôlWAR OF THE SOUL

T h ese f i r s t v e r s e s ( 1 - 2 0 ) , w h ic h p r e s e n t an i n

v o c a t i o n t o C h r i s t , a c k n o w le d g in g H is d i v i n i t y and H is

k i n g s h ip , a re w r i t t e n i n a V e r g i l i a n s t r a i n w h ic h b le n d s

C h r i s t i a n th o u g h t t o p agan fo rm . The s o u l c a l l s C h r i s t i t s

"bone d u e to r " Who h a s endow ed h e r w i t h "s a l u t i f e r a s tu rm as"

by w h ic h she may overcom e t h e s n a r e s o f t h e v i c e s . W ith

t h i s b r i e f p a s s a g e t h e V ir t u e s a r e th e n in t r o d u c e d , e a c h i n

i t s t u r n a s i t p la y s i t s p a r t i n t h e su b s e q u e n t e p i c , t h e

k e y n o te o f w h ic h i s t o be fo u n d i n t h e c l o s i n g p r a y e r o f

g r a t i t u d e t o C h r i s t :

. . . f e r u e n t b e l l a h o r r id a , f e r u e n t , o s s i b u s i n c l u s a f r e m i t e t d i s c o r d ib u s a r m is n o n s im p le x n a tu r a h o m in is ; . . • ( 9 0 2 - 9 0 4 ) .

1 . C h ri s t e . g r a u e s hominum sem per m i s e r a t e l a b o r e s .

q u i : T h is o p e n in g v e r s e i l l u s t r a t e s how P r u d e n t iu s a d a p te d

th e la n g u a g e and t e c h n iq u e o f V i r g i l t o t h i s a b s t r a c t

C h r i s t i a n th e m e .

3 . ^ n om in e u tr o g u e : M ign e h a s t h i s p h r a se r e a d "de

nominm t r i n o . " The t r a n s l a t i o n w o u ld t h e n in c lu d e t h e

id e a o f t h e T r i n i t y . H ow ever, t h e Bergm an t e x t , u s in g

" u troq u e" r e f e r s t o t h e tw o P e r s o n s o f t h e T r i n i t y , n a m e ly .

26 M ig n e , o £ . c i t . . V o l . LX, P sv c h o m a c h ia . V , 3

God th e F a th e r and God th e S on .

1 3 . o h r i s t i c o l a s ; a p o e t i c d e s i g n a t i o n f o r a

C h r i s t i a n .

1 4 . s a l u t i f e r a s . . • tu r m a s : 1 . ^ . , t h e la u d a b le

a t t r i b u t e s o r v i r t u e s , th e p o s s e s s i o n and p r a c t i c e o f w h ic h

b r in g s a l v a t i o n t o m an.

1 7 . t i b i d im ic e t e t t i b i u i n c a t : th e s o u l i n i t s

s t r u g g l e a g a i n s t th e v i c e s h a s i n m ind th e t w o f o ld p u r p o se

o f p e r s o n a l s a n c t i f i c a t i o n and o f l o y a l t y t o i t s L e a d e r and

K in g .

2 0 . u i r i b u s i n f e s t i s . . . p o r t a n t i a : i n a m o r a l

s e n s e , th e m o n s te r s o f d e p r a v i t y , t h a t i s , t h e v i c e s , w i t h

t h e i r e v i l s u g g e s t i o n s .

F i r s t Combat

W ith t h e a f o r e s a i d b r i e f i n t r o d u c t i o n , P r u d e n t iu s

la u n c h e s a t o n c e i n t o t h e f i r s t o f t h e s e v e n c o n f l i c t s ,

w h ic h p o r t r a y s t h e s t r u g g l e b e tw e e n F a i t h and P agan ism

( 2 1 - 3 9 ) .

2 1 . campum: t h i s may be i n t e r p r e t e d i n tw o w a y s ,

d e p e n d in g upon o n e ’ s r e a d in g o f t h e poem . I f o n e a c c e p t s

th e poem a s r e p r e s e n t i n g t h e r e c e n t v i c t o r y o f C h r i s t i a n i t y

o v e r p a g a n ism , t h e n campum i s t h e w o r ld i n w h ic h t h e b a t t l e

H a r p e r , L a t in D i c t i o n a r y , p . 3 2 8

b e tw e e n t h e p agan v i c e s and t h e C h r i s t i a n v i r t u e s i s

s t a g e d . I f on e h o ld s t h e t h e o r y t h a t t h e e p i c show s th e

s u c c e s s i v e c o n f l i c t s b e tw e e n v i r t u e and v i c e in a C h r i s t i a n

s o u l , th e n campum i s th e s o u l o f m an.

2 2 . F i d e s : I n th e O ld T e sta m en t t h i s w ord h a s t h e

c l a s s i c a l m ea n in g o f t r u s t . r e l i a n c e . o r f i d e l i t y . I n t h e

New T e s ta m e n t , a s h e r e , i t d e n o t e s t h e s u p e r n a t u r a l v i r t u epO

o f f a i t h . The f i r s t o f t h e t h r e e t h e o l o g i c a l v i r t u e s , i t

m ay b e d e f in e d a s t h a t v i r t u e

. . . by w h ic h o u r i n t e l l e c t i s d i s p o s e d t o a s s e n t f i r m l y t o a l l t h e t r u t h s r e v e a le d b y God, b e c a u se o f t h e i n f i n i t e t r u t h and w isd om o f God who ca n n e i t h e r d e c e iv e n o r be d e c e iv e d .

2 6 . p e c t o r e s e d f i d e a s v a l i d o ; The p o e t h e r e p i c t u r e s

t h e V i r t u e , su p p o r te d b y h e r r e s o l u t e h e a r t , c o n f i d e n t t h a t

d eep t r u s t i n God w i l l be a f o r c e f u l w eapon w i t h w h ic h t o

a t t a c k h e r enem y. *

2 9 . u eteru m C u lt u r e deorum : w o r sh ip o f t h e a n c ie n t

g o d s o r p a g a n ism . Q u it u s id o lo ru rn w as th e p h r a s e i n

c o n s t a n t u s e among e c c l e s i a s t i c a l w r i t e r s f o r t h e w o r s h ip3 0o f f a l s e g o d s .

S i s t e r M ary D o lo r o s a M an n ix , S a n c t i A m b r o s ii De O b itu T h e o d o s i i . p . 8 7 .

A t t w a t e r , £ £ . c i t . . p . 1 9 6 .

M a n n ix , o g . c i t . . p . 9 0 .

5 0 - 3 5 . i l i a h o s t i l e . • • f a t i g a n t ; P r u d e n t iu s h a s w ork ed

i n t o h i s own l i n e s w o rd s o r i d e a s o f V e r g i l i a n s o u r c e s .

The b a s i c s o u r c e o f t h i s p a s s a g e i s A e n e id . 1 2 : 9 0 1 , w i t h31

p h r a s e o lo g y in te r w o v e n from o t h e r v e r s e s .

3 7 . m a r t y r ib u s : a G reek lo a n w ord m ea n in g " w it n e s s ."

H e r e , a s u s e d i n e c c l e s i a s t i c a l L a t i n , i t i n d i c a t e s on e who

th r o u g h h i s d e a th b e a r s w i t n e s s t o t h e t r u t h o f t h e

C h r i s t i a n r e l i g i o n . P r u d e n t iu s w as t h e f i r s t t o p r a i s e i n

v e r s e t h e m a r ty r s : e x c e p t io n b e in g made o f th e e p ig r a m s3 2

o f Pope Dama8 u s , and t h e hym ns o f S t . A m brose. The

P e r is t e p h a n o n . i n w h ic h t h e s e v e r s e s a re t o be fo u n d , i s a

c o l l e c t i o n o f f o u r t e e n poem s i n h o n o r o f S p a n is h , A f r ic a n ,

and Roman m a r ty r s .

. . . I t s im p o r ta n c e a r i s e s from t h e f a c t t h a t i t p r e s e n t s a new g e n u s o f poem , a c o m b in a t io n o f t h e e p ic and l y r i c w h ic h c a n a lm o s t be d e s c r ib e d a s ab a l l a d . 5 3

3 8 - 3 9 . The c r o w n in g o f t h e v i c t o r i o u s a l l i e s and t h e

w e a r in g o f th e p u r p le r o b e s r e c a l l t h e em blem s o f J u p i t e r

w h ic h i n R e p u b lic a n Rome w ere w orn b y a g e n e r a l i n

5^ A lb e r tu s M ahoney, V e r g i l i n t h e W orks o f P r u d e n t iu s . p . 5 0 .

F . J . E. R aby, A H i s t o r y o f C h r i s t i a n - L a t in P o e t r y from t h e B e g in n in g s t o t h e C lo s e o f th e M id d le A g e s , p . 5 0 .

L o c . c i t .

tr iu m p h . T h ese a p p u r te n a n c e s o f J u p i t e r in c lu d e d t h e35g o ld - s p a n g le d p u r p le c lo a k , and th e l a u r e l b r a n c h .

o s t r o ; a G reek lo a n w ord i n d i c a t i n g a p u r p le c o l o r

w h ich w a s p r e p a r e d from a s h e l l - f i s h . The a r t o f m akin g

t h i s d ye w h ic h w as h i g h l y p r i z e d w a s l o s t f o r s e v e r a l

c e n t u r i e s a f t e r t h e f a l l o f t h e Roman E m p ire . I n t e r e s t w a s

r e v iv e d i n t h i s a r t a b o u t two and o n e - h a l f c e n t u r i e s ago

véien c e r t a i n s c i e n t i s t s b eg a n t o s e a r c h f o r t h e o r i g i n a l

c o l o r i n g s u b s ta n c e among t h e s h e l l - f i s h i n th e

M e d ite r r a n e a n . B ut i t w as l e f t t o W. A d olp h S ch m id t i n

th e f i r s t h a l f o f t h e l a s t c e n tu r y t o d i s c o v e r th e f i s h

w h ic h s e c r e t e d t h e l i g h t - c o l o r e d f l u i d w h ic h , p la c e d on

m a t e r i a l and c h e m ic a l ly t r e a t e d , d yed t h e p a p e r o r c l o t h36

a p u r p le o r v i o l e t s h a d e .

S econ d Combat

C h a s t i t y , a t t a c k e d b y L u s t , d is a r m s h e r b y v i r t u e

o f th e v i r g i n b i r t h o f th e S a v io u r . C h a s t i t y i n a lo n g

s p e e c h d e v e lo p s t h o s e " id e a s so d e a r t o P r u d e n t iu s , w h ich

L i l y R o ss T a y lo r , The D i v i n i t y o f t h e Roman E m peror. p . 4 5 .

I b i d . , p . 4 4 .

L i l l i a n M. W ils o n , The C lo t h in g o f t h e A n c ie n t R om ans, p . 6 .

c e n t e r rou n d t h e r e d e m p tio n o f o u r f l e s h b y C h r is t "

( 4 0 - 1 0 8 ) .

4 1 . u ir g o P u d i c i t i a ; t h e C h r i s t i a n v i r t u e o f C h a s t i t y :

(a ) e x c lu d e s a l l in d u lg e n c e o f v o lu n t a r y p le a s u r e a r i s i n g from s e x u a l a p p e t i t e i n t h e c a s e o f s i n g l e p e r s o n s ; (b ) c o n t r o l s t h e u s e o f su c h a p p e t i t e a c c o r d in g t o r i g h t r e a s o n i n t h e c a s e o f m a r r ie dp e r s o n s ,5 8

4 8 . S o d o m ita L ib id o : L u s t i s h e r e c a l l e d a S o d o m ite ,

an in h a b i t a n t o f Sodom w h ose d e s t r u c t i o n w i t h t h a t o f th e

n e ig h b o r in g Gomorrah w a s d e c r e e d b y God b e c a u s e o f t h e i r 39w ic k e d n e s s .

5 0 . g l a d i o : t h e s h o r t sw ord u s e d i n a hand to hand

s t r u g g l e .

5 5 . "hoc h a b e t ": a g l a d i a t o r i a l te r m . The s p e c t a t o r s

o f a g l a d i a t o r i a l com bat c a l l e d o u t "H abet" o r "Hoc h a b e t"

w hen on e o f t h e c o m b a ta n ts w as w ou nd ed . The v a n q u is h e d on e

lo w e r e d h i s h ead i n to k e n o f s u b m is s io n , w h i l e w a i t i n g h i s

f a t e . T h is , th e a u d ie n c e e x p r e s s e d b y p o i n t in g thum bs up

o r dow n, t h e r e b y i n d i c a t i n g w h e th e r h e w a s t o be sp a r e d o r 40t o be k i l l e d .

R aby, o £ . c i t . . p . 6 1 .

A t t w a t e r , o £ . c i t . . p . 9 7 .

G en. 1 8 : 1 9 .

40 H a r p e r , D lo t lo n a r y o f C l a s s i c a l L i t e r a t u r e and A n t i q u i t i e s , p . 7 3 3 .

5 5 . i n f am n io8 fa m u la su e D e i : l i t e r a l l y , " s la v e s

b e lo n g in g t o t h e h o u s e h o ld ," b u t a s u se d h e r e i t d e s i g n a t e s

t h e c h i l d r e n o f God.

5 7 . ^ lam pad e Q h r i s t i ; i n c o n t r a s t t o th e m o r t i f e r a s

flam m as o f L u s t . S t . John i n h i s G o sp e l c a l l s C h r i s t t h e41

" l i g h t o f m e n .” L ig h t c o n s id e r e d a s com in g from C h r i s t

" i s th e r e v e l a t i o n o f s u p e r n a t u r a l t r u t h , t h e e n l ig h t e n m e n t

o f men b y th e d i s p e l l i n g o f i n t e l l e c t u a l and m o r a l d a r k -4Pn e s s ." T h u s, t h e l i g h t b e s to w e d upon man i n h i s a c c e p t

a n c e o f C h r i s t ’ s t e a c h i n g s w i l l e l e v a t e him from t h i n g s

c a r n a l .

6 0 . A ssy r iu m . . . O l o f e r n i s : t h e A s s y r ia n g e n e r a l who

w as c o m m iss io n e d by N a b u ch o d o n o so r t o c o n q u e r a l l n a t i o n s ,43

d e s t r o y a l l g o d s , and b r in g a l l u n d er h i s s u b j e c t i o n .

H is a s s a s s i n a t i o n b y J u d i t h r o u t e d h i s in v a d in g arm y.

6 2 . m o e c h i : from th e G reek ; an a d u l t e r e r .

J u d i t h : t h e i l l u s t r i o u s J e w is h m a id en i s h e r e

d e p ic t e d i n h e r v i c t o r y o v e r t h e enem y. By h e r v i r t u e ,

f o r t i t u d e , and p r a y e r , t h e c h i ld r e n o f I s r a e l w ere p r e

s e r v e d from t h e d e s t r u c t i o n t h r e a t e n e d them b y H o lo f e r n e s

4^ John 1 : 1 4 .

42 A Com m entary on t h e Mew I te s ta m e n t , p r e p a r e d b y The C a t h o l i c B i b l i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n , p . 2 9 8 .

4® J u d i t h 2 : 3 .

11744and h is great army.

6 4 . famostam . . . trop aeiam : t h e h ea d o f H o lo f e r n e a .

6 6 - 6 9 . T h ese v e r s e s e x t o l l t h e v i c t o r y o f J u d i t h o v e r h e r

u n c h a s te a g g r e s s o r . L e s t sh e who l i v e d u n d er t h e o l d la w ,

c o u ld n o t c o m p le t e ly d e s t r o y t h e pow er o f e v i l , t h e n s h e ,

whom sh e fo r e sh a d o w e d , t h e B le s s e d V ir g in M ary, h a s b y

g i v i n g b i r t h t o t h e S a v io u r o f w o r ld , d e l i v e r e d m ankind

from th e s l a v e r y o f S a ta n . As J u d i t h , th e m o st h u m b le ,

c h a s t e , and f a i r among I s r a e l ’ s women c u t o f f t h e h e a d o f

t h e enem y o f h e r r a c e , so M ary b y b eco m in g t h e M o th er o f

J e s u s , c o o p e r a te d i n m an’ s r e d e m p t io n . B o th w ere i n s t r u

m e n ts i n t h e h a n d s o f God, i l l u s t r a t i n g G od’ s c a r e f o r H is

p e o p le and H is u se o f t h e w eak t o co n fo u n d t h e s t r o n g . F or

’’th e A lm ig h ty h a th s t r u c k him and h a th d e l i v e r e d him i n t o45

t h e h an d s o f a wom an."

6 9 . g ra n d e . . . c a p u t : t h e g r e a t h ead o f H o lo f e m e s

i s ta k e n a s a sym b ol o f t h e p ow er o f l u s t .

7 0 . i n t a c t a e . . . v i r g i n ! s : t h e B l e s s e d V ir g in M ary.

p o s t p artu m : i*®.* » a f t e r t h e b i r t h o f C h r i s t .

7 1 - 7 4 . The b a s ic m ea n in g o f t h e s e v e r s e s i s t h a t o f th e

v i r g i n b i r t h o f C h r i s t , a dogma o f t h e C hurch w h ic h a f f i r m s

t h a t C h r i s t w as b o r n o f M ary w i t h o u t a n y p r e j u d ic e t o h e r

4 4 J u d it h 1 3 : 1 4 .

I b i d . , 1 6 : 7 .

v i r g i n i t y . She w as t h e o n ly human p a r e n t , c o n c e i v in g b y

t h e pow er o f th e H o ly S p i r i t . ^ T h is d iv in e m a t e r n i t y o f

th e V ir g in M ary w as a f f ir m e d b y th e t h i r d e c u m e n ic a l47

c o u n c i l h e l d i n E p h esu s i n 4 5 1 .

