Post on 13-Jul-2015
Politics & Governance with Philippine Constitution
Transition of Philippine Government: Spanish Government – Government
during the Revolution
Transition of Philippine Government
Age of Conquest• Need for spice, expansion of empire• Closure of usual trade route• Discovery of new trade route
Transition of Philippine Government
In Search of New Lands: The Coming of Magellan
Ferdinand Magellan (Fernhao Magalhaes) – a member of the Portugues nobility
Was wounded in Morocco which left him lame for life.
Conceived the idea of a passage to the West or around South America to reach the Moluccas or Spice Islands
Transition of Philippine Government
Left Portugal when the King refused to compensate him for his service and, support his plan to take a westward route to reach the Moluccas
In Spain Reached Spain in 1517, met with influential
people who helped him secure support for his plan
Transition of Philippine Government
One of those who supported him was Juan Rodriguez de Fonseca, Bishop of Burgos and Head of the Royal Council of the Indies.
The contract for the expedition was granted by King Charles and signed on March 18, 1518. Magellan was named Captain-General.
Transition of Philippine Government
Magellan‘s Fleet – Trinidad, Concepcion, Victoria, Santiago, Victoria, San Antonio
Transition of the Philippine Government Magellan‘s Arrival Reached the island of Homonhon on March
16, 1521 but only stepped foot two days later. He befriended the local Chieftain named
Kalambu (Calambu). Kalambu, impressed with the armory used by
Magellan‘s men performed the Kasi-Kasi (blood compact) to seal his friendship with Magellan.
Transition of Philippine Government
In Cebu (Sugbu), Magellan, with Datu Kalambu, made a blood compact with Humabon after the latter had won his trust and friendship.
Humabon also converted to Christianity and was named Carlos.
Magellan made Humabon the king‘s representative in Cebu and promised to unite the local chieftains under his (Humabon) authority
Transition of the Philippine Government Lapu-Lapu‘s refusal and Magellan‘s death Lapu-Lapu‘s rival Zula informed Magellan that
the former refused to accept the new political system and, pay tribute.
Magellan with an army of 60 steel-clad Spaniards, three vessels and Cebuanos invaded Mactan, the territory of Lapu-Lapu
Magellan‘s leg was hit with a posion arrow and his face was struck with a bamboo spear.
Transition of Philippine Government
Other expeditions Led by Captain Garcia Jofre de Loaysa Sebastian Cabot Alvaro Saavedra Ceron Ruy Lopez de Villalobos Miguel Lopez de Legazpi – the most
successful expedition
- spent his own resources to finance the expedition
Governments during the Spanish Era
Political Set – up (1565 – 1821)
KING OF SPAIN
Viceroy of Mexico Council of Indies
Governor - General
Governments during the Spanish Era
Political Set – UpKING OF SPAIN
Council of Indies
Ministerio de Ultramar
Governor General
Governments during the Spanish Era
Beginning of the Spanish rule The king issued a decree in 1568, instructing
Legazpi to establish towns, cities and encomiendas to be distributed to deserving soldiers/who helped in the pacification of the natives.
What is an encomienda?
Governments during the Spanish Era
Encomienda Comes from the verb encomendar meaning
to commend or commit to one‘s care Originally, the encomienda was a feudal
system used in Spain to reward deserving generals and conquerors during the Spanish wars of recovery of territory
This system was introduced by the Spanish crown to reward deserving Spaniards
Governments during the Spanish Era
and attract others to settle in the colonies. Encomienda in the Philippines was not a land
grant per se, but rather a system of land distribution that brought benefits to the encomenderos/officials and institutions.
The encomenderos has certain rights and priviledges over a piece of territory including the inhabitants and the collection of tributes (taxes)
Governments during the Spanish Era
Duties and Responsibilities of the encomendero:
2. Keep peace and order
3. Protect the inhabitants
4. Spread Christianity
5. Educate the people
6. Collect tax (Tributes)
Governments during the Spanish Era
Types of Encomienda2. Royal – owned by the King 3. Private – owned by private persons or
charitable institutions4. Ecclesiatical – owned by religious orders The system was abolished in the 19th century &
was replaced by provinces, cities, etc., which then divided the government into 2, national and local
Governments during the Spanish Era
Executive Branch
Central/National Government
Governor General‘s broad powers: Executive Legislative – which led to the expression obedezco
pero no complo Judicial Military Diplomatic Religious – due to Patronato Real
Governments during the Spanish era
Checks to Gubernatorial powers:2. Residencia – conduct trial of an outgoing governor-
general and officials by incoming governor general for purposes of punishing those guilty of corruption.
3. Visitador – sent to the colony to check the conditions in the colony
4. Royal Audiencia – similar to the Supreme court; served as advisory body to the governor; audited the expenditures of the government.
5. Archbishop and clergy6. Complaints by subordinate officials and citizens
sent to the king‘s court.
Governments during the Spanish era
Local Governments
2. Provincial Government
Provincial
Alcaldia Corregimiento (ex. Cordilleras)
Governments during the Spanish era
2. City Government – Ayuntamiento
Cabildo (city council
2 Alcaldes ordinarios
Regodores (councilors)
Alguacil mayor (chief constable
Escribao (Secretary)
Governments during the Spanish
3. Municipal Government – unit of government in towns or pueblos
Headed by gobernadorcillos (open to non-Spaniards or natives)
First occupied by pre-colonial chieftains and their descendants and later elected by an Electoral Board composed of outgoing gobernadorcillo and principalia (prominent land or property owners)
The gobernadorcillo was later replaced by a capitan or capitana
Governments during the Spanish Era
Functions of a Gobernadorcillo
Gobernadorcillo
Preparation of pardon or tribute list
Recruitment and distribution of men for draft laborPolos y servicios
Communal public work
Military Conscription
Postal Clerk
Judge in civil suits involving 44 pesos or less
Governments during the Spanish Era
Assistants
Gobernadorcillo
Supernumeraries
Constables
4 Teniente Segunda
Teniente del Barrio
Secretary
Governments during the Spanish Era
Barrio – Barangays were transformed into barrios (villages)
- Placed directly under the cabezas (head) de Barangay
- Position was purely appointive- Excused from taxes and forced labor
Governments during the Spanish Era
Functions of Cabezas:
2. Collection of tax and contributions
3. Promotion of peace and order
4. In charge of recruiting polistas for communal public works
Governments during the Spanish Era
Judicial Branch
2. Real Audiencia (Supreme Court)
3. Appellate Courts (Court of appeals) for criminal cases
4. Courts of 1st Instance (district court) in each province
5. Justices of the peace courts in pueblos (deals primarily with less serious offenses)
Governments during the Spanish Era
Legislative Branch The Cortes (Parliament) Formulated all the laws in the Philippines The most famous of which was the colonial code
called Recopilacion de Leyes de los Reynos de las Indias (Compilation of Laws on Royal lands in the Indies)
Issued or promulated in 1680, used by Spain to rule its possessions or colonies.
Removed the Philippine representation on June 18 1837
II. Structure of revolutionary movements KKK (Kataastaasan, Kagalanggalangang
Katipunan ng mag Anak ng Bayan. Organized on July 7, 1892 by Andres
Bonifacio, Deodato Arellano, Roman Basa The KKK‘s objectives were political, civic and
moral