Post on 02-Jan-2016
PS 512Welcome to Unit 3
Withdrawal Designs
• Any Questions?
• Readings: Chapter 5, Chapter 6• Schilling, D., & Schwartz, I. (2004). Alternative
Seating for Young Children with Autism Spectrum Disorder: Effects on
Classroom Behavior. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, August, Vol. 34(4), p.423-432. Retrieved from ERIC Database.
Basic Withdrawal Designs
Withdrawal designs provide direct evidence for Prediction, Verification, and Replication
• AB Baseline / Treatment• ABA Baseline/ Treatment / Baseline• ABAB Baseline/ Treatment/ Baseline/ Treatment
• Of these designs, the ABAB is the most useful for demonstrating functional relationships
• Withdrawal designs are useful :– For demonstrating clear functional relationships between
variables– When the intervention can be reversed– When the effects of the intervention will not remain once
the treatment is reversed– When withdrawal of treatment does not compromise
ethics
Example
• The effect of praise on increasing ‘In Seat’ behavior• First Steps:
– Define ‘In Seat’– Define ‘Praise’
Baseline (A) Treatment (B) Baseline (A) Treatment (B)
Measure ‘in seat’ behavior for 3 days under current conditions
Praise every 2 minutes when ‘in seat’ for 5 days
Discontinue praise for 3 days
Praise every 2 minutes when ‘in seat’ for 5 days. Continue treatment if effectiveness is demonstrated
• Withdrawal designs are less useful:– When the target behavior is not reversible– When the treatment effects continue after the
treatment is withdrawn– When it’s not in the client’s best interest to return
to baseline– When withdrawal of treatment would be unethical
Examples
Using Physical Prompting and Differential Reinforcement to decrease self injurious face slapping
Problem: It may be dangerous or unethical to withhold treatment while collecting baseline data
Aversive treatment to eliminate ‘alcohol drinking’ behavior
Problem: Effects of aversive therapy are likely to linger beyond the treatment period
Variations of the Basic Withdrawal Design
• BAB Treatment/ Baseline/ Treatment– When impossible or inappropriate to take an extended
baseline• ABABAB Base/Treat/Base/Treat/Base/Treat– To increase confidence in the functionality of the relationship
we’ve demonstrated• ABC Baseline/Treat 1/Treat 2– When trialing different treatments
• ABAC Base/Treat 1/Base/Treat 2– When trying to increase experimental control while trialing
different treatments
Use Physical Prompting and Differential Reinforcement to decrease self injurious face slapping
TREATMENT BASELINE TREATMENT
Implement procedure for 10 days
Brief withdrawal Implement procedure and continue if effective
Using Token Reinforcement to increase percentage of time spent “In Seat”
ABAB
ABCUsing Praise, then Praise+ Token to Increase % Time in Seat
• Graphing Single Subject Reversal Design with Excel
Review Later
• Importing your graph into a word document
Questions?