Post on 11-Jul-2018
Project: IEEE 802.11bb Task Group
Submission Title: IEEE 802.11bb Reference Channel Models for Vehicular Communications
Date Submitted: July 06, 2018
Source: Murat Uysal (Ozyegin University), Farshad Miramirkhani (Ozyegin University),Tuncer Baykas (Istanbul Medipol University), Emrah Kinav (Ford Otosan), and Omer RustuErgen (Ford Otosan).
Address: Ozyegin