7 5 . T h is u n io n o f t h e tw o n a t u r e s i n C h r i s t , human and

d i v i n e , i s c a l l e d th e H y p o s ta t ic U n ion*

C h r i s t i s t r u e God an d t r u e m an, c o n s u b s t a n t i a l w it h t h e F a th e r a c c o r d in g t o t h e g o d h e a d , c o n - s u b s t a n t i a l w i t h u s a c c o r d in g t o h i s h u m a n ity .The tw o n a t u r e s a re i n s e p a r a b ly u n i t e d , w ith o u t c o n f u s io n ; t h e y do n o t l o s e t h e i r d i s t i n c t i o n b y t h e i r u n io n , b u t w h at i s p r o p e r t o e a ch i s c o n s e r v e d ; b u t^ th e y a r e u n i t e d i n on e p e r so n and o n e s u b s t a n c e . ^

7 6 , in d e o m n is iam d iu a c a r o e s t : w hen C h r i s t assum ed

human n a t u r e , m a n k in d , b y t h a t v e r y a c t , becam e a p a r t i

c i p a t o r i n H is d i v i n e n a t u r e .

To do t h i s . He (God) s e n t H is S o n , t h e Word o f God, Who i n som e w ay sum s up a l l t h i n g s i n H im s e l f , th e new Adam from w h ose f u l l n e s s we a r e a l l t o r e c e i v e o u r new l i f e . The Son s e n d s H is H o ly S p i r i t i n t o th e s o u l o f e a c h C h r i s t i a n . When th e H o ly S p i r i t d w e l l s t h e r e i n He d raw s i n t o th e s o u l t h e P e r s o n o f t h e S o n , an d th e Son i n tu r n draw s t h e F a th e r .I t i s b y t h i s i n d w e l l i n g o f t h e H o ly S p i r i t s e n t b y t h e Son t h a t we a r e made a d o p te d - th r o u g h r e a l - so n s o f G od.^^

^ A t t w a t e r , o £ . c i t . , p . 5 4 8 .

I b i d . , p . 1 8 1 .

4® I b i d . . p . 255

49 M. E ugene B o y la n , T he M y s t i c a l B od y , p . 3 1 .

7 8 . uerbum : th e term u se d b y S t . Joh n t o d e s ig n a t e50

C h r i s t , t h e Son o f God.

8 2 . i l l e m an et quod sem per e r a t ; C h r i s t b y a ssu m in g

human n a tu r e d id n o t l o s e H is d i v i n i t y .

A f t e r t h e Word had becom e f l e s h , h u m a n ity and d i v i n i t y w ere n e v e r a g a in t o b e s e p a r a t e d fro m o n e a n o t h e r . N o t o n l y w o u ld t h e i r i n d i s s o l u b l e u n io n be m a in ta in e d i n C h r i s t ’ s own p e r s o n ; b u t th e r e c o n c i l i a t i o n b e tw e e n God and man t h a t he had e f f e c t e d w as t o b e c o n t in u e d i n h i s f o l l o w e r s th r o u g h o u t t h e a g e s . 5 1

8 6 . c a e l e s t l a ; T e r t u l l i a n i s t h e f i r s t a u th o r t o

a s s o c i a t e t h i s w ord w i t h th e id e a p e r t a i n in g t o t h e

C h r i s t ia n €k>d.^®

8 8 . p o s t M ariam : a f t e r M ary g a v e b i r t h t o C h r i s t , He

b y H is l i f e , H is P a s s i o n , and H is d e a th " tr iu m p h ed o v e r

S a ta n and o v e r s i n . He won f o r c a p t i v e h u m a n ity . . . an53

i n f i n i t e t r e a s u r y o f g r a c e and o f l i f e d i v i n e ."

8 9 . t u p r in c e p s ad m o r t i s i t e r : s o u l s f o l l o w i n g L u st

a s t h e i r l e a d e r w i l l e x p e r ie n c e s p i r i t u a l d e a th .

9 0 . T a r t a r s : C h a s t i t y c o n s ig n s L u s t t o T a r t a r u s , t h e

i n f e r n a l r e g i o n s o f c l a s s i c a l m y th o lo g y e q u i v a l e n t t o

John 1 : 1 - 1 4 .

Graham, o £ . c i t . . p . 2 9 5 .

52 S i s t e r A n g e la E l i z a b e t h K een a n , T h a s c i C a e c i l i C y p r ia n i de H a b itu V ir g in u m . p . 7 3 .

55 A n g er , o £ . c i t . . p . 2 3 4 .

h e l l . ^ ^

Ave m o : a l a k e i n O am pania n o t e d f o r i t s s u l

p h u ro u s and m e p h i t ic v a p o r s , w h ic h g a v e r i s e t o t h e b e l i e f55t h a t i t w as th e e n tr a n c e t o t h e i n f e r n a l r e g i o n s .

56Through i t A en ea s i s s a i d t o h ave e n t e r e d t h e lo w e r

w o r ld .

9 7 . su o . . . r e g i ; A - e . , C h r i s t .

9 9 - 1 0 0 . g la d iu m i n l o r d a n i s i n u n d is a b l u i t ; t h e Jord an

p r e s e n t s a t w o - f o l d s i g n i f i c a n c e : a sym b ol o f b a p t is m , and

an e n t r a n c e t o th e p r o m ise d la n d . As th e sw ord i s c le a n s e d

from i t s d e f i l e m e n t b y b e in g d ip p e d i n t o t h e w a t e r s o f t h e

J o r d a n , s o , t o o , i s m an’ s s o u l p u r i f i e d from s i n i n 57B a p tism . As th e Jew s e n t e r e d th e p r o m ise d la n d th r o u g h

58t h e J o r d a n , so i s t h e C h r i s t i a n , in c o r p o r a t e d i n t o C h r is t

th r o u g h B a p tis m , in t r o d u c e d i n t o t h e k ingdom o f G od, w h ic h59t h e p r o m ise d la n d p r e f ig u r e d .

1 0 5 . b a P t i s m a t e : a d i p p i n g o r p l u n g i n g i n t o t h e w a t e r .

5^ H a r p e r , C l a s s i c a l A n t i q u i t i e s , p . 1 5 2 7 .

I b i d . , p . 9 7 1 .

A en. 6 : 2 5 6 - 2 6 5 .57 A n g er , o £ . c i t . . p . 4 5 .

58 J o s . 5 : 1 7 .

5^ A n g er , l o c . c i t .

I n i t s r e l i g i o u s m ea n in g i t d e s i g n a t e s t h e sa c ra m e n t o f

B a p tism .

1 0 7 . d i v i n i f o n t i s : i . e . , C h r i s t . As C h a s t i t y h a s

d e d ic a t e d h e r v i c t o r i o u s w eapon t o t h e a l t a r , so th e s o u l

o f man s h o u ld draw c l o s e t o C h r i s t who h a s s a i d , " I f an y60

man t h i r s t , l e t him come t o m e, and d r i n k .”

T h ir d Combat

In t h i s com bat P a t ie n c e b y h e r t r a n q u i l i t y d r i v e s

A n g er , h e r a d v e r s a r y , t o s e l f - d e s t r u c t i o n ( 1 0 9 - 1 7 7 ) .

1 0 9 . P a t i e n t i a : on e o f t h e tw e lv e s p i r i t u a l f r u i t s o f

th e H o ly S p i r i t w h ic h s t r e n g t h e n s th e s o u l t o b e a r th e

t r i a l s o f t h i s l i f e w i t h r e s i g n a t i o n i n s t e a d o f g i v i n g w ay 61t o s a d n e s s . I t i s th e v i r t u e w h ic h a i d s th e s o u l t o

r e t a i n i t s e q u i l ib r iu m i n t h e f a c e o f a d v e r s i t y . Thus d id

t h e m a r t y r s , f o r t i f i e d b y t h i s v i r t u e , r e j o i c e a t t h e

t h r e a t o f p e r s e c u t i o n s and t h e s i g h t o f t o r t u r e s .

1 1 1 . D i l l s : t h e j a v e l i n w a s a s h o r t and v e r y h e a v y

s p e a r w h i c h w a s h u r l e d i n t o e n e m y r a n k s b e f o r e c l o s i n g i n

o n t h e m .

1 1 3 . I r a tu m en s: u n c o n t r o l l e d A n g er , on e o f th e s e v e n

50 John 7 : 3 8 .

A t t w a t e r , o £ . c i t . , p . 3 9 1 .

5 2 H a r p e r , C l a s s i c a l A n t i q u i t i e s , p . 6 5 1 .

d e a d ly v i c e s dem and ing e x t e r n a l e x p r e s s i o n i n t h e i n

f l i c t i o n o f p u n ish m en t o u t o f p r o p o r t io n t o a r e a l o r63im a g in a r y o f f e n c e •

1 1 3 -1 7 • F r u d e n t iu s d i s p l a y s h e r e a m a s t e r y o v e r m sr d s

w h ic h h e b le n d s and s h a p e s t o p a in t t h i s r e a l i s t i c p i c t u r e

o f A n g er . One o f t h e many e c h o e s o f V e r g i l i a n i n f l u e n c e ,6 4t h i s p a s s a g e r e c a l l s V e r g i l ’ s d e s c r i p t i o n o f Amata and o f

D ido.® ®

1 2 4 . l o r i c a e : th e l e a t h e r n c o r s e l e t o f th e Roman

l e g i o n a r y w as made o f th o n g s o f s h o e - l e a t h e r p la c e d o v e r

m e t a l . I h e s e , f a s t e n e d on e o v e r th e o t h e r form ed t h e

p r o t e c t i o n f o r t h e b o d y . The m ore w e a l t h y o f t h e e a r l y

c i t i z e n s o l d i e r s a l s o w ore c o a t s o f c h a in arm our w i t h m e t a l

p la t e s .^ ® N o te t h a t F r u d e n t iu s g a r b s P a t ie n c e (1 2 5 -1 2 7 )

and C on cord (6 7 0 -6 8 0 ) i n t h i s r e e n f o r c e d arm ou r.

1 4 3 . c h a lv b e m : from t h e G re ek . The G h a ly b e s w ere a

p e o p le i n P o n t u s , n o t e d f o r t h e i r m in e s and t h e i r p r e

p a r a t io n o f s t e e l . H e n c e , c h a lv b s - y b i s . m. s t e e l .

1 6 5 . nam p ro x im u s l o b ; J o b , t h e s c r i p t u r a l b e a c o n -

A t t w a t e r , o ^ . c i t . , p . 2 4 .

A en. 7 : 3 9 9 .

I b i a . , 4 : 6 4 3 .

®® H a r p e r , C l a s s i c a l A n t i q u i t i e s . p . 9 6 7 .

l i g h t o f P a t i e n c e i n th e f a c e o f m a t e r i a l and p h y s i c a l67t r i a l s s e n t him b y God, a s t o r y w h ic h h a s i n t r i g u e d th e

m ind o f man a t a l l t i m e s . The B i b l i c a l a c c o u n t i s a s tu d y

. . . t h e p ro b lem o f e v i l , a d i s q u i s i t i o n on t h e r e a s o n o f s u f f e r i n g , an a t te m p t t o s o l v e t h e r i d d l e s o f s i n , p a i n , and p u n ish m e n t. . . .I t i s t r u e , th e p rim e p ro b lem t r e a t e d i s n o t s o lv e d ; t h e m y s te r y o f th e p r e s e n c e o f e v i l i n God’ s c r e a t i o n s t i l l r e m a in s a m y s t e r y . B ut i t i s a l s o i n d i c a t e d t h a t man h a s e v id e n c e . . . t o j u s t i f y h i s p l a c in g h i s u t t e r t r u s t i n t h e D i v i n i t y , no m a t t e r w h at v i c i s s i t u d e s m ay b e f a l l , s i n c e t h e A lm ig h ty e a s i l y c o n t r o l s a l l p ow ers o f n a t u r e , ’’P la y in g i n t h e w o r ld ” ( P r o v . 8 : 3 1 ) . - g T h is t r u s t in God i s th e p r a c t i c a l c o n c l u s i o n .

1 6 4 . i n u i c t a e . . . m a g is t r a e : , P a t i e n c e .

1 6 9 . d i u a : a p agan r a t h e r th a n a C h r i s t i a n e p i t h e t .

The u se o f t h i s te r m r e c a l l s t h e d e i f i c a t i o n o f A u g u stu s

C a e s a r . At h i s d e a th t h e s e n a t e d e c r e e d d iv in e h o n o u r s t o69him u n d er t h e t i t l e o f D iv u s A u g u s tu s . C l o s e l y a l l i e d t o

t h e id e a o f th e d e v e lo p m en t o f t h e d i v i n i t y o f Roman

em p ero rs i s t h e c u l t o f d e i f i e d a b s t r a c t i o n s w h ic h in c lu d e d

F o r tu n e . V i c t o r i a . P a x . C o n c o r d ia . F é l i c i t a s . S a l u s . a70g r o u p c a p a b le o f u n l im i t e d e x p a n s io n . ^

J o b , p a s s im .

R e v . John-M ary S im on , O .S .M ., A S c r ip t u r a l M a n u a l. I , 3 7 7 f .

T a y lo r , o p . c i t . . p . 2 2 9 .

' 0 Ib id ., p. 245.

1 7 1 . n e c lam p e r i t u r a r e f e r r e : P a t i e n c e i s t e l l i n g Job

t o r e p la c e th e l o s s o f h i s p e r i s h a b le m a t e r i a l p o s s e s s i o n s

w it h t h e s p i r i t u a l w e a l t h d e r iv e d from th e t r i a l s and

t e m p t a t io n s n o b ly b o r n e . He i s t o am ass r i c h e s n o t f o r

t i m e , b u t f o r e t e r n i t y .

1 7 2 . H a v in g d i s p la y e d h e r i n t r i n s i c w o r th , P a t ie n c e

l e n d s h e r a s s i s t a n c e t o h e r s i s t e r v i r t u e s , f o r s h e , t h e i r

in d i s p e n s a b le a l l y , i s m in d fu l t h a t ”In y o u r p a t i e n c e you71s h a l l p o s s e s s y o u r s o u l s . ”

F o u r th Combat

P r i d e , m ak in g an im p o s in g e n t r a n c e on h e r s p i r i t e d

c h a r g e r ( 1 7 9 - 2 0 5 ) , h a u g h t i l y a d d r e s s e s H u m il i t y ( 2 0 6 -2 5 2 )

w h o , a id e d b y H op e, d e s t r o y s h e r t a u n t e r , who i s t r i c k e d

and h u r le d t o h e r d e a th b y D e c e i t ( 2 5 3 - 3 0 9 ) .

1 7 8 . S u p e r b !a ; P r i d e , t h e m o st h id d e n and d e e p ly

r o o t e d o f t h e v i c e s , h a s b e e n c l a s s i f i e d a s t h e m o st d e a d ly

and d e v a s t a t i n g o f a l l . O pposed t o H u m il i t y , sh e r e v e a l s

h e r s e l f in t h r e e w a y s: ” (a ) C ontem pt f o r l a w f u l a u t h o r i t y ;

(b ) co n tem p t f o r e q u a l s and i n f e r i o r s ; ( c ) d e s i r e t o s u r -, .7 2

p a s s o n e ’ s e q u a l s . ”

T h is e n tr a n c e o f P r i d e , p lu m in g h e r s e l f on h e r

Luke 2 1 : 1 9 .

A t t w a t e r , o p . c i t . . p . 423

m i l i t a r y g l o r y , i s an exam p le o f F r u d e n t iu s ’ f a v o r i t e

d e v ic e o f c o n t a m in a t io n .

. . . F r u d e n t iu s r e s o r t s t o c o n ta m in a t io n o f V e r g i l i a n m a t e r i a l n o t o n ly f o r m a r t ia l c o l o r i n g b u t a l s o f o r p a r t s o f s c e n e s su ch a s t h a t i n P s . 1 9 0 s q q . , w h ic h d e s c r i b e s S u p e r b ia ’ s r e s t l e s s w a r - s t e e d r e s i s t i n g t h e t ig h t - d r a w n r e i n and s w e r v in g h i t h e r and t h i t h e r (O f . A en . 4 , 1 3 5 ;1 1 , 599 s q q . ; G eo. 3 , 3 0 8 s q . ) . D i f f e r e n t s e c t i o n s o f t h e A e n e id p r o v id e m a t t e r and form f o r t h e c a u s t i c s p e e c h o f S u p e r b ia w hen sh e b e h o ld s t h e s o r r y eq u ip m en t o f h e r a d v e r s a r y M ens H u m ilis ( P s . 305 sq q . ) . H er h a u g h ty w ord s on t h a t o c c a s i o n r e f l e c t th e s p i r i t o f t h e t a u n t w h ic h T urnus a d d r e s s e d t o t h e b e le a g u e r e d T r o ja n s i n A en . 9 , 600 sq q . and a l s o c o n t a in tw o l e t t e r - p e r f e c t b o r r o w in g s from t h a t p a s s a g e . In te r w o v e n i n th e same sp e e c h o f S u p e r b ia i s a r e m in is c e n c e o f J u n o ’ s rem ark s r e l a t i v e t o th e T r o ja n s who ’’s e t t h e i r yok e upon th e f i e l d s o f o t h e r s ” ( c f . A en . 1 0 , 77 s q . )

1 8 3 . t u r r i t urn t o r t i s c a p u t a d c u m u la r a t: Roman women

fa v o r e d a s im p le mode o f h a i r d r e s s d u r in g th e e a r l y d a y s

o f th e R e p u b l ic , a s t y l e w h ic h seem ed t o c a r r y o v e r t o t h e

lu x u r io u s d a y s o f t h e E m p ire . B ut C h r i s t ia n w r i t e r s i n

t h e i r s e v e r e i n v e c t i v e s a g a i n s t e x tr e m e s in f a s h io n a b le

h e a d - d r e s s i n d i c a t e t h a t a f f e c t a t i o n r a t h e r th a n m o d e s ty

w as t h e g e n e r a l r u l e . C lem en t o f A le x a n d r ia w as i n t o l e r a n t

o f ’’t r e c h e r o u s b r a i d i n g . ” T e r t u l l i a n u r g e d m o d e r a t io n .

Jerom e i n on e o f h i s l e t t e r s d e s c r i b e s a h a i r s t y l e

s i m i l a r t o F r u d e n t iu s ’ ”o m a r e c r in e m e t a l i e n i s c a p i l l i s

73 M ahoney, o p . c i t . . p p . 78 f .

12674t u r r l t i m u e r t ic e m s t r u e r e . ”

1 8 4 . c r i n l b u s : in c l a s s i c a l L a t in o r i n e s i s th e m ore

g e n e r a l te r m , w h e r e a s c a p i l l u s r e f e r s t o th e h a i r o f th e

h e a d . Coma and o r in e s a r e u se d f r e q u e n t l y i n p o e t r y and i n

p r o s e o f th e S i l v e r p e r io d .

