PROJECT MANAGEMENT

Group memberSteparies MartinZita Dewi L.R.M Robert

Critically appraise the role and scope of scientifically based methods in the

management of large complete project.

Scientifically method

Gantt ChartActivity On Arrow (AOA) and Activity On Node (AON)

- time analysis and Critical path method (CPM)Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)Resource LevelingProject Time and Cost Minimization

Gantt Chart

Provide a graphical illustration of a schedule that helps to plan, coordinate and track specific task in a project.

Display task as time bars positioned along a horizontal time scale and one that indicates to project milestone with the help of indicator.

Advantage and disadvantage of Gantt chart

Advantage Give earliest completion date Provide a schedule of earliest possible start and finish time

activities.

DisadvantageGive only earliest or latest possible schedule

Does not show whether the project is behind schedule.

Does not clarify the effect of delays in any one activity on the start of another activity, thus the project completion time.

Activity On Arrow (AOA)Knows as arrow-diagram, displays areas for two distinct purpose. That is, the areas of the project network represent both the activity and precedence relations between activity.

Activity On Node (AON)A tools to plan and analysis project, using rectangles (nodes) to represent activity.

Advantage and disadvantage of AOA and AON

Advantage Display logical relationship among various activity in project

Helps the project manager see how the various activity flow towards completion in chronological orders.

Its provide how resource are utilized in a project for a given time period which could help the manager to perform resource leveling if necessary.

Disadvantage Network diagram also do not clearly show time line for a project.

Large networks require dedicated maintenance and analysis.

Network diagram do not lead themselves to easy reproduction / distribution.

Tools and system can be expensive to acquire and maintain.

Time analysis and Critical Path Method (CPM)

To determine the expected time of project complete

Determine the critical path on the project. Used to formulate a times frame for project in

order to determine where potential delays are most likely to occur.

The process include step-by-step process that provide the developer with a visual representation of potential bottleneck throughout course of the project

advantage and disadvantage of Time Analysis and Critical Path Method

(CPM)Advantage Helpful for scheduling, monitoring and controlling project. Shows the activities and outcome as a network. Determine slack and float times. Can define multiple or equally critical path.

Disadvantage Can be complicated and complexity increase for large project. Dose not handle the scheduling of personal or the allocation

of resources. Estimating activity completion times can be difficult.

Program Evaluation and Review Technique (PERT)

A statistical technique applied to a network schedule, which allows for the randomness in task completion times.

Calculate the range of possible completion times and probability of meeting deadlines.

Advantage and disadvantage of PERT

Advantage Expected project completion time. Determine the probability of completion before a specified

date. Determine the critical path activities that directly impact the

completion time.

Disadvantage The activity times are somewhat subjective and depend on

judgment. Even the activity times are well estimate, PERT assumes a

beta distribution for the actual distribution may be different.

Resource leveling

To minimize the cost or main power resourcing.

Advantage and disadvantage of Resource Leveling

Advantage To supervise and monitoring the necessity of labor usage at the specific task. In this way, the project manager somehow will manage to reduce the cost of main power.

DisadvantageIs hard to minimize the main power for a large scale of completion project.

Project Time Reduction and Cost Minimization

Reducing the total project time that will be considered here is the reduction of critical activity durations by increasing resource.

Advantage and disadvantage of Project Time Reduction and Cost Minimization

Advantage To minimize the total project cost.

To reduce the duration of a critical path in project.

Disadvantage

A new critical path will appears

Other method that should be consider;

Qualitative skill among the project manager.

Involve an in depth understanding of human behaviors and the reasons that govern human resource behavior.

They have to understand the reasons behind various aspects of behavior.

The characteristic

Interpersonal skillResponsible for the coordinating the effort of the technical staff assigned to the project.

Organizational skillTo keep project on schedule and budget

Communication skillMust be able to clearly communicate

Problem solving skillMust be able to effectively handle the situations so they don’t get out of control.

Team buildingCreating a team atmosphere where the team believe that

Flexibility and creativityUsing the “project manager toolbox” effectively will assist in delivering

a successful project.

KnowledgeableProject manager must be knowledgeable about the business and technical aspect of the project.

Leadership skillProject manager must build authority through appropriate leadership.

TrustworthinessThe project manager must have the trust of all the stakeholder involve in the project.

Conclusions

The usage of scientifically method such as Gantt chart, AOA, AON, PERT, and Project time reduction and cost minimization are compulsory in order to get the large project completed timely.

Other than that, a project manager of an project should consider their ability on qualitative skill that they have, to make sure the project completion development will go smootly.

Cost factor is another agenda that needs to be highlighted and it is need to be tackle thoroughly in order to reduce the unnecessary cost incurs.