1 8 7 . p a l l a ; t h i s lo n g and w id e u p p er garm en t w orn b y

Roman l a d i e s h a s b e e n t h e s u b j e c t o f much c o n t r o v e r s y . I t

w as u s u a l l y made o f w o o l , b u t i t i s q u i t e p o s s i b l e t h a t

c o t t o n and l i n e n w ere u s e d f o r summer w e a r . I t s p a t t e r n

seem s t o i n d i c a t e t h a t i t i s a s u r v i v a l o f th e p r i m i t i v e

b l a n k e t , w h ic h i s t h e b a s i s o f a l l g a r m e n ts n o t c u t and75sew ed t o f i t th e b o d y .

1 9 7 . cuneum : a w e d g e ; h e n c e , a n y th in g r e s e m b lin g a

w e d g e , a s a num ber o f s o l d i e r s p la c e d i n t h e form o f a

w e d g e .

1 9 9 . M ens H u m il i s : h u m i l i t y . I t i s t h a t C h r i s t i a n

v i r t u e o p p o se d t o a r r o g a n t and s u p e r c i l i o u s P r id e w h ic h

p rom p ts i t s p o s s e s s o r t o r e a l i z e h i s t r u e p o s i t i o n w i t h

r e s p e c t t o God and h i s f e l l o w m en . I n i t s e x t e r n a l

e x p r e s s io n i t g u a r d s a g a i n s t im m od erate s e I f - a b j e c t i o n a s

t r u e v i r t u e d o e s n o t r e q u ir e a man t o d e p r e c i a t e h i s

K een a n , o p . c i t . . p p . 105 f ,7*5

W ils o n , p p . c i t . . p p . 148 f

12776a b i l i t y a g a i n s t h i s k n o w le d g e .

2 0 0 . n e c s a t p a r a t u : t h e in n e r m ea n in g i n d i c a t e s t h a t

H u m il i t y i s c o n s c io u s o f th e l a c k o f p r o p o r t io n b e tw e e n h e r

own p o w ers and th e m a g n itu d e o f t h e t a s k a t h a n d . T h is ,

b a s e d on an h o n e s t e s t i m a t e o f h e r own l i m i t a t i o n s , e n a b le s

h e r t o s e e w h at sh e c a n n o t do a l o n e , and t h u s p r e v e n t s h e r

from a t t e m p t in g th e i m p o s s i b l e . T h e r e f o r e , sh e s e e k s t h e

a s s i s t a n c e o f o t h e r s i n th e p erform em ce o f a t a s k r e q u i r i n g

more s t r e n g t h th a n h e r n a tu r e p o s s e s s e s .

2 1 0 . Spem; a s o n e o f th e t h e o l o g i c a l v i r t u e s , Hope i s

t h a t d i s p o s i t i o n o f th e s o u l w h ic h e n a b le s i t t o t e n d

to w a rd God a s i t s l a s t end and to w a r d a l l t h e m ea n s ,

s p i r i t u a l an d t e m p o r a l , n e c e s s a r y t o th e a t t a in m e n t o f t h a t

e n d ." "

2 0 2 . The m ea n in g h e r e se em s t o b e t h a t t h e ab od e o f

Hope i s on h ig h i n t h e e t e r n a l k in gdom w h ere sh e w i l l

p o s s e s s t h e g o a l o f h e r d e s i r e s , God. T h it h e r , d o e s sh e

l i f t m an’ s m o ra l and i n t e l l e c t u a l l i f e t o a s u p e r n a t u r a l

p l a n e .

2 0 6 - 1 5 . P r id e c h a l l e n g e s H op e’ s b o ld n e s s i n in v a d in g h e r

t e r r i t o r y , t h a t i s , m an, a s s e r t i n g h e r c la im from t h e f a l l

76 A t t w a t e r , o p . p i t . , p . 2 5 3 .

"" I b i d . . p . 2 5 0 .

o f Adam,

2 1 5 . M arte ; w a r , by m etonym y.

d u r o s . . . c o l o n o s ; , P r id e emd h e r com

p a n io n s .

2 1 6 - 1 9 . P r id e b o a s t s o f h e r d o m in a tio n o f m an, w h ic h ,

d e s t r o y in g h i s o r i g i n a l p e r f e c t i o n , a f f e c t s h i s e v e r y

a c t i o n .

2 2 5 . dom us: , t h e b o d y and s o u l o f m an.

d o m in i; i . e . , P r id e and h e r s i s t e r v i c e s .

2 2 4 . e x quo . . : w i t h t h e s i n o f Adam v i r t u e w as

s u p p la n te d i n h i s s o u l b y P r id e and t h e o t h e r e v i l s .

p la sm a nouum : i . e . , Adam.

p a r a d i s i ; i n e c c l e s i a s t i c a l L a t i n , b y s p e c i a l

i z a t i o n , t h i s r e f e r s t o th e G arden o f E den . S t . Thomas

78A c q u in a s , f o l l o w i n g t h e b i b l i c a l a c c o u n t , p l a c e s i t

som ew here i n th e E a s t , a c c o r d in g i t an e q u a b le c l i m a t e .

2 2 6 . Adam; a s h ea d o f th e human r a c e , b i o l o g i c a l l y a s

w e l l a s s p i r i t u a l l y .

. . . T hrough h i s e l e v a t i o n t o t h e s u p e r n a t u r a l o r d e r h e w as c o n s t i t u t e d by God th e spokesm an and a g e n t o f h u m a n ity , j u s t a s b y h i s c r e a t i o n h e w as c o n s t i t u t e d p h y s i c a l h ead o f th e r a c e . GO

1, 560.

G en. 2 .

W a lte r F a r r e l l , A Com panion t o th e Summa.

GO I b i d . . I I , 3 1 0 .

C o n c e r n in g th e p a r t i c i p a t i o n o f th e w h o le human

r a c e i n th e s i n o f Adam, th e C o u n c il o f T r en t d e c la r e d ;

I f a n y o n e s a y s t h a t t h e s i n o f Adam in j u r e d o n ly Adam h i m s e l f and n o t h i s d e s c e n d a n t s ; t h a t l o s i n g th e s a n c t i t y and j u s t i c e h e had r e c e i v e d from Cod h e l o s t them o n ly t o h i m s e l f and n o t t o u s ; o r t h a t th r o u g h t h e s i n o f d i s o b e d ie n c e o n ly d e a th and t h e c o r p o r a l p e n a l t i e s w ere h an d ed down t o th e human r a c e , b u t n o t s i n — l e t him be anath em a.G 1

So Adam r e a p e d t h e f r u i t s o f h i s r e b e l l i o n a g a i n s t

. . • and t h i s w as t h e s t a r t o f t h a t lo n g w ar b e tw e e n t h e f l e s h and t h e s p i r i t w h ich w i l l c o n t i n u e u n t i l th e d e a th o f th e l a s t m an. A lon g w it h t h a t r e b e l l i o n o f s i n came d e a th , l i a b i l i t y t o i n j u r y , c o l d , h u n g e r , s i c k n e s s , and a l l th er e s t o f t h e i l l s o f man; gon e w as t h a t m a g n i f i c e n ts o v e r e i g n t y o v e r th e p h y s i c a l w o r ld t h a t had made t h e f i r s t man so t r u l y t h e lo r d o f th e w o r l d . G2

T h ese f r u i t s no d e s c e n d a n t o f Adam’ s e s c a p e s , th e

B le s s e d V ir g in M ary e x c e p t e d , th r o u g h t h e p r i v i l e g e o f h e r83

Im m a cu la te C o n c e p t io n .

2 3 6 . Be I l o n a ; known i n e a r l y L a t in a s D u e l lo n a . An

o l d I t a l i a n d i v i n i t y , p r o b a b ly o f S a b in e o r i g i n , sh e w as

t h e g o d d e s s o f w a r , b e in g lo o k e d upon a s t h e s i s t e r o f

M ars.® ^

F a r r e l l , o p . c i t . . I I , 3 0 8 .

I b i d . . I l l , 4 6 7 .

P ie t r o P a r e n t e , D io t io n a r v o f D o a n a tlo T h e o lo g y , p . 1 5 2 .

H a r p e r , O l a s s i o a l A n t i q u i t i e s , p . 2 0 3 .

2 4 0 . M a y o rs; a r c h a ic an d p o e t i c f o r M a rs, god o f War.

2 4 2 . I n t h e s e v e r s e s P r id e e x p r e s s e s h e r co n tem p t f o r

t h e v i r t u e s d i a m e t r i c a l l y o p p o se d t o h e r undue s e l f - e s t e e m ;

v i r t u e s W iic h sh e p i c t u r e s a s u n m an ly , r e d u c in g them t o a

p i t i a b l e , e v e n c o n t e m p t ib le c o n d i t i o n . T h ese v i r t u e s w ere

n o t p o p u la r in a p agan w o r ld , and o n e o f th e e a r l y

c a lu m n ie s a g a i n s t th e C h r i s t ia n r e l i g i o n , t h a t i t w as th e

r e l i g i o n o f s l a v e s and w e a k l in g s , w as due t o t h e e m p h a s is 85on h u m i l i t y . Y et C h r i s t i n s i s t e d , i n w ord and a c t i o n ,

on t h e s e m i ld e r v i r t u e s : . . l e a r n o f m e, f o r I am86

m eek and hum ble o f h e a r t . ”

2 5 8 . F ra u 8 ; d e n o t e s a d i s h o n e s t a c t i o n , w h er ea s

f a l l a o i a u s u a l l y r e f e r s t o w o rd s o n l y .

2 6 7 . r e g in a h u m i l i s ; i . ^ . , H u m il i t y .

2 7 0 . a g u e s i l i a ; I . e . , P r i d e .

2 7 4 . T h is c o n t e s t b e tw e e n P r id e and H u m il i t y L e w is

l a b e l s a s an ”unhappy o n e ” b e c a u s e o f t h e n e e d o f H u m ili ty

t o tem p er h e r tr iu m p h w i t h m o d e s ty .

The unhappy p o e t , t o r n b e tw e en t h e e p i c fo r m u la and th e a l l e g o r i c a l m e a n in g , c a n o n ly e x p la in t h a t sh e tr iu m p h s m o d e s t ly . . . . I n th e end S p e s h a s t o com e t o t h e a s s i s t a n c e o f M ens H u m il i s . t o d i s p a t c h t h e f a l l e n en em y, and t o

GG F a r r e l l , o p . c i t . . I l l , 4 6 3 .

M a tth . 1 1 : 2 9 .

u p l i f t o v e r h e r b od y t h e b eo tw o rd w h ic h e p ic u sa g e d em a n d s.G”

The c r i t i c i s m g iv e n a b ove i s w e l l fo u n d e d b u t i t

m ay be p a r t i a l l y con d on ed b y c o n s id e r in g t h e e s s e n c e o f

H u m ili ty w hose t r u e n a tu r e i s c h a r a c t e r i s t i c a l l y m arked b y

s u b j e c t i o n , w i t h n o t h in g o f d e f e a t i s m i n i t , h ow ever* As

i s b e f i t t i n g h e r n a t u r e . H u m il i t y c o m p lie s w i t h t h e w ord s

o f e n c o u r a g em en t p r o f f e r e d b y H ope, l e a v i n g t o t h e l a t t e r

th e f i n a l n o te o f v i c t o r y . T hey a r e n o t r i v a l c la im a n t s

b u t e a c h i s an in t im a t e p a r t o f t h e s p i r i t u a l man* Thus

d o e s H u m il i t y , on e o f t h e m o ra l v i r t u e s , su b m it t o H ope,

th e se c o n d i n o r d e r o f t h e t h e o l o g i c a l v i r t u e s .

285* f r a n g i t D eus omne superbum : . . f o r God88r e s i s t e t h th e p r o u d , b u t t o t h e hum ble he g i v e t h g r a c e *”

2 9 0 . s c a n d e r e c e l s a h u m i le s : "And w h o so e v e r s h a l l

e x a l t h i m s e l f s h a l l be h u m bled; euid he t h a t s h a l l hum ble8 9

h i m s e l f s h a l l be e x a l t e d . ”

2 9 1 . G o l ia n : th e P h i l i s t i n e g i a n t s l a i n b y t h e b o y

D a v id .

2 9 2 . p u e r i l i s ; i . e . , D a v id .

1 P e t e r 5 :5 *

C. S . L e w is , A l l e g o r y o f L o v e , p . 7088

M a tth . 2 3 : 1 2 .

1 Kings 17:41-54.

2 9 9 . b e l l a t o r ; i . e . , G o l ia t h .

3 0 0 . i l l e . . . p u e r ; i , D a v id . Hope a t t r i b u t e s

D a v id ’ s e x t e r n a l v i c t o r y t o h i s i n t e r n a l a d v a n ce i n v i r t u e .

3 0 1 . f l o r e n t e s an im os s u r sum i n mea r e g n a t e t e n d i t ;

t h i s r e c a l l s D a v id ’ s e x p r e s s i o n o f h i s t r u s t i n God.

And D a v id s a id ; The Lord who d e l i v e r e d me o u t o f t h e paw o f th e l i o n , and o u t o f t h e paw o f th e b e a r , he w i l l d e l i v e r me o u t o f t h e hand o f t h i s P h i l i s t i n e

3 0 6 . V ir g o ; i . e . , H ope. The d e p a r tu r e o f Hope f o r

h ea v en i s w i t n e s s e d b y th e m o r a l v i r t u e s who a l s o h a v e God

f o r t h e i r en d ; s i n c e t h e i r im m ed ia te t a s k i s u n co m p le te d

t h e y m u st n e e d s rem a in in th e u n iv e r s e t o a c t a s l e a d e r s

i n t h e c o n f l i c t . A s o u l g u id e d by them i s arm ed w it h pow er

t o h a n d le c r e a t e d t h i n g s , i t s e l f , said a l l t h a t a f f e c t s i t s

w e l l b e in g so a s t o a t t a i n i t s r e w a r d s .

3 0 9 . su a p r a e m ia ; c o n s c io u s o f th e m a g n itu d e o f th e

c o n f l i c t , t h e V i r t u e s a r e f o r t i f i e d b y th e k n o w led g e t h a t

u n d er th e m a n tle o f G od’ s p r o t e c t i o n a l l t h i n g s a r e

p o s s i b l e . U n dism ayed b y th e h a r d s h ip s i n v o l v e d , t h e y lo o k

b eyon d t h e p r e s e n t d i f f i c u l t i e s t o t h o s e r e w a r d s p r o m ise d

b y o u r Lord t o t h o s e who f i g h t u n d er H is steu xd ard . S t .

P a u l , w r i t i n g o f t h e s e r e w a r d s , w h ich a r e d i s t i n c t from

s a l v a t i o n , h a s s a i d ; ’’T hat e y e h a th n o t s e e n n o r e a r

1 Klnga 17:37

h e a r d , n e i t h e r h a th i t e n te r e d i n t o t h e h e a r t o f m an, w h at92

t h i n g s God h a th p r e p a r e d f o r them t h a t l o v e h im .”

F i f t h Combat

Of th e s e v e n com b ats L e w is deem s t h i s on e t h e b e s t

a s " i t l e n d s th e com bat a f a i n t c o lo u r o f d r a m a tic i n - 93t e r e s t . ” L u xu ry , r i c h l y a t t i r e d a s sh e r i d e s t o b a t t l e ,

com es n e a r g a in in g th e v i c t o r y ( 3 1 0 - 3 4 3 ) . S o b r i e t y , how

e v e r , a l e r t e d t o h e r com p an ion s* c o n d i t i o n , o f f e r s h e r s e l f

a s t h e i r l e a d e r , a n d , u n d er t h e b an n er o f t h e G r o s s , w in s

t h e f r a y ( 3 4 4 - 4 5 3 ) .

3 1 0 . o o o i d u i s : th e e x a c t i n t e r p r e t a t i o n i s a m a t t e r o f

d i s p u t e , a s L uxury i s u s u a l l y sp o k en o f a s com in g from t h e9 4e a s t . G lo v e r i s o f th e o p in io n t h a t Rome i s m e a n t.

” . . . L u xu ry ’com in g from t h e W e st’ ( c l e a r l y Rome) h a s a l l

t h e a i r o f t h a t Roman lu x u r y o f l i c e n s e d e s c r ib e d b y Jerom e95

and Ammianus M a r c e l l in u s . . . ”

3 1 8 . l i t u o s : a c r o o k e d w in d in s tr u m e n t u se d t o g iv e

s i g n a l s i n w ar .

t e n e n t i a . . . p o c u la ; warm w a te r w as o f t e n u se d

1 P a u l 2 : 9 .

L e w is , o £ . c i t . . p . 7 0 .

H. J . Thom pson, F r u d e n t iu s . p . 3 0 0 .

9® G lo v e r , o p . c i t . . p . 2 6 4 .

13496t o d i l u t e t h e w in e .

3 2 5 . am ento : f u r n is h e d w i t h a s t r a p o r th o n g ,

e s p e c i a l l y ad d ed t o th e m id d le o f a j a v e l i n so t h a t i t

m ig h t be th row n w i t h g r e a t e r f o r c e .

fram eam : an o ld German w ord d e n o t in g a s p e a r o r

j a v e l i n u s e d by th e EUioient G erm ans. In l a t e L a t in i t

i n d i c a t e s a sw ord .

3 2 7 . c a l a t h o s : a G reek w ord f o r a b a s k e t n arrow a t t h e97b o tto m b u t w id e a t t h e t o p .

3 4 3 . g a n e a r im : a n t i - O l a s s i c a l ; an e a t i n g h o u s e ,98b r o t h e l o r baw dy h o u se h e ld i n bad r e p u t e .

3 4 5 . S o b r i e t a s : t h e m o r a l v i r t u e e f f e c t i n g c o n t r o l

and m o d e r a te u se o f f a c u l t i e s .

3 4 7 . u e x i l lu m su b lim e c r u c i s : t h i s i s t h e G ro ss o f

C h r i s t , u s e d a s a sym b ol o f th e v i c t o r y o f C h r i s t i a n i t y .

I t i s t h e tr iu m p h a n t c r o s s o f th e la b a r u m . t h e monogram . . . w h ic h C o n s ta n t in e made Rome ’ s s t a n d a r d , to w h ic h t h e d r a g o n - f l a g s , so o f t e n fo u n d i n C la u d ia n and Ammianus and e l s e w h e r e , h a v e t o bow .^^

3 4 8 . d u x ; i , . e . , S o b r ie t y : m o d e r a t io n i n word and

d e e d .

9^ H a rp er , C l a s s i c a l A n t i q u i t i e s , p . 1 6 6 2 .

I b i d . , p . 2 5 2 .

I b i d . , p . 7 1 4 .

G lo v e r , 0 £ . P i t . , p . 2 6 5 .

3 5 1 . Now b e g in s t h e l e n g t h y b u t f o r c e f u l a d d r e s s o f

S o b r ie t y i n w h ic h sh e r em in d s h e r t r o o p s o f t h e i r n o b le

h e r i t a g e a s c h i l d r e n o f God. Thus sh e r e e n k in d le s t h e i r

l o y a l t y and s t r e n g t h e n s t h e i r a l l e g i a n c e t o t h e s ta n d a r d o f

C h r i s t .

3 6 9 . nardum : t h i s w as c o n s id e r e d t h e q u een o f p e r

fu m e s . G en u ine n a r d w as im p o r te d from th e H im alayan

r e g io n s o f I n d ia ; e v e r y p a r t o f th e p l a n t — r o o t , s t a l k ,

l e a v e s , f r u i t — commanded a h ig h p r i c e .

3 6 0 - 6 1 . The a p p l i c a t i o n o f o i l in t h e s i g n o f t h e c r o s s t o

p e r s o n s i s a u sa g e i n t h e C hurch from t h e e a r l i e s t t im e s .

S o b r i e t y i s r e m in d in g h e r com rad es o f t h e i r s i n g u l a r

o b l i g a t i o n now t h a t t h e y h ave b e e n s ig n e d w it h t h e " k in g ly

a n o i n t i n g . ” H a v in g b e e n t h u s e n l i s t e d i n t h e arm y o f

C h r i s t , sh e w arns them a g a i n s t t h e s n a r e s o f t h e enem y.

3 6 1 . c h r is m a : a m ix tu r e o f o l i v e o i l and b a lsa m , c o n

s e c r a t e d b y a b i s h o p . A n o in t in g w it h c h r is m i n th e s a c r a

m en t o f C o n f ir m a t io n s i g n i f i e s th e f u l l n e s s and d i f f u s i o n

o f g r a c e .

The o i l s i g n i f i e s t h e g r a c e o f t h e H o ly S p i r i t , w h ic h g i v e s t o t h e C h r i s t ia n s t r e n g t h emd e a s e .. . . The b a lsa m b e s p e a k s t h a t sw e e t o d o r w h ic h o u r v i r t u e s g i v e f o r t h , a t t r a c t i n g s o u l s t o C h r i s t , o u r C h ie f . . . . The m ark o f t h e c r o s s , t r a c e d w i t h t h e s a c r e d c h r is m , i s im p o sed th e

^00 P l i n y , N a tu r a l H i s t o r y . X t l , 2 6 .

Name o f t h e T h ree D iv in e P e r s o n s , f o r t h e c r o s s i s t h e s ta n d a r d , t h e b a n n e r o f C h r i s t , a n d , t o g e t h e r w it h t h e H o ly T r i n i t y , i t i s t h e sum o f t h a t f a i t h w h ic h m ust be d e fe n d e d . Upon t h e fo r e h e a d i t i s t r a c e d , f o r t h e m ark o f a s o l d i e r sh o u ld be s e e n b y a l l m en .^ G l

3 6 2 . syrm a te ; C lem en t o f A le x a n d r ia h a s w r i t t e n a t

l e n g t h on t h e k in d o f d r e s s t h a t C h r i s t i a n s c o n s id e r e d

w o r l d l y . Among t h e c e n s u r e s a r e t h e o s t e n t a t i o u s d i s p l a y102o c c a s io n e d b y g a r m e n ts s w e e p in g t h e g ro u n d .

3 6 3 . s e r ic a q u e . . . p a l l i a ; c o s t l y s i l k s w ere

r e g a r d e d a s u n s u i t a b le f o r C h r i s t i a n s , B o th p agan and

C h r i s t i a n m o r a l i s t s c e n s u r e t h e e x tr a v a g a n t a t ta c h m e n t t o

s i l k a t t i r e . The w r i t i n g s o f H o r a c e , S e n e c a , C lem en t o f

A le x a n d r ia , and Jerom e a r e among t h o s e w h ic h d e c r y th e

f a s h i o n .

s e r i c a : t h i s w ord came i n t o th e L a t in in t h e

f i r s t c e n tu r y A .D . when t h e A u g u sta n w r i t e r s b egan t o

m e n t io n s e r ic u m . t h e t r u e c o s t l y s i l k from C h in a .

. . . A c c o r d in g t o b o th Roman and C h in e s e h i s t o r i c a l r e c o r d s , t h i s s i l k w as l i t e r a l l y w o r th i t s w e ig h t i n g o ld — a pound o f s i l k c o s t i n g a pound o f g o ld . (C f . V o p is c . A u r e l . 4 5 ) At f i r s t , s i l k g a r m e n ts w ere w orn o n ly b y women ( c f . D io G a ss . 43 , 2 4 ) ; men w ere i n f a c t f o r b id d e n t o u s e th em . (O f . T a c . Ann. 2 , 3 3 )

A n g er , o £ . c i t . . p p . 101 f ,

K een an , o p . c i t . . p . 1 0 0 .

1 0 5 I b i d . , p . 1 5 9 .________________

. . . B ut th e la w w a s t r a n s g r e s s e d and l a t e r becam e o b s o l e t e . . . , B u t a t th e t im e o f Jerom e s i l k g a r m e n ts seem t o h a v e b e e n m ore common. Jerom e w r i t e s t h a t o n e who d o e s n o t w ea r a s i l k r o b e i s lo o k e d upon a s a m on k .1 0 4

im m orta lem tu n ic a m : r e f e r s t o t h e " c h a r a c te r "

w h ic h B a p tism im p r in t s on t h e s o u l a d m it t in g t h e r e c i p i e n t

t o m em b ersh ip i n th e C a t h o l i c C h u rch .

. . . One o f t h e e f f e c t s o f B a p tism i s o u r b i r t h t o t h e s u p e r n a tu r a l o r d e r . ♦ . . B a p tis m a l r e g e n e r a t io n m eans t h a t o w in g t o t h e rem o v a l o f s i n b y t h e sa c r a m e n t and t h e i n f u s i o n o f f i r s tg r a c e , t h e s u b j e c t who h a s b egu n t o l i v e b yn a t u r e , now b e g in s t o l i v e s u p e r n a t u r a l ly .^ 0 5

5 6 8 . F a l e m i : F a le r n ia n w in e . The F a le r n ia n t e r r i t o r y

i n Cam pania a t t h e f o o t o f M t. M a s s ic u s w as fam ed f o r i t s

w in e s .

3 7 1 . In t h e f o l l o w i n g v e r s e s S o b r ie t y r e c a l l s b i b l i c a l

e p i s o d e s p o r t r a y in g G o d 's p r o v i d e n t i a l c a r e f o r h i s f a i t h

f u l c h i l d r e n .

3 7 2 . f o n s . . . ( ^ r u p e : t h e R ock o f H breb , from w h ic h

t h e w a v in g w a t e r s g u sh e d f o r t h . "M oses s m it in g t h i s r o c k

i s a t y p e r a t h e r th a n a sym b ol o f t h e w a te r s o f s a l v a t i o n106and H o ly B a p tis m ."

m y s t ic a v i r g a : th e same r o d w h ic h M oses r a i s e d

105K een an , o £ . c i t . . p . 1 3 7

A t t w a t e r , o g . c i t . . p . 4 9 .

p . H. W ebber, C hurch S y m b o lism , p . 6 9 ,

over the Red Sea.

And t h e L ord s a i d t o M o ses: Go b e f o r e th e p e o p le ,. . . and ta k e in t h y hand t h e ro d w h e r e w ith th o u d i d s t s t r i k e t h e r i v e r , and go . . . and th o u S h a lt s t r i k e t h e r o c k , and w a te r s h a l l come o u t o f i t t h a t th e p e o p le may d r in k .

3 7 4 . a n g e l i s c u s n e c i b u s : i , . £ . , t h e m anna.

And w hen t h e c h i ld r e n o f I s r a e l saw i t , t h e y s a id one t o t h e o t h e r : ManhuJ w h ic h s i g n i f i e t h :What i s t h i s ! f o r t h e y knew n o t w h at i t w a s .And M o ses s a i d t o them : T h is i s th e b r e a d vdxicht h e L ord h a th g iv e n yo u t o e a t .^ G S

I s r a e l b e in g f e d b y manna i n t h e w i l d e r n e s s , and

M e lc h is e d e c h b r in g in g fo o d t o Abraham ( p r e f a c e 3 9 - 4 0 ) a r e109O ld T e sta m en t t y p e s o f t h e L a s t S u p p er .

3 7 6 . ^ c o r p o r a O h r i s t i : t h e B le s s e d S a c r a m e n t.

Your f a t h e r s d id e a t meinna i n t h e d e s e r t , and a re d e a d . T h is i s t h e b r e a d w h ic h co m eth down from h e a v e n ; t h a t i f an y man e a t o f i t , h e may n o t d i e . I am t h e l i v i n g b r e a d w h ic h came down from H eaven . I f a n y man e a t o f t h i s b r e a d he s h a l l l i v e f o r e v e r ; and th e b r e a d t h a t I w i l l g i v e , i s my f l e s h , f o r th e l i f e o f t h e w o r ld .^^0

3 8 3 - 4 . n o b i l e lu d a e g erm en : t h e p r o m ise w a s made t o

D a v id , t h e k in g o f t h e t r i b e o f Ju d ah , t h a t t h e M e ss ia h

w ou ld be b o m o f h i s se e d .^ ^ ^

B x o d . 1 7 : 5 - 6 .

I b i d . , 1 6 : 1 5 .

W ebber, 0 £ . c i t . . p . 248

John 6 : 4 9 - 5 2 .

2 K in g s 7 : 1 2 .

d e l g e n e t r ie e m : t h e B l e s s e d V ir g in M ary,

3 8 6 . c e le b e r r im a D a u id : th e g r e a t h e r o o f t h e Jew s and

th e b e s t known p e r so n a g e o f t h e O ld T e s ta m e n t . No on e

s u r p a s s e d h i s pow er o f o r g a n iz in g and l e a d in g a r m ie s o r h i s

p a t i e n c e i n t h e lo n g s e r i e s o f b a t t l e s and s i e g e s b y w h ic h

th e P ro m ised Land w a s c l e a r e d o f i t s e n e m ie s and th e c o n

q u e s t o f C anaan w as c o n s o l i d a t e d . H is k i n g l y q u a l i t i e s ,

o u t s t a n d in g l y g r e a t , w ere n e v e r t h e l e s s , se c o n d a r y t o h i s

p i e t y and d eep a b id in g s e n s e o f t h e p r e s e n c e and pow er o f

God. Though he s in n e d h e r e p e n te d and h i s r e p e n ta n c e drew

him c l o s e r t o God. No o n e r e a l i z e d b e t t e r th a n he t h a t he112owed e v e r y t h in g t o God.

3 8 8 . S a m u e l: ju d g e , p r o p h e t , and k in g -m a k e r o f th e O ld

T e s t a m e n t . ^^5 The i n c i d e n t r e f e r r e d t o i s t h e d i s o b e d ie n c e

o f S a u l . When s e n t t o e x t e r m in a t e th e A m a le k ite s h e sp a r e d

t h e i r k i n g , A g a g , and r e s e r v e d b o o ty f o r h i s m en. T h ese

a c t s w ere c o n t r a r y to t h e t r i b a l la w o f "herem " v d iieh

dem anded t h e u t t e r d e s t r u c t i o n o f an enem y. T h is w as

r e g a r d e d a s an o f f e r i n g to God f o r t h e g r a c e o f t h e c o n -1 1 4q u e s t , t a k in g no p e r s o n a l g a in from i t w h a te v e r .

1 K in g s ; 2 K in g s .

l £ 0 . P i t .

1 Kings 15:1-10.

5 8 9 . r e gem : i . e . ,

140115

3 9 0 . in c I r e umc 1 sum ; u n c ir o u m o is e d . The r i t e o f o i r -116c u m c is io n w as s t r i c t l y e n j o in e d o n A braham 's p r o g e n y .

3 9 2 . i l l e : i . e . , S am u el.

3 9 6 . ^ p a e n l t e t hand n o c e t e r r o r : on e o f t h e c o n

d i t i o n s f o r t h e f o r g i v e n e s s o f s i n i s s i n c e r e r e p e n ta n c e .

3 9 7 . lo n a th a m : J o n a th a n , n o t aw are o f t h e la w o f f a s t

im p o sed b y h i s f a t h e r S a u l , t a s t e d t h e honeycom b.

B u t J o n a th a n had n o t h e a r d w hen h i s f a t h e r a d ju r e d th e p e o p le : and he p u t f o r t h th e end o f th e r o d ,w h ic h he had in h i s h a n d , and d i p t i t i n a h o n ey comb: and he c a r r i e d h i s hand t o h i s m ou th , andh i s eyres w ere o p e n e d .

3 9 9 . r e g n i dum b la n d a u o l u p t a s : t h i s th o u g h t i s p o t

a t a l l i n k e e p in g w i t h th e a c c o u n t o f J o n a th a n .

I t h a s b e e n s u g g e s t e d t h a t F r u d e n t iu s i n l i n e s 3 9 9 and 4 0 0 c o n f u s e s th e s t o r y o f J o n a th a n w it h t h a t o f A b salom ; b u t p e r h a p s he i s o n ly r e a d in g t o o much i n t o t h e w ord s o f J o n a th a n i n v e r s e s 29 and 2 0 .

4 0 8 . lig n u m u e n e r a b i l e : i n e c c l e s i a s t i c a l L a t in lig n u m

r e f e r s t o t h e C r o s s o f C h r i s t .

1 K in g s 1 : 3 2 - 3 3 .

Gen. 1 7 : 1 0 .

1 1 ’' 1 K in g s 1 4 : 2 7 .

118 Thom pson, o £ . c i t . , p . 3 0 6 .

4 1 0 . sunana f r o n t e o o ru scu m ; th e b r i l l i a n t a p p ea ra n ce

may be due t o th e p o s s i b i l i t y t h a t t h e c r o s s w a s a d o rn ed

w it h j e w e l s o r p r e c io u s m e t a l . In h i s r e p l y t o Symmachus

F r u d e n t iu s h a s w r i t t e n :

C h r is t u s purpureurn gem m ant! t e x t u s i n auro s ig n a b a t la b a r u m , c l ip e o r u m i n s i g n i a C h r is t u s s c r i p s e r a t , a r d e b a t summis c r u s a d d i t a c r i s t i s . (4 7 6 -8 8 )

R e f e r in g t o th e C r o ss i n th e w ork s o f F r u d e n t iu s ,

G lo v e r rem arks how l i t t l e h e had t o s a y a b o u t i t i n r e l a

t i o n t o th e d e a th o f C h r i s t ; i t s t h e o l o g i c a l s i g n i f i c a n c e ,119

and i t s sy m b o lism o f C h r i s t i a n s u f f e r i n g .

4 1 9 . f o r s : j . . j s . , c h a n c e : an e f f e c t t h a t h a p p en s o u t

s i d e o f o r a c c i d e n t a l t o t h e c a u s e .

4 3 3 . c y m b a la : a m u s ic a l in s tr u m e n t , c o n s i s t i n g o f two

c o n c a v e sh a p ed p i e c e s o f m e t a l . T hey g a v e a m u s ic a l sound

w hen h i t o n e a g a i n s t t h e o t h e r .

4 3 5 . s i s t r o : a r a t t l e u se d i n t h e m y s t i c a l r i t e s o f

I s i s . T h is and t h e oym b a la w ere b orrow ed from t h e

E g y p t ia n s . The s i s t r u m c o n s i s t e d o f a t h i n o v a l band o f

b r o n z e , s i l v e r o r g o l d , f a s t e n e d t o a h a n d le . A num ber o f

m e ta l r o d s , b e n t a t e a c h e n d , w ere l o o s e l y i n s e r t e d i n t o

t h e h an d .^ ® °

^^9 G lo v e r , o p . c i t . , p . 2 6 5 .

H a r p e r , C l a s s i c a l A n t i q u i t i e s , p . 1 4 7 0 .

4 4 0 . p e p l o : an u p p er garm en t o r rob e o f s t a t e .

4 5 8 . s c a n d a la : in e c c l e s i a s t i c a l L a t in i t i s a

s tu m b lin g b lo c k o r t e m p t a t io n o p p o se d t o s p i r i t u a l p r o g r e s s .

S i x t h Combat

G reed w it h h e r f i e n d i s h s a t e l l i t e s e n t e r s th e

f i e l d o f b a t t l e t o g a th e r t h e b o o t y l e f t b y L uxury ( 4 5 4 -

5 0 0 ) . By so d o in g , sh e i n f l u e n c e s th e h e a r t s o f many and

w o u ld make f u r t h e r in r o a d s i n t o th e r a n k s o f th e v i r t u o u s ,

d id n o t R eason p u t f o r t h h e r p r o t e c t i n g s h i e l d ( 5 0 1 - 5 0 7 ) .

E n raged b y h e r ch an ge In f o r t u n e , G reed , o v e r - c o n f i d e n t

b e c a u s e o f p a s t c o n q u e s t s w h ic h sh e r e c o u n t s ( 5 0 8 - 5 4 5 ) ,

r e s o r t s t o a r u s e and a ssu m e s th e g u i s e o f t h a t v i r t u e

w h ich men c a l l F r u g a l i t y ( 5 4 6 - 5 5 4 ) . She b l i n d s and b in d s

t h e h e a r t s o f men u n t i l Good W orks a p p e a r s t o l i b e r a t e

them from t h e t e n a c i o u s and d e a d ly c r e a t u r e ( 5 5 5 - 5 8 8 ) .

O v erp o w er in g h e r a d v e r s a r y , Good W orks a d d r e s s e s th e

m u l t i t u d e , b e s e e c h in g them t o p u t t h e i r t r u s t i n th e a l l -

p r o v id e n t God ( 5 9 8 - 6 8 8 ) .

4 5 4 . A u a r i t i a : t h e i n o r d in a t e l o v e o f w e a l th w h ic h121 Xt a k e s p o s s e s s i o n o f th e h e a r t o f m an. S t . P a u l h a s

122c a l l e d i t t h e " r o o t o f a l l e v i l s . "

^G1 A t t w a t e r , o p . c i t . . p . 4 6 .

1 Tig. 6:10,

“liai4 6 4 . T here i s a m arked c o r r e s p o n d e n c e b e tw e e n t h i s

l i s t i n g o f v i c e s and t h a t w h ic h V e r g i l p l a c e s b e f o r e th e

jaw s o f h e l l .

I n A en . 6 , 273 sq q . V e r g i l p l a c e s C u ra . F a m is , and M et u s " ev en w i t h in th e v e r y ja w s o f H e l l" among o t h e r " sh a p e s t e r r i b l e t o v ie w ." H e r e , t o o , a r e th e " F u r ie s ' i r o n c e l l s . " . . . The o t h e r p e r s o n i f i e d a b s t r a c t i o n s m e n t io n e d b y F r u d e n t iu s w ere p r o b a b ly s u g g e s t e d b y t h e m a la m e n t is G aud ia o f th e same V e r g i l i a n p a s s a g e .The r e sem b la n ce b e tw e en th e l i n e s o f t h e p o e t s i s in c r e a s e d b y t h e common r e f e r e n c e t o th e Eumenides.^^^

4 6 6 . E u n e m id es; a e u p h e m is t ic name f o r t h e F u r ie s .

As u se d h e r e i t d e n o t e s t h e v i c e s w h ic h f o l l o w i n th e

t r a i n o f A v a r ic e . S t . Thom as, p l a c in g A v a r ic e j u s t b e lo w

P r id e , h a s te r m e d i t on e o f t h e r o o t s o f a l l s i n s . As th e

f a t h e r o f a f a m i ly i t p r e s e n t s i t s o f f s p r i n g s , s i n s w h ic h

a r e i n e v i t a b l y c o n n e c te d w i t h i t : " b e t r a y a l o f f r i e n d s ,

c h e a t i n g , d e c e i t , p e r j u r y , r e s t l e s s n e s s , v i o l e n c e , h a r d - 1 2 4h e a r t e d n e s s ."

4 7 0 . The a v a r i c i o u s man d o e s n o t h e s i t a t e t o s a c r i f i c e

e v e n t h o s e who a r e c l o s e s t t o him f o r h i s own g a i n .

4 7 9 . f a m is i n p i a : a v a r ic e c r e a t e s su c h a c r a v in g in

man t h a t h e i s d r iv e n t o an y u n n a tu r a l m eans t o a c q u ir e

m ore p o s s e s s i o n s .

123 M ahoney, o £ . c i t . , p . 5 3 .

1®* F a r r e l l , o £ . c i t . . I l l , 345

4 9 4 - 5 . . . . n eq u e e s t i x i o l e n t i u s u l l i m t e r r arum u it l ia m ;

A v a r ic e so e a s i l y o v e r s t e p s t h e b o u n d a r ie s o f j u s t i c e t h a t

a c o v e t o u s man w i l l v i o l a t e a l l t h e la w s o f r e a s o n and

j u s t i c e t o g a in m oney o r p r o p e r t y . He w i l l u s e v i o l e n c e t o

o b t a in h i s e n d s ; p e r j u r e h i m s e l f ; u s e fr a u d t o d e c e iv e125o t h e r s , e v e n d e s t r o y in g them b y t r e a c h e r y .

4 9 6 . geh en n ae : H ebrew w o rd . In t h e V a l l e y o f H innom ,

i n J e r u s a le m , s a c r i f i c e s t o B a a l and M oloch w e re 186o f f e r e d . L a t e r , r e f u s e o f a l l s o r t s w as s u b s e q u e n t ly

c a s t t h e r e , f o r t h e c o n su m p tio n o f w h ic h , f i r e s w ere k e p t

a b l a z e . H en ce , ^ Hinnom o r Ge Henna becam e a sym b ol o f

h e l l .

4 9 8 . s a c e r d o t e s : no r e s p e c t e r o f p e r s o n s , A v a r ic e

te m p ts t h e v e r y p r i e s t s o f God.

5 0 0 . c l a s s i c a : b y m etonom y; th e w a r -tr u m p e t .

5 0 2 . R a t i o : R e a so n , " th e im m ed ia te r u l e o f m o r a l i t y ,"

i s th e d e te r m in in g p r i n c i p l e o f w h at i s s u i t a b l e o r un

s u i t a b l e f o r man i n t h e p u r s u i t o f h a p p in e s s . U l t i m a t e l y ,

t h i n g s a r e good o r e v i l , and human a c t i o n s a r e good o r e v i l

i n s o f a r a s t h e y a c c o r d w it h G od’ s c o n c e p t io n o f w h at t h e y

o u g h t t o be.^^*^

125 J a r r e l l , l o o , c i t .126

187J e r . 1 9 : 6 .

F a r r e l l , o p . c i t . . I I , 6 8 .

g e n t i s L e u u l t l d i s ; t h e t r i b e o f L e v i , one o f th e

s o n s o f J a c o b , w as a p p o in te d t o s e r v e t h e p r i e s t s .

B r in g t h e t r i b e o f L e v i , and make them s ta n d in t h e s i g h t o f Aaron and t h e p r i e s t t o m i n i s t e r t o h im , and l e t them w a tc h , and o b s e r v e w h a ts o e v e r a p p e r t a in e th t o th e s e r v i c e o f th e m u l t i t u d e b e f o r e th e t a b e r n a c le o f t h e t e s t im o n y .^ 2 8

L a t e r , th e m em bers o f t h e t r i b e form ed f o u r d i s t i n c t

c l a s s e s : ( 1 ) m i n i s t e r s o f t h e p r i e s t s o f t h e T em ple; (B)

o v e r s e e r s and j u d g e s ; (5 ) p o r t e r s ; (4 ) s i n g e r s and m u s i-

c l a n s . 12*

5 0 9 . h erou m : G reek lo a n w ord i n d i c a t i n g a d e m i-god o r

h e r o . As u se d h e r e i t c o n n o t e s t h e i l l u s t r i o u s and

v a lo r o u s o n e s who have ig n o r e d th e l u r i n g e n t ic e m e n t s o f

m a t e r i a l p o s s e s s i o n s .

5 1 9 . c a s t a , i n c e s t a . . . p e o t o r a : u se d in a m o ra l and

r e l i g i o u s s e n s e ; h e n c e , " th e p u re" and t h e " Im p u re ."

5 2 0 . S t y x : t h e r i v e r o f H ate (G r . s t u g e i n — " to h a t e " ) ,

t h a t w a s i n c l a s s i c a l m y th o lo g y t h e p la c e o f p u n ish m en t i n

th e lo w e r w o r ld .

5 2 8 . th e n s a u x n is : l i t e r a l l y i t i n d i c a t e s a h o a r d e d o r

s t o r e d up w e a l t h .

5 3 0 . S c a r i o t h : i . e . , J u d a s I s c a r i o t .

5 3 1 . f o e d er e m e n sa e : l i t e r a l l y , a t t h e l e a g u e , o r

^28 3 :6 - 7 .

^2® 1 P a r . 2 3 : 1 - 5 .

com pact o f t h e t a b l e ; f i g u r a t i v e l y , t h e L a s t S u p p er . T h is

and th e f o l l o w i n g v e r s e s r e f e r t o t h e b e t r a y a l o f Our L ord

b y J u d a s and t h e p u r c h a s e o f t h e p o t t e r ' s f i e l d w ith th e130p r i c e o f h i s t r e a c h e r y . T h is w as t h e same f i e l d w h e r e in

131h e h an ged h i m s e l f .

5 3 6 . l e r i c h o : i n a m y s t i c a l s e n s e t h e name s i g n i f i e s

" i n i q u i t y ." T h is C a n a a n !t e c i t y w as d e s t r o y e d when i t s

w a l l s f e l l dow n, a f f o r d i n g e n tr a n c e t o J o sh u a and th e132c o n q u e r in g I s r a e l i t e s who f o r t h w i t h b u rn ed t h e c i t y .

5 3 7 . A c h a r : th e form o f Achan u s e d i n th e S e p t u a g i n t ,

t h e f i r s t G reek v e r s i o n o f th e H ebrew S c r i p t u r e s , made a t

A le x a n d r ia i n t h e t h i r d c e n t u r y B. C. A chan , te m p te d b y th e

b o o t y from th e d e s t r o y e d c i t y o f J e r i c h o , co m m itted th e

im p io u s t h e f t f o r w h ic h he and h i s e n t i r e f a m i ly and

p o s s e s s i o n s w ere a n n i h i l a t e d .

F or X saw among t h e s p o i l s a s c a r l e t garm ent e x c e e d in g g o o d , and tw o h u n d red s i d e s o f s i l v e r and a g o ld e n r u l e o f f i f t y s i d e s : and I c o v e t e dthem and to o k them aw ay. . . . Then J o su e and a l l I s r a e l w i t h h im , to o k Achan th e so n o f Z a r e , and th e s i l v e r and t h e g a r m e n ts , and th e g o ld e n r u l e , h i s s o n s a l s o and h i s d a u g h te r s . . . and a l l th e g o o d s . . ♦ . And a l l I s r a e l s to n e d him : and a l lt h i n g s t h a t w ere h i s , w ere consum ed w i t h f i r e .

^ 3° M a tth . 2 7 : 3 - 8 .

^3^ A c t s 1 : 1 8 - 1 9 .

J o s . 6 .

I b i d . . 7 : 2 1 - 2 5 .

5 4 0 . a n a th em a : i n e c c l e s i a s t i c a l L a t in , an a c c u r s e d

t h i n g .

5 4 5 . lu d a p a r e n s ; t h e p a t r i a r c h J a co b p r o p h e s ie d on

h i s d e a th -b e d t h a t t h e **e x p e c t a t i o n s o f n a t i o n s , ’* C h r is t1 3 4H im s e l f , w o u ld come from t h e l i n e o f h i s so n Ju d ah .

5 4 4 . n e p o t e : i . e . , C h r i s t .

5 4 7 - 5 0 . A v a r ic e p la n s t o r e s o r t t o a r u s e t o w in o v e r

e i t h e r t h e o r d in a r y p e o p le ( lu d a e p o p u la r e s ) o r t h e i r

l e a d e r s ( p o p u la r e s s a c r i c o l a e summi) .

p o p u la r e s s a c r i c o l a e summi ; The h ea d o f t h e

p r i e s t l y ra n k w as t h e h i g h p r i e s t , who w as a lw a y s t h e f i r s t135b o m o f A aron ’ s r a c e . The o r d e r o f m i n i s t e r s i n th e

J e w is h r e l i g i o n w as t h e h ig h p r i e s t , th e f i r s t o f whom w as

A aron; th e p r i e s t s , who w ere m em bers o f h i s f a m i ly , who

p o s s e s s e d t h e n e c e s s a r y m e n ta l and p h y s i c a l q u a l i f i c a t i o n s

w h ose d u ty i t w as t o o f f e r s a c r i f i c e on o r d in a r y o c c a s i o n s ;

and t h e L e v i t e s , o f th e t r i b e o f L e v i , who a s s i s t e d t h e135p r i e s t s and c a r e d f o r t h e t e m p le .

5 4 8 . A aron : M oses* e l d e r b r o t h e r , th e f i r s t h ig h

p r i e s t . H is d e s c e n d a n ts w e re c h o s e n b y God t o be t h e

G en. 4 9 : 1 0 .

Nœa. 3 : 1 0 .136 Exod. 89:1-39; Lev. 8; Num. 3:41-44.

148, 4. 157p r i e s t s .

5 5 4 . F r a g i ; a p p e a r in g a s F r u g a l i t y , A v a r ic e m is le a d s

and c o n f u s e s , b y h e r p e r s u a s iv e d i s g u i s e , th e V ir t u e s so

t h a t t h e y t e n d t o w a v e r .

5 6 6 . E r in y s : i . e . , A v a r ic e . I n v e r s e 466 P r u d e n t iu s

u se d t h e euph em ism , " E u m en id es, ” t h e G reek name d e n o t in g

th e F u r ie s , a s i t w as an om in ou s and bad p o l i c y t o c a l l

th%n b y t h e i r r i g h t f u l nam e. Now one h u n d red l i n e s l a t e r

he h a s d rop p ed t h i s euphem ism and u s e s th e s t r o n g t i t l e ,

’’E r in y s . "

5 7 5 . O p e r a t i c : Good W orks, w h ic h a r e th e ou tw ard e x

p r e s s i o n o f C h r i s t ia n C h a r ity , th e g r e a t e s t o f th e t h e o

l o g i c a l v i r t u e s . C h a r i t y , t h e in f u s e d v i r t u e , e n a b le s u s

t o lo v e God f o r H is own sa k e and o u r n e ig h b o r a s o u r s e l v e s .158

Good Works a r e th e f r u i t o f t h e v i r t u e o f c h a r i t y .

5 7 5 , m i l i t i a e p o strem a g r a d u : i n m i l i t a r y and

g l a d i a t o r i a l la n g u a g e g r a d u s m eans " p o s i t i o n o r s t a t i o n "

ta k e n b y a c o m b a ta n t . Though l a s t i n t h e f i e l d o f b a t t l e ,

O p e r a t ic i s d e s t i n e d t o b r in g t h e lo n g w ar t o a c l o s e .

5 7 7 . omne o n u s e x u m e r is r e i e c e r a t : Good W orks, m ind

f u l o f th e p r o m ise o f C h r i s t : I f th o u w i l t be p e r f e c t , go

E xod . 2 8 .

Attwater, o£. c i t . , p. 96

s e l l w hat th o u h a s t , and g iv e t o th e p o o r , and th o u s h a l t139h ave t r e a s u r e i n h e a v e n . . • h a s g iv e n a l l h e r

p o s s e s s i o n s t o t h e p o o r and t h u s , unham pered b y a n y b u r d e n ,

e n t e r s t h e f r a y .

6 8 8 . d i t a t a f id e m ; f o r t i f i e d b y F a i t h , t h e t h e o l o g i c a l

v i r t u e b y w h ic h t h e m ind i s d i s p o s e d t o a s s e n t f i r m l y t o140a l l th e t r u t h s r e v e a le d b y G od, Good W orks lo o k s beyond

e p h em era l s u c c e s s t o t h a t o f e t e r n i t y .

The f u l l n e s s o f f a i t h , com p arab le o n ly t o th e l i m i t l e s s f u l l n e s s o f i n f i n i t y , m akes o u r n a t u r a l l i f e seem a n a r r o w , d a r k , b l i n d c o r r i d o r . F a it h o p e n s up e t e r n i t y i t s e l f t o u s and a l lo w s o u rs p i r i t t o s t r e t c h i t s e l f t o t h e l i m i t s o f i t sg r e a t p o s s i b i l i t i e s . ^ ^ ^

5 8 9 - 9 7 . A v a r ic e i s p u t t o d e a th i n a m anner l i k e u n to a

g l a d i a t o r i a l c o n f l i c t . P r u d e n t l u s a s s a i l e d t h e s e g l a d i -

w as 143

142a t o r i a l gam es i n h i s w r i t i n g s , b u t i t w as n o t u n t i l

a f t e r h i s d e a th t h a t t h e y w ere a b o l i s h e d .

6 0 0 . m a r s u p p ia : G reek lo a n w ord . T h is w as a l e a t h e r

pouch drawn i n a t th e t o p .

M a tth . 1 9 : 2 1 .

A t t w a t e r , o £ . o l t . . p . 196'.141

F a r r e l l , o£> Ç l t . , I I I , 2 7 .

148 p2* u c ie n tiu s . C o n tra O ration em Sym m achi. w . 3 7 9 - 4 0 7 . ———

143 Glover , op. c i t . . p. 850.

6 0 6 . Good W orks, o v e r j o y e d a t w h at seem s t h e end o f

th e c o n f l i c t , b id s h e r f o l l o w e r s t o r e s t now t h a t t h e c a u s e

o f e v i l l i e s d e a d . P a r a p h r a s in g p a r t s o f t h e Sermon on th e

M ount, sh e c o u n s e l s h e r l i s t e n e r s t o e x e r c i s e p e r f e c t t r u s t

in God, a b a n d o n in g t h e m s e lv e s t o H is a l l - p r o v i d e n t c a r e .

6 1 3 . "Do n o t p o s s e s s g o l d , n o r s i l v e r , n o r m oney in

you r p u r s e s : N or s c r i p f o r y o u r jo u r n e y , n o r tw o c o a t s ,144

n o r a s t a f f . . . . "

p e r am; a c l o t h b a g o r k n a p sa ck u se d b y t r a v e l l e r s145

i n w h ic h t h e y c a r r ie d t h e i r p r o v i s i o n s .

6 1 5 . "Be n o t t h e r e f o r e s o l i c i t o u s f o r tom orrow ; f o r th e

m orrow w i l l be s o l i c i t o u s f o r i t s e l f . S u f f i c i e n t f o r t h e146

d a y i s t h e e v i l t h e r e o f . "

6 1 7 . B e h o ld t h e b i r d s o f th e a i r , f o r t h e y n e i t h e rso w , n o r do t h e y r e a p , n o r g a th e r i n t o b a r n s : and y o u r h e a v e n ly F a th e r f e e d e t h th em . Are n o t you o f much m ore v a lu e th a n th e y ? 1 4 7

6 2 0 . "Are n o t tw o sp a r r o w s s o ld f o r a f a r t h in g ? and

n o t one o f them s h a l l f a l l on th e grou n d w ith o u t y o u r 148

F a th e r ."

M a tth . 1 0 ; 9 - 1 0 .

M a tth . 6 : 3 4 .

I b i d . , 6 : 2 6 .

Ibid. , 10:29.

6 2 5 . c a e l e s t l d o g m a te : d iv in e t e a c h in g fo u n d i n H o ly

S c r ip t u r e w i l l f e e d th e s o u l , g i v i n g i t l i g h t t o g u id e i t

t o th e a t t a in m e n t o f e t e r n a l h a p p in e s s .

6 2 6 . i n u i t i a b i l i s a e u i ; l i f e e v e r l a s t i n g in th e K in g

dom o f H eaven .

6 2 7 . Be n o t s o l i c i t o u s t h e r e f o r e , s a y i n g . What s h a l l wee a t : o r w h at s h a l l we d r in k , o r w h e r e w ith s h a l lwe be c lo t h e d ? F or a f t e r a l l t h e s e t h i n g s do th e h e a t h e n s s e e k . F or y o u r F a th e r k n ow eth t h a t you h a v e n e e d o f a l l t h e s e t h i n g s . S eek y e t h e r e f o r e f i r s t t h e k ingdom o f G od, and h i s J u s t i c e , and a l l t h e s e t h i n g s s h a l l be ad d ed u n to y o u . i i ^

T here now f o l l o w s on e o f th e tw o p a s s a g e s w h ich

L e w is c o n te n d s i s w o r th a l l t h e r e s t , a s h e m a in t a in s t h a t

" i t i s o n ly w hen P r u d e n t l u s t u r n s away from th e a c t u a l150f i g h t i n g t h a t h i s a l l e g o r y b e g in s t o c o n v in c e u s ." The

t r o o p s , now v i c t o r i o u s , r e tu r n t o t h e i r camp u n d er th e

b e n ig n l e a d e r s h ip o f a lm a P ax ( 6 2 8 - 6 6 4 ) .

6 3 1 . P a x : a s o n e o f th e tw e lv e f r u i t s o f t h e H o ly

S p i r i t , i t i s t h a t g r a c e v h ic h k e e p s t h e m ind u n tr o u b le d in

th e p r e s e n c e o f s p i r i t u a l and te m p o r a l t r i a l s . I t i s a

r e s u l t o f c h a r i t y w h ic h " e s t a b l i s h e s p e a c e b e tw e e n man and

God and b e tw e e n man an d h i s n e ig h b o r . I t i s c o m p a t ib le

w it h a s t a t e o f s u f f e r i n g o r w a r , b u t n o t w i t h s i n o r

M a tth . 6 : 3 1 - 3 3 .

Lewis, o£. c i t . . p. 71.

p e r s o n a l e n m ity .

6 4 0 . T o n a n t l s ; a b orrow ed e p i t h e t from c l a s s i c a l

m yiJhology u se d f r e q u e n t l y b y P r u d e n t iu s .

When t h e b orrow ed la n g u a g e o f p o ly t h e is m i s made t o r e f e r t o e s s e n t i a l e le m e n t s o f C h r i s t ia n t h e o l o g y , t h e e f f e c t f a l l s l i t t l e s h o r t o f th e l u d i c r o u s . J u p i t e r ’ s e p i t h e t t o n a n s u se d t o mean God i s a f a m i l i a r and fu n d a m e n ta l e x a m p le . fo u n d h a l f a d o zen t im e s i n P r u d e n t iu s . • . .1 5 2

6 4 2 . "To him t h a t s h a l l o v e r c o m e , I w i l l g i v e t o s i t

w i t h me in my th r o n e : a s I a l s o have o v e r c o m e , an d am s e t153down w i t h my F a th e r i n h i s t h r o n e ."

6 4 3 . C o n c o r d ia : i . e . , p e a c e , w h ic h h a s b e e n d e s c r ib e d

. . . n o t t h e s ta g n a n t p e a c e o f i n a c t i v i t y , b u t th e p r o g r e s s i v e , v ig o r o u s p e a c e o f a h e a r t und is t u r b e d b y o u t s id e a t t r a c t i o n s and f r e e from th e h o r r o r s o f c i v i l w a r , a s t r e a m lin e d p e a c e o f o r d e r e d e n e r g i e s c o n c e n t r a t in g on t h e on e g o a l . 15^

6 4 5 . a q u i l a s ; m etonym y. The e a g l e w as t h e p r i n c i p a l

s ta n d a r d o f th e Romaua l e g i o n ; h e n c e , h e r e i t i s u s e d f o r

" l e g i o n . "

6 5 0 . The v i c t o r i o u s l e g i o n on i t s m arch homeward i s

l ik e n e d t o t h e I s r a e l i t e s on t h e i r p a s s a g e th r o u g h t h e Red

A t t w a t e r , o p . c i t . . p . 3 9 6 .

B ern ard M. P e e b l e s , The P o e t P r u d e n t iu sp . 7 4 .

A p oc. 3 : 2 1 .154

Farrell, o p . c i t . , I l , 2 4 6 .

S e a , w h en , l e d b y M o se s , t h e y e s c a p e d from th e 155E g y p t ia n s .

6 5 1 . v i c t o r . . . I s t r a h e l : M o se s .

6 5 4 . n i g r o s . . . N i l i c o l a s ; i . e . , P h a r a o h ’ s arm y156w h ic h p u r su e d th e I s r a e l i t e s .

6 5 6 - 7 , The c o n t e x t show s t h a t t h e th o u g h t a s t r a n s l a t e d

i s t h a t th e f i s h , w h ic h had b e e n l e f t on th e d r y san d a s

th e w a t e r s w ere d i v i d e d , w ere now r e v iv e d and b eg a n t o

swim a g a in w hen t h e w a te r s c l o s e d i n .

6 5 8 . tym p an a: G reek lo a n w ord i n d i c a t i n g a drum ,

t i m b r e l , o r ta m b o u r in e .

p l e c t r o : G reek lo a n w o rd . T h is w as a l i t t l e

s t i c k made o f g o ld o r s i l v e r w i t h w h ic h a p la y e r s t r u c k

th e c h o r d s o f a s t r i n g e d in s tr u m e n t . H ere i t m ust h a v e157b e e n u s e d t o b e a t t h e tam b ou r.

6 5 9 - 6 4 . The j u b i l a n t m y s t i c a . . . ca rm in a o f t h e V ir t u e s

a r e l ik e n e d t o t h e " C a n t ic le o f M oses" w h ic h t e l l s o f th e

f a v o r s and pow er t h a t t h e L ord A lm ig h ty had v o u c h s a fe d t o, 158

th e c h i ld r e n o f I s r a e l .

1 5 5 1 5 : 1 - 2 1 .

1®® I b i a . , 1 4 : 2 1 - 3 1 .

1®^ H a rp er , C l a s s i c a l A n t i q u i t i e s , p . 1 2 7 .

1®® B xod . 1 5 : 1 - 2 1 .

S e v e n th C o n f l i c t

ÂXX u n e x p e c te d e v i l a r i s e s j u s t a s v i c t o r y seem ed

c e r t a i n . D is c o r d , d i s g u i s e d , e n t e r s t h e r a n k s and a t t e m p ts

t o s l a y C oncord ( 6 6 5 - 6 9 4 ) . When d e t e c t e d , sh e i s q u ic k ly

su rro u n d ed b y th e w h o le army o f V i r t u e s . H a v in g r e v e a le d

h e r t r u e i d e n t i t y (6 9 5 -7 1 4 ) , sh e i s s to p p e d i n h e r sp e e c h

b y F a i t h vAio p i e r c e s h e r th r o u g h w it h a j a v e l i n ; th e o t h e r

V ir t u e s q u ic k ly d ism em ber h e r b od y ( 7 1 5 - 7 2 5 ) .

6 6 8 . t e m p e s t a s ; i n an a l l e g o r i c a l i n t e r p r e t a t i o n t h i s

may r e f e r t o th e s to r m o f d i s s e n s i o n w h ic h a r o s e from th e

h e r e t i c a l t e a c h i n g s m e n tio n e d i n v e r s e s 7 9 4 -7 9 5 .

6 7 5 . s u t i s : a c u i r a s s . The G reek w ord f o r a c u i r a s s159w as t h o r a x , made e i t h e r o f m e t a l o r o f l e a t h e r . The

m e ta l c u i r a s s com p osed o f tw o i n d i v i d u a l s e c t i o n s , s h i e ld e d

t h e c h e s t , s to m a c h , and b a c k . C la s p s o r b u c k le s j o in e d

t h e s e tw o p a r t s w h ic h en d ed in a c u r v e d e d g e ab ove t h e h i p .

A l e a t h e r b e l t , f a s t e n e d w it h b u c k le s h e ld b o th p i e c e s

f i r m l y i n p l a c e . The f r o n t s e c t i o n o f t h e c u i r a s s w as

l a t e r le n g t h e n e d by an add ed s e r i e s o f s h o r t s t r i p s o f

l e a t h e r o r f e l t c o v e r e d w it h m e t a l , som ew hat l i k e a k i l t .

S im i la r s t r i p s o f th e same ty p e w ere f i t t e d u n d er t h e arms160

t o p r o t e c t t h e arm p i t s .

Swra 122.H a rp er , C l a s s i c a l A n t i q u i t i e s . p . 1 5 7 4 .

6 8 3 , D i s c o r d : i n m y th o lo g y sh e w as t h e G reek S r i s .

H e r e , th o u g h i n d i s g u i s e , sh e i s H e r e s y . O f. 7 0 9 -1 0 .

7 0 5 - 8 . The i n t e r r o g a t i o n b y "om nis u ir tu tu m l e g i o " and

th e r e p l y o f D is c o r d i s r e m in is c e n t o f th e s t o r y o f

S in o n .

7 0 9 - 1 4 . The te r m s : m in o r . m a io r . d u p le x , s im p le x .

p h a n ta sm a , and in n a t a anim a i n d i c a t e a fe w o f t h e w id e

s p r e a d s y s te m s o f e r r o r o f h e r e s y w h ic h P r u d e n t iu s d e a l s

w it h in h i s two s t r i c t l y d i d a c t i c p oem s, th e A p o th e o s is162

and Harmat i g e n i a .

7 1 4 . B e l l a : J : . £ . , w ith o u t y o k e . The w ic k e d who r e f u s e

t o be s u b j e c t t o t h e d iv in e la w a r e c a l l e d in S c r ip t u r e th e163c h i ld r e n o f B e l i a l , t h e c h i e f o f t h e e v i l s p i r i t s .

7 1 6 . r e g in a F i d e s : t h e same v i r t u e w h ic h l e a d t h e

f i r s t com bat t o v i c t o r y ( 2 1 - 5 9 ) .

7 1 5 -2 5 . H ere i s p r e s e n t e d a " f e a r f u l s c e n e o f c a r n a g e

. . . w h ic h P r u d e n t iu s , who h ad no sq u e a m ish s to m a c h , saw

no r e a s o n t o sp a r e u s .

W ith H e r e s y , th e l a s t and w o r s t enem y o f a l l ,

2 : 6 7 f f .

P e e b l e s , e g . o i t . , p p . 3 6 - 5 1

P e u t . 1 3 : 1 3 .

P e e b l e s , o £ . o l t . . p . 5 5 .

d is p o s e d o f , t h e tr iu m p h a n t V ir t u e s r e e n t e r t h e p r o t e c t i n g

w a l l s o f t h e i r r a m p a rts ( 7 2 6 -7 3 5 ) w h ere t h e y a r e c o u n s e l l e d

f i r s t b y C on cord (7 3 4 -7 9 8 ) t o b e on t h e a l e r t l e s t an y

f a l s e t e a c h i n g a r i s e am ongst them w h ic h w i l l w eaken t h e

n e w ly a c q u ir e d P e a c e , w h ose d e s i r a b l e q u a l i t i e s sh e e x

t o l l s .

7 4 0 - 2 . I n t h i s m i l i t a r y m eta p h o r L ew is s e e s th e f a r

r e a c h in g i n f l u e n c e o f th e Roman arm y.

. . . we a r e rem in d ed o f th e l a s t i n g im p r e s s io n w h ic h th e d i s c i p l i n e and c ir c u m s ta n c e o f th e l e g i o n s made upon t h e n a t i o n s o f t h e e m p ir e ; and i f we a r e w i s e , w e s e t p o n d e r in g on t h e f a r r e a c h in g c o n s e q u e n c e s w h ic h t h a t im p r e s s io n had f o r t h e im a g in a t io n . We m u st n e v e r f o r g e t t h a t t h e m e d ie v a l L a t in f o r a k n ig h t i s m i l e s ; t h a t t h e c o n c e p t io n o f e a r t h l y k n ig h th o o d and t h a t o f t h e a n g e l i c k n ig h th o o d (m i l i t i a ) a r e so m e tim e s c o n n e c te d ; and t h a t b o th p r e - s u p p o s e th e d i s c i p l i n e o f th e r e a l Roman arm y. I t i s d ou b t f u l l w h e th e r th e w h o le i d e a l w o r ld o f c h i v a l r y c o u ld h ave e x i s t e d u n l e s s th e l e g i o n s had e x i s t e d f i r s t ; f o r by t h e i r a id b o th th e G erm anic c o m it a t u s and th e H ebrew God " o f h o s t s " w ere to u c h e d t o new i s s u e s .

7 5 0 . b a r b a r i e s ; e i t h e r t h e V ic e s w h ic h h a v e j u s t

b a t t l e d w i t h th e V ir t u e s f o r t h e p o s s e s s i o n o f t h e s o u l , o r

t h e t e a c h i n g s o f P agan ism w h ic h h a v e a t te m p te d t o d e s t r o y

C h r i s t i a n i t y ; t h e c h o ic e d e p e n d in g upon t h e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n

o f th e poem a s a w h o le .

s a n c ta e . . . u r b i s i n d i g e n a s : t h i s , t o o , may

L e w is , o £ . c i t . . p . 7 2 .

r e f e r e i t h e r t o t h e C h r i s t i a n s , w ith Rome a s t h e i r s a n c ta e

u r b i s . o r t o t h e v a lo r o u s man w h ose s a n c t a e u r b i s i s h i s

s o u l .

7 5 5 - 6 . p r i u a t i s . . . a m i c i t i i s ; s p e a k in g o f t h i s g o o d

w i l l w h ic h s h o u ld e x i s t among a l l p e o p le F a r r e l l t e l l s u s ;

The im m ed ia te common g o o d o f th e s t a t e m ig h t be summed up i n t h e o n e word " p e a c e ," o r i n t h e p h r a se " th e p r e s e r v a t io n o f u n ity " . . . The u l t im a t e common good o f t h e s t a t e h a s b een summed up b y Thomas and A r i s t o t l e a s " th e l i f e o f v i r t u e " o r th e l i f e o f r e a s o n f o r t h e w h o le com m unity . I n p l a i n la n g u a g e i t m eans no m ore th a n th e a s s u r a n c e t o a l l t h e s u b j e c t s o f t h e o p p o r t u n i t y t o f o l l o w th e la w o f r e a s o n t o i n d i v i d u a l p e r f e c t i o n , th e o p p o r t u n i t y t o l i v e a s u c c e s s f u l human l i f e .1 6 6

7 5 7 . t i t u b â t q u e f o r i s quod d i s s i d e t i n t u s : " E very

kingdom d iv id e d a g a i n s t i t s e l f s h a l l be made d e s o l a t e :

and e v e r y c i t y o r h o u se d iv id e d a g a i n s t i t s e l f s h a l l n o t

s t a n d .

7 5 6 . s c i s s u r a ; i n e c c l e s i a s t i c a l L a t in t h i s r e f e r s t o

a s c h is m .

7 5 9 . ne s e c t a e x o t i c a . . . n a s c a t u r ; j . . e . , l e s t an y

h e r e t i c a l t e a c h in g a r i s e .

7 6 4 - 8 . C oncord i s h e r e a d m o n ish in g h e r l i s t e n e r s t o be

j o in e d b y F a i t h and P e a c e i n a bond o f u n i t y l i k e u n to t h a t

w h ic h e x i s t s b e tw e e n t h e d iv in e and human n a tu r e o f J e s u s .

1®® F a r r e l l , 0 £ . c i t . , I I , 3 6 9

M a tth . 1 2 : 2 5 .

7 7 2 . I f t h e r e f o r e th o u o f f e r t h y g i f t a t th e a l t a r ,and th o u rem ember t h a t t h y b r o t h e r h a th an y t h i n g a g a i n s t t h e e ; L eave t h e r e t h y o f f e r i n g b e f o r e t h e a l t a r , and go f i r s t t o be r e c o n c i l e d t o t h y b r o t h e r : and th e n co m in g th o u s h a l t o f f e r t h ygift.168

7 7 7 . o b l i q u a : in a bad s e n s e , , e n v io u s , j e a l o u s .

7 7 9 - 8 7 . P r u d e n t iu s d w e l l s on t h e i n t r i n s i c d i g n i t y and

e x t e r n a l m a n i f e s t a t i o n s o f P e a c e , h o ld in g i t synonym ous

w it h C h a r i t y .

C h a r i t y i s p a t i e n t , i s k in d : c h a r i t y e n v i e t hn o t ; d e a l e t h n o t p e r v e r s e l y ; i s n o t p u f f e d up;I s n o t a m b it io u s , s e e k e t h n o t h e r own, i s n o t p ro v o k ed t o a n g e r , t h in k e t h no e v i l ; R e j o ic e t h n o t i n i n i q u i t y , b u t r e j o i c e t h w it h th e t r u t h ; B e a r e th a l l t h i n g s , b e l l e v a t h a l l t h i n g s , h o p e th a l l t h i n g s , e n d u r e th a l l t h i n g s . 169

170L e t n o t t h e su n go down upon y o u r7 8 2 .

a n g e r

7 8 8 -9 7 . As t h e d o v e s and lam b s a r e e q u ip p e d b y n a tu r e t o

s e n s e im p en d in g d a n g e r , so m an, fo r w a m e d by p a s t e x

p e r i e n c e , s h o u ld be on t h e a l e r t f o r f u t u r e t h r e a t s t o h i s

s a f e t y . "Beware o f f a l s e p r o p h e t s , who come t o you i n t h e

c l o t h i n g o f s h e e p , b u t in w a r d ly t h e y a r e r a v e n in g w o l v e s .171

By t h e i r f r u i t s you s h a l l know th e m ."

^6® M a tth . 5 : 2 3 - 2 4 .

1 C o r . 1 3 : 4 - 7 .170

171E ph. 4 : 2 6 .

M a tth . 7 : 1 5 - 1 6 .

P h o t in u s e t A r r i u s : P h o t in u s , a h e r e s ia r c h o f th e

f o u r t h c e n t u r y , ta u g h t t h a t t h e F a th e r and t h e Son w ere o n e

p e r s o n . H is t e a c h in g w as condem ned a t M ila n , in 345 A .D .

A r iu s , a l s o a f o u r t h c e n tu r y h e r e s i a r c h , d e n ie d t h a t t h e

Son i s o f t h e on e e s s e n c e , n a t u r e , and s u b s ta n c e w i t h God172th e F a t h e r , h e n c e n o t e q u a l in d i g n i t y n o r c o e t e r n a l .

Though A r ia n ism d id n o t d i s t r a c t th e Church in173S p a in , P r u d e n t iu s s e e s f i t t o m e n t io n i t i n h i s w r i t i n g s

w h i le n e g l e c t i n g an y r e f e r e n c e t o t h e P r i s c i l l i a n i s t s , th e

G n o s tic -M a n ic h a e a n s e c t w id e sp r e a d i n S p a in from t h e f o u r t h

t o t h e s i x t h c e n t u r i e s .

The w r i t i n g s o f th e S p a n is h p o e t P r u d e n t iu s , and O r o s iu s , t h e f r i e n d o f S t . A u g u s t in e and a u th o r o f A d v e r su s P a g a n o s . th ro w no l i g h t upon th e s t a t e o f p a g a n ism Tn S p a in i n t h e l a t e f o u r t h andearly fifth century.174F a it h u r g e s th e v i r t u o u s army t o crow n t h e i r

v i c t o r y by e r e c t i n g a te m p le i n w h ic h A lm ig h ty God may be

f i t t i n g l y w o r sh ip p e d ( 7 9 9 - 8 2 2 ) .

8 0 5 - 1 3 . R e fe r e n c e i s made t o D a v id ’ s dream o f b u i ld in g a

te m p le t o God. Y et h e w h ose h a n d s w e re s t a i n e d w ith th e

Ma^ni^ix, o p . c i t . , p . 1 4 0 .

S te p h e n M cKenna, C .S S .R . , P a g a n ism and Pagan S u r v iv a l s in S p a in up t o t h e F a l l o f th e V i s i g o t h l c K in g dom. p . 4 8 .

Ib id ., p. 46.

b lo o d o f many b a t t l e s w a s n o t deemed w o r th y b y God t o e r e c t

t h i s g l o r i o u s h o u se o f w o r s h ip , and th e t a s k f e l l t o h i so 1 175so n S o lom on .

8 0 7 . g e n l t o r i s a n h e l i : i . e . . , D a v id .

8 1 0 . I n th e f o u r t h y e a r o f h i s r e i g n , Solom on b eg a n t o

b u i ld on M ount M ori a , i n J e r u s a le m , t h e te m p le t o t h e L ord

w h ic h to o k m ore th a n s e v e n y e a r s t o c o m p le t e . E v e r y th in g

u se d f o r th e s e r v i c e o f God w as o f th e p u r e s t g o ld .

And th e h o u se b e f o r e th e o r a c le he o v e r l a i d w ith m o st pu re g o l d , and f a s t e n e d on t h e p l a t e s w it h n a i l s o f g o l d . And t h e r e w as n o t h in g i n th e te m p le t h a t w as n o t c o v e r e d w i t h g o ld ; th e w h o le a l t a r o f th e o r a c l e h e c o v e r e d a l s o w i t h g o l d . 175

1 8 2 - 1 3 . c ircu m u a g a . . . a r e a : i . e . , th e Ark w h ic h p r e

c e d e d th e I s r a e l i t e s i n a l l t h e i r jo u r n e y s and w h en ev er

t h e y e n t e r e d i n t o b a t t l e . Made b y M oses a t G od’ s command,

i t r em a in ed a t a n g i b l e rem em brance o f th e t e s t a m e n t w h ereb y

t h e I s r a e l i t e s w ere a p e o p le c h o s e n by God t o be th e

v e s s e l s o f e l e c t i o n . C o n s t r u c t io n o f i n c o r r u p t i b l e a c a c ia

w ood , l i n e d i n s i d e and o u t w i t h g o l d , i t c o n t a in e d th e177t a b l e s o f th e Ten Commandments: on th e o u t s id e o r n e a r

t h e a r k w ere a l s o th e rod o f A a ro n , and a g o ld e n urn

1 P a r . 2 8 .

" '6 3 K in g s 6 : 2 1 - 2 2 .1 7*7 Exod. 25:10-11; 3 Kings 8:9.

161178

c o n t a in in g m anna. The Ark p la y e d a n o t a b le p a r t in th e

p a s s a g e o f t h e I s r a e l i t e s i n t o th e p r o m ise d la n d . I t w asfa l s o c a r r ie d i n so lem n p r o c e s s io n f o r s e v e n d a y s around th e

b e s i e g e d c i t y o f J e r i c h o . F a l l i n g i n t o th e h an d s o f th e

P h i l i s t i n e s , i t w as l a t e r r e t u r n e d b e c a u se o f th e d i s e a s e

and d i s a s t e r w h ic h b e f e l l th em . As t im e p r o g r e s s e d , God

r a i s e d up t h e g r e a t k i n g s , D avid and h i s so n S o lom on , who

in a u g u r a te d and b u i l t th e te m p le t h a t w o u ld b e a perm anent179and f i t t i n g r e s t i n g p la c e f o r t h e A rk.

8 1 5 . sa n cto ru m s a n c t a : l i t e r a l l y t h i s may r e f e r t o th e

t a b e r n a c le w h ic h c o n t a i n s t h e B le s s e d S a c r a m e n t. I n an

a l l e g o r i c a l s e n s e i t m ay a d v o c a te t h e e s t a b l i s h i n g w i t h in

m an’ s s o u l o f a d w e l l in g p l a c e , a d o rn ed w i t h C h r i s t ia n

v i r t u e s t o h o u se t h e s p i r i t o f God.

8 1 6 . t e r r i g e n a s . . . p h a la n g e s : t h e v i c e s b orn o f

th e e a r t h . The in n e r th o u g h t i n t h i s and t h e f o l lo w in g

v e r s e s p o i n t s o u t t h e n e e d f o r man n o t o n l y t o c o n q u e r

e v i l b u t a l s o t o w ork f o r t h e a c q u i s i t i o n and in c r e a s e o f

t h e v i r t u e s so p l e a s i n g t o Our L ord .

8 2 1 . t o g a C an d ida p a d s ; th e t o g a w as t h e d i s t i n c t i v e

ga rb o f t h e Roman c i t i z e n w h en ev e r h e w as i n p u b l i c ; i t s

u se w as f o r b id d e n t o e x i l e s and t o f o r e i g n e r s . I n th e

g e b . 9 : 4 .

2 P a r . 5 .

e a r l y t im e s i t w as w orn e v e n in b a t t l e b u t when r e p la c e d by

t h e sagum i t s e r v e d a s th e e x c l u s i v e g a r b and sym bol o f 180p e a c e .

8 2 3 . r e g i n a ; i . e . , F a i t h . I n th e b u i ld in g o f t h e

t e m p le , P r u d e n t iu s b o rro w s many d e t a i l s from t h e d e s c r i p -i f i it i o n o f th e New J e r u sa le m a s fo u n d i n th e A p o c a ly p s e .

8 2 6 . h a r u n d o : b y m etonym y, an o b j e c t made o f r e e d s .

T h is a u r e a . . . h arun do i n k e e p in g w i t h th e s p le n d o r o f

t h e t e m p le , w as l i k e t o t h e "m easure o f a r e e d o f g o l d , t o182m easu re t h e c i t y and th e g a t e s t h e r e o f , and t h e w a l l ”

o f t h e New J e r u s a le m . J u s t a s c a r e i s ta k e n i n th e c o n

s t r u c t i o n o f t h e w a l l s o f t h e te m p le so t h a t t h e r e be

n o t h in g t o m ar t h e i r r e g u l a r i t y , so man m u st s e e t h a t h i s

s p i r i t u a l s t r u c t u r e i s p r o t e c t e d b y w a l l s so s o l i d l y j o in e d

t h a t t h e v i c e s c a n n o t g a in an e n t r a n c e .

8 3 0 . A u rorae : b y m etonym y, th e E a s t . A urora w as t h e

g o d d e s s o f m o r n in g . T h u s, th e e p i t h e t i s a p p l ie d t o a l l183t h e e a s t e r n p a r t s o f t h e u n i v e r s e .

8 3 1 . a u stru m : th e s o u th w e s t w in d ; by m etonym y, th e

H a rp er , C l a s s i c a l A n t i q u i t i e s , p . 1 5 9 0 .

A p oc . 2 1 .

I b i d . , 2 1 : 1 5 ,

^®® H a rp er , C l a s s i c a l A n t i o u i t l e s . p . 5 9 6 .

163184

We s t .

8 3 2 . o c e i d u a l l b u s : d e r iv e d from o c c id u u s , a , urn,

m ea n in g a g o in g down o r s e t t i n g . I t c a r r ie d w it h i t th e

i d e a o f th e s e t t i n g o f th e s n n , and t h u s , b y m etonym y, th e

West.^-®®

8 3 3 . a q u i l o n i s ; d e r iv e d e i t h e r from a q u a , w a t e r , o r

from a q u i l u s . d a r k . I f from t h e fo r m e r , i t i s th e w in d

w h ic h b r in g s w e t w e a th e r ; i f from t h e l a t t e r , i t i s t h e

w in d w h ic h b r in g s lo w e r in g and sto rm y w e a th e r . L i t e r a l l y ,186

i t i s t h e n o r th w in d , and b y m eton ym y, th e N o r th .

The d e s c r i p t i o n o f t h e t h r e e g a t e s o p e n in g o n to

th e f o u r d i r e c t i o n s i s a n a lo g o u s t o t h a t o f S t . J o h n ’ s .

"On th e e a s t , t h r e e g a t e s : and on th e w e s t , t h r e e g a t e s :

and on t h e s o u t h , t h r e e g a t e s : and on t h e w e s t , t h r e e187g a t e s ." S t . J o h n ’ s v e r s e , i n t u r n , r e l i e s upon

E z e o h ie l.^ ® ®

8 3 9 . nom ina a p o s t o l i c i . . . s é n a t u s : P r u d e n t iu s

p l a c e s th e nam es o f th e A p o s t l e s upon t h e g a te w a y s , w h e r e a s

H a rp er , C l a s s i c a l A n t i q u i t i e s , p . 174 .

H arp er , L a t in D i c t i o n a r y , p . 1 2 5 1 .

^®® I b i d . . p . 1 4 9 ,

188Ap o c , 2 1 :1 5

Ezech. 48:30-35.

164189S t . John p l a c e s them i n t h e f o u n d a t io n s t o n e s .

8 4 2 . quaque h o m in is n a tu r a u i g e t ; i . e . , w h a te v e r he

t h e a g e o f m an.

8 4 3 . qu adrua u i s a n im a t ; t h i s f o u r - f o l d s t r e n g t h may

r e f e r t o t h e fo u r a g e s o f man a s d e v e lo p e d i n v e r s e s

8 4 5 - 8 4 8 .

8 4 5 . p u e r o s : a m a le y o u th , s t r i c t l y t i l l t h e s e v e n

t e e n t h y e a r .

e p h e h o s : a m a le y o u th from e ig h t e e n t o tw e n ty

y e a r s .

8 4 6 . c o n su m m a b ilis a e u i ; i . £ . , m a t u r i t y .

8 4 7 . a l g i d a B o rra e a e t a s : l i t e r a l l y , t h e c o ld a g e o f

th e n o r th w in d ; b y m etonym y, o l d a g e . I n G reek m y th o lo g y

B o r e a s w as th e god o f t h e n o r th w in d and t h e n o r th w in d

i t s e l f .

8 4 9 . q u a d r in a ad c o m p ita : a t t h e m e e t in g o f th e f o u r

c r o s s - r o a d s t h e te m p le w i t h i t s a l t a r w as e r e c t e d . Thomson

c i t e s a c r o s s - r e f e r e n c e on th e G e o r g ie s , 1 1 , 3 8 3 in w h ich

c o m p ita i s d e f in e d a s :

. . . a p la c e i n t o w h ic h , o r from w h ic h , w ays l e a d from o r i n , a num ber o f d i r e c t i o n s , e i t h e r w it h o r w it h o u t an a l t a r , and e i t h e r r o o fe d o v e r o r in th e o p e n , and i n w h ic h t h e _ p e o p le o f a c o u n tr y d i s t r i c e m eet t o g e t h e r

A p oc. 2 1 : 1 4 .

Thom son, o £ . c i t . . p p . 3 3 8 f ,

8 5 0 . d i s c i p u l i s . . . d u o d e n is : i.*£* * t h e tw e lv e

A p o s t l e s .

r e x : i , . e . , C h r i s t .

8 5 1 - 6 7 . The d e t a i l e d d e s c r i p t i o n e n u m e r a te s th e tw e lv e

p r e c io u s s t o n e s w h ic h a d o rn ed t h e w a l l s o f th e t e m p le .

T h is l i s t i n g c o r r e s p o n d s t o t h a t u se d i n t h e b u i ld in g o f

t h e New J e r u sa le m a s s e t down i n A p o c a ly p s e , 2 1 . H ow ever,

th e b r e a s t p l a t e o f A a ro n , m in u t e ly d e s ig n e d and s tu d d e d

w it h J e w e ls , i s th e l o c u s c l a s s i c u s f o r t h e s e p r e c io u s

s t o n e s . P e r h a p s w h at h a s b e e n s a id o f t h e s i g n i f i c a n c e

o f t h e j e w e l s i n t h e New J e r u sa le m m ay be a p p l ie d t o t h e s e

v e r s e s s i n c e no a b s o lu t e i n t e r p r e t a t i o n o f t h e i r m ea n in g

h a s a s y e t b e e n fo u n d .

E ach s t o n e , p e r h a p s , had f o r S t . John a s y m b o lic a lm ean in g b u t we h ave l o s t t h e k e y t o t h e sy m b o ls .P e r h a p s th e y r e f e r t o t h e d i v e r s i t y o f g i f t s ^ a n d g r a c e s r e c e i v e d b y t h e e l e c t who d w e l l in th e c i t y . The g e n e r a l i n t e n t i o n o f t h e d e s c r i p t i o n i s t o c o n v e y an im p r e s s io n o f t h e g r e a t b e a u ty o f t h e S p o u s e , who i s w i th o u t " s p o t o r w r in k le o r b le m is h .

0 5 8 . se p te m . . . c o lu m n is : t h i s r e c a l l s th e v e r s e i n

th e Book o f P r o v e r b s w here "Wisdom h a th b u i l t h e r s e l f a„193

h o u s e , sh e h a th hewn h e r o u t s e v e n p i l l a r s . "

A p oc . 2 1 : 1 9 - 2 0 ; E x o d . 2 8 : 1 5 - 8 2 .

Com m entary on New T e s ta m e n t , p . 6 8 2 .

P r o v . 9 : 1 .

8 7 3 . m a rg a r itu m in g e n s : th e in n e r cham ber o f t h e

te m p le i s l ik e n e d t o " th e p e a r l o f g r e a t p r i c e ," w h ic h in

s c r i p t u r a l i n t e r p r e t a t i o n i s th e kingdom o f h e a v e n , th e1 9 4p o s s e s s i o n o f w h ich i s w o r th e v e r y s a c r i f i c e .

8 7 5 . p o l l e n s S a p i e n t i a : m ig h ty W isdom , th e t r u e and

n e c e s s a r y r e g e n t o f m an’ s s o u l , i s s e a t e d on th e t h r o n e ,

h o ld in g t h e s c e p t r e w h ic h b lo s s o m s w i t h l i l i e s and r o s e s .

As t h e g r e a t e s t o f th e i n t e l l e c t u a l v i r t u e s , Wisdom p u r s u e s

an in q u ir y i n t o t h e n a tu r e o f t h i n g s , f u r n i s h in g " th e

a n sw e r s t o t h e fu n d a m e n ta l q u e s t io n s o f human l i f e — w h y ,195w h en ce , and w h e r e fo r e o f t h e u n iv e r s e and e v e n o f G od."

8 7 8 . s c e p tr u m ; t h e sym b ol o f k i n g l y p ow er .

8 8 4 - 5 . g e sta m en Aaron f l o r i f e r u m : t h e p r ie s t h o o d o f

A aron w as c o n f ir m e d by t h e ro d w h ic h b u r s t i n t o b loom

c o n t r a r y t o th e u s u a l la w s o f n a t u r e .

. . . t h e ro d o f A aron f o r th e h o u se o f L e v i , w as budded; and t h a t th e b u d s s w e l l i n g i t had b loom ed b lo s s o m s , w h ic h s p r e a d in g th e l e a v e s , w ere form edi n t o a lm o n d s .T 96

The e p ic c l o s e s w i t h a p r a y e r t o C h r is t (8 8 8 -9 1 5 ) ,

in w h ic h t h e s o u l e x p r e s s e s i t s g r a t i t u d e f o r th e l e s s o n s

i t h a s l e a r n e d c o n c e r n in g t h e e v e r p e r s i s t e n t f o r c e s o f

Oopxmentary on New T e s ta m e n t . p . 100

F a r r e l l , o £ . c i t . , I I , 1 8 6 ,

Num. 17:8,

e v i l .

9 0 0 . f e r u e n t b e l l e h o r r id a : t h i s v e r s e , L e w is a s s e r t s ,197

" r e v e a ls in a f l a s h th e r e a l g e n e s i s o f t h e poem ." A

s o u l a s s id u o u s i n t h e p u r s u i t o f v i r t u e i s m in d fu l o f t h e

w o r k in g s o f th e good and e v i l s p i r i t , and i s i n t i m a t e l y

c o n s c io u s o f th e m a g n itu d e o f th e s p i r i t u a l c o n f l i c t w aged

i n i t s in n e r m o st s o u l .

9 0 4 . non s im p le x n a tu r a h o m in is ; a s man i s a c o m p o s ite

o f b od y and s o u l t h e s p i r i t u a l s to r m s t h a t he e n c o u n t e r s

a r e a c o m b in a t io n o f many d i v e r s e e n e r g i e s , S t . P a u l w as

c o n s c io u s o f t h i s when h e w r o te :

F or t h e f l e s h l u s t e t h a g a i n s t t h e s p i r i t : andth e s p i r i t a g a i n s t t h e f l e s h ; f o r t h e s e a r e c o n tr a r y on e t o a n o th e r : so t h a t yo u do n o t th e t h i n g s t h a t yo u w o u ld ,

9 0 4 - 9 . I n th e f o l l o w i n g v e r s e s P r u d e n t iu s , w i t h p s y

c h o l o g i c a l i n s i g h t , e x p r e s s e s w h at human r e a s o n t e l l s u s

i n t h e w ords o f th e p agan p o e t O v id . "I s e e t h e b e t t e r199

t h in g and ap p rove o f i t : I c h o o s e t h e w o r s e ." I n s p ir e d

r e l i g i o n t e l l s u s t h e same i n S t . P a u l ’ s l e t t e r t o th e

Rom ans.

L e w is , o p . c i t . , p . 7 2 .

^ 1 . 5 : 1 7 .

Ovid, Matamorphoaes. 7:20.

F or I am d e l i g h t e d w it h th e la w o f God a c c o r d in g t o t h e in w ard man; b u t I s e e a n o th e r la w i n my m em bers f i g h t i n g a g a i n s t t h e la w o f my m in d . . . . F or t h e good w h ic h I w i l l , I do n o t ; b u t t h e e v i l w h ic h I w i l l n o t , t h a t I do.^^O

9 1 0 . p r a e s i d i o : t h i s a id i s th e g r a c e o f God. I t i s

t h a t s u p e r n a tu r a l h e l p t h a t man e x p e r i e n c e s i n t h e w ar

b e tw e e n h i s d i s o r d e r l y and o r d e r l y p r o p e n s i t i e s .

T h ese c l o s i n g v e r s e s sp ea k o f t h e s p i r i t u a l rew ard

w h ic h man w i l l e x p e r ie n c e when h e h a s w aged an im p la c a b le

w ar a g a i n s t t h e e n e m ie s o f h i s s o u l .

9 1 0 . C h r i s t u s d eu s a d s i t ; C h r is t w i l l t a k e up H is

abod e i n t h e s o u l w h ic h h a s r e s i s t e d t h e f o r c e o f e v i l . He

w i l l b u i ld th e r e a s p i r i t u a l t a b e r n a c le and e m b e l l i s h i t

w it h s u p e r n a t u r a l g i f t s w oven from t h e h e r o ic t r i a l s and

h a r d s h ip s en d u red i n t h e com b at.

Titus, 2:11-14.

CHAPTER n

SmMARY AND OUTLINE

A p r e f a c e w r i t t e n in ia m b ic t r i m e t e r o u t l i n e s th e

w h o le sc o p e o f th e e p i c and u n m is ta k a b ly s u g g e s t s i t s o u t

com e. The s c r i p t u r a l p i c t u r e s o f t h e s e s i x t y - e i g h t v e r s e s ,

drawn p r im a r i ly from G e n e s i s , r e l a t e Abraham’ s c o n q u e s t o f

t h e h e a th e n k in g s and t h e l i b e r a t i o n o f h i s nephew L ot

( 1 - 3 7 ) ; h i s v i c t o r i o u s r e t u r n and M e lc h is e d e c h ’ s o f f e r i n g

o f b r e a d and w in e ( 3 8 - 4 4 ) ; t h e a n g e l i c v i s i t a t i o n and

S a r a ’ s f e r t i l i t y ( 4 5 - 4 9 ) ; and t h e l e s s o n t o be d ed u ced

( 5 0 - 6 8 ) .

The e p ic w h ic h f o l l o w s , w r i t t e n i n d a c t y l i c h e x a

m e t e r , c o n s i s t s o f tw o p a r t s : (1 ) th e c o n t e s t b e tw e e n th e

V i r t u e s and th e V i c e s , i n v o l v i n g s e v e n e n g a g e m e n ts ( 1 - 7 2 4 ) ;

(2 ) t h e e r e c t i o n w i t h i n th e s o u l o f man o f a s p i r i t u a l

s a n c t u a r y w h e r e in Wisdom may r e s i d e and from w h en ce sh e

may g o v e r n m an’ s a c t i o n s ( 7 2 6 - 9 1 5 ) .

As c o n c e iv e d by A r i s t o t l e , t h e e p i c m u st p o s s e s s a

d i g n i f i e d them e and be c h a r a c t e r i z e d b y u n i t y , w i t h i n

w h ic h th e a c t i o n sh o u ld m ove w i t h o r d e r e d p r o g r e s s i o n . I n

t h e P sy c h o m a ch ia th e p o e t p e r s o n i f i e s u n r e s t r a in e d v i c e and

n o b le v i r t u e a s t h e y en g a g e i n b a t t l e f o r th e p o s s e s s i o n o f

th e s o u l o f m an. The th em e i s t h e b e h a v io r o f a C h r i s t i a n

i n th e f a c e o f t e m p t in g and e n t i c i n g s n a r e s o f t h e v i c e s .

I n t h e a c t i o n t h e r e a r e t h r e e s t a b l e w o r k in g f a c t o r s : (1 )

th e e v e r p r e s e n t lo v e o f an a l l - p r o v i d e n t God; (S ) th e

i n t r i n s i c n a tu r e and v a l o r o f v i r t u e ; (3 ) m an’ s a b i l i t y ,

a id e d by g r a c e , t o c o n q u er h i s lo w e r a p p e t i t e s and t o

a c h ie v e u l t im a t e and s i g n a l v i c t o r y o v e r th e a l l u r i n g f o r c e

o f e v i l . The o r d e r e d p r o g r e s s io n i s a c h ie v e d b y th e

v i c t o r y o f th e i n d i v i d u a l V ir t u e s c u lm in a t in g i n th e e n

th ro n em en t o f Wisdom i n m an’ s s o u l .

The P sy c h o m a ch ia i s i n many a s p e c t s a u t o b io g r a p h ic a l

o f e v e r y s o u l . F or a s one r e a d s on i n t h e poem , one can

i d e n t i f y h i m s e l f a s a C h r i s t ia n com p osed o f body and s o u l

u n d er t h e c o n t r a s t e d i n f l u e n c e o f v i r t u e s and v i c e s w h ic h

c o n t in u o u s ly a s s a i l h im on e v e r y s i d e . P r u d e n t iu s w ou ld

h ave u s r e a l i z e t h a t e v e r y C h r i s t ia n i s a m i l e s C h r i s t i .

l i v i n g i n t h e m id s t o f tw o w o r ld s — t h e w o r ld o f t h e s p i r i t

and th e w o r ld o f m a t t e r — and t h a t e v e r y s o u l i s a f o r t r e s s

in p e r i l o f c o n s t a n t a t t a c k b y t h e enem y. E q u ip p ed w i t h a

c l e a r p e r c e p t io n o f t h e e t e r n a l w o r th o f v i r t u e , P r u d e n t iu s

a v a i l e d h i m s e l f o f S t . P a u l ’ s f i g u r a t i o n o f w a r fa r e a g a i n s t

v i c e , th e arch en em y o f th e human s o u l , i n t h e c o m p o s it io n

o f t h i s p o e t i c a l a l l e g o r y .

OUTLINE

P r e f a c e

1 - 1 4 . Abraham, t h e f a i t h f u l and o b e d ie n t P a t r i a r c h ,

s e t s t h e exam p le o f c o m b a tin g e v i l .

1 5 - 4 4 . The B i b l i c a l a c c o u n t o f L o t ’ s r e s c u e b y Abraham

c o n c lu d e s w i t h t h e b l e s s i n g o f M e lc h is e d e c h .

4 5 - 4 9 . A n g e l ic v i s i t a t i o n i s made t o Abraham, and

S a r a ’ s f e r t i l i t y f o r e t o l d .

5 0 - 6 5 . U n ion w i t h C h r is t and t h e B l e s s e d T r i n i t y i s

b e s to w e d on t h e s o u l , w h o , l i k e u n to Abraham,

f i g h t s v a l i a n t l y a g a i n s t e v i l p o w e r s .

P sy ch o m a ch ia

1 - 2 0 . The o p e n in g i n v o c a t io n a s k s C h r is t t o h e lp th e

s o u l r e c o g n iz e h e r s p i r i t u a l e n e m ie s .

2 1 - 3 9 . F i r s t c o n f l i c t . F a i t h tr iu m p h s o v e r P a g a n ism .

4 0 - 5 2 . S econ d c o n f l i c t . C h a s t i t y o v e r p o w e r s L u s t .

5 3 - 1 0 8 . P u r i t y , i n a lo n g s p e e c h , a t t r i b u t e s h e r v i c t o r y

t o t h e m e r i t s o f C h r is t b o m o f t h e V ir g in M ary.

1 0 9 -1 5 4 . T h ird c o n f l i c t . P a t i e n c e q u i e t l y w a i t s f o r

a n g e r t o d e s t r o y h e r s e l f b y h e r own w r a th .

1 5 5 - 1 7 7 . P a t i e n c e , acco m p a n ied b y h e r co m p a n io n . J o b , th e

s c r i p t u r a l e x p o n e n t o f h e r v i r t u e , g o e s t o th e

a id o f h e r n e e d y a l l i e s .

1 7 8 -2 5 2 . F o u r th c o n f l i c t . P r i d e , m akin g an im p o s in g

e n tr a n c e on h e r s p i r i t e d c h a r g e r , c o n f r o n t s

H u m il i t y , whom sh e s c o r n f u l l y a d d r e s s e s .

2 5 5 - 2 8 3 . T r ic k e d b y D e c e i t , P r id e , a f t e r r e v i l i n g

H u m il i t y and h e r s i s t e r g r a c e s , f a l l s i n t o a p i t

and i s s e t upon and d ism em b ered b y th e sw ord .

2 8 4 - 3 0 9 . H ope, c i t i n g t h e s c r i p t u r a l a c c o u n t o f D avid and

G o l i a t h , e x t o l l s t h e v i r t u e o f H u m ili t y .

3 1 0 -3 5 0 . F i f t h c o n f l i c t . L u xury em p lo y s s u b t l e s n a r e s b y

w h ich sh e a t t e m p ts t o w in o v e r t h e h e a r t s o f

3 5 1 - 4 0 6 . S o b r ie t y r e b u k e s t h e w a v e r in g r e g im e n t , rem in d

in g them o f t h e i r n o b le h e r i t a g e a s c h i ld r e n o f

4 0 7 - 4 5 3 . L u xury d i e s a t t h e hand o f S o b r i e t y , w h i le h e r

w a n to n com p an ion s s e e k s a f e t y i n f l i g h t .

4 5 4 -5 1 0 . S ix t h c o n f l i c t . A v a r ic e and h e r f i e n d i s h

com p an ion s a r e m in u t e ly d e s c r ib e d .

5 1 1 - 5 7 2 . R e c a l l in g h e r fo rm e r s u c c e s s f u l a t t a c k s a g a i n s t

th e s e r v a n t s o f G od, A v a r ic e a ssu m es th e g u i s e

o f F r u g a l i t y .

5 7 3 - 6 0 5 . Good W orks, p e r c e iv i n g t h e d e c e p t i o n , s t r a n g l e s

A v a r ic e in a g l a d i a t o r i a l e n c o u n te r .

6 0 6 - 6 2 8 . P a r a p h r a s in g p a s s a g e s from t h e Sermon on th e

173M ount, Good W orks u r g e s h e r h e a r e r s t o h a v e un

sh a k en t r u s t in t h e a l l - p r o v i d e n t G od.

6 2 9 - 6 6 4 . The tr iu m p h a n t V ir t u e s r e t u r n t o cam p, a n d , l i k e

t h e I s r a e l i t e s o f o l d , p r a i s e t h e A lm ig h ty .

6 6 5 - 7 0 0 . S e v e n th c o n f l i c t . D is c o r d , an u n lo o k e d - f o r

e v i l , m in g le s w i t h t h e r a n k s , s e e k in g o u t P ea c e

t o d e s t r o y h e r .

7 0 1 -7 2 5 . D is c o r d , b e t r a y e d b y h e r own f e a r , r e v e a l s h e r

s e l f t o be H e r e s y , i s s e t u p o n , a t t a c k e d , and

d ism em b ered .

7 2 6 -7 4 9 . W ith P e a c e r e s t o r e d . F a i t h and P e a c e a s s e m b le

t h e i r f o l l o w e r s .

7 5 0 -7 9 7 . P e a c e , e x t o l l i n g t h e v i r t u e s o f c o n c o r d and

b r o t h e r l y l o v e , a d m o n ish e s t h e f a i t h f u l t o w a tc h

l e s t h e r e s y i n s e r t i t s e l f i n t o t h e i r r a n k s .

7 9 8 - 8 2 2 . F a it h e n c o u r a g e s h e r l i s t e n e r s t o e r e c t , l i k e

Solom on o f o l d , a f i t t i n g te m p le i n w h ich t o

h o u se t h e Son o f God,

8 2 3 - 8 8 7 . The c o n s t r u c t io n o f a te m p le i s d e s ig n e d a f t e r

t h a t o f t h e New J e r u s a le m o f t h e A p o c a ly p s e .

8 8 8 - 9 1 5 . A p r a y e r o f g r a t i t u d e t o C h r is t i s u t t e r e d , e x -

ip r e s s in g th e s o u l ’ s a w a r e n e s s o f h e r n e e d f o r

c o n s t a n t v i g i l a n c e o v e r th e p ow ers o f e v i l .

BIBLIOGRAPHY

A. PRIMARY

A u r e l i i P r u d e n t i i d e m e n t i s , G a im in a . R e c e n s a it e t p r o - le g o m e n is com m en tario c r i t i c o , i n d io i b u s i n s t r u x i t J o a n n e s Bergm an; C orpus S c r ip to r u m E c c le s ia s t ic o r u m L a tin o ru m , V o l. L X t. V in d o b o n a e , L ip s ia e : H o e ld e r -P i c h i e r - Tem psky, 1 9 2 6 .

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Q ,u a ster , J o h a n n e s , The B e g in n in g s o f P a t r i s t i c L i t e r a t u r e . W e s tm in s te r , M ary lan d : The Newman P r e s s , 1 9 5 0 .

S a b y , P . J . E . , A H is t o r y o f C h r i s t ia n L a t in P o e t r y .O xford : The C la r en d o n P r e s s , 1 9 2 7 .

Rackham, H . , P l i n y . N a tu r a l H i s t o r y . V o l . IV . T r e m s la te d b y H. R ackhaA ; Loeb 0 l a s s i c a l L ib r a r y . C am b ridge: H arvard U n iv e r s i t y P r e s s , 1 9 4 5 .

Rand, Edward K ennard , F o u n d ers o f t h e M id d le A g e s . C am bridge: H arvard U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1 9 2 9 .

S im on , R ev . John -M ary, A S c r ip t u r a l M an u al. V o l . I .New York: J o se p h W agner, I n c . , 1 9 2 4 7 "

T a y lo r , H en ry 0 . , The C l a s s i c a l H e r ita g e o f t h e M id d le A g e s . New York: The M a cm illa n Company, 1 9 1 1 .

. The M e d ie v a l M in d . T h ird e d i t i o n . New York:The M a cm illa n Company, 1 9 1 1 .

T a y lo r , L i l y R o s s , The D i v i n i t y o f th e Roman E m peror.C o n n e c t ic u t : The A m erican P h i l o l o g i c a l A s s o c i a t i o n ,1 9 3 1 .

Thom son, H. J . , P ru d en t i u s . T r a n s la t e d b y H. J . Thom son; Loeb C l a s s i c a l L ib r a r y . C am bridge: H arvard U n iv e r s i t y P r e s s , 1 9 4 9 .

W ebber, F . R . , C hurch S y m b o lism . C le v e la n d : J . H. J a n s e n ,1 9 3 8 .

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C. DICTIONARIES AND CONCORDANCES

A ndrew s, E than A l l e n , H arper *s L a t in D i c t i o n a r y . R e v is e d , e n la r g e d , and i n g r e a t p a r t r e w r i t t e n h y C a r lto n T. L ew is and C h a r le s S h o r t . New York: A m erican BookCompany, 1 9 0 7 .

A t tw a te r , D o n a ld , A C a t h o l ic D i c t i o n a r y . New York: TheM a cm illa n Company, 1 9 2 1 .

D e f e r r a r i , Roy J o s e p h , and Jam es M a r s h a ll C a m p b ell,F r u d e n t iu s C le m e n s . A u r e l iu s : C o n c o r d a n c e . C am b ridge,M a s s a c h u s e t t s : The M e d ia e v a l Academy o f A m erica ,1 9 3 2 .

H a rp er , D ic t io n a r y o f C l a s s i c a l L i t e r a t u r e and A n t i q u i t i e s . New York: H arp er & B r o th e r s , 1 8 9 7 .

P a r e n t e , P i e t r o , A n to n io P i o l a n t i , and S a lv a t o r e G a r o fa lo , D ic t io n a r y o f D ogm atic T h e o lo g y . M ilw a u k ee: B ruceP u b l i s h in g Company, 1 9 5 1 .

Thom pson, N ew ton , and Raymond S t o c k , C om p lete C on cord an ce t o th e B ib le (D ouay V e r s io n ) . S t . L o u is : B . H erd erBook C o . , 1 9 4 6 .

W etm ore, M. N . , I n d e x Verborum V e r g i l i a n u s . New H aven:Y a le U n i v e r s i t y P r e s s , 1 9 1 1 .

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PSICHOMACHIA OF PRUDENTIUS A Thesis · The two Spanish poets, Juvencus and St. Damasus, represent...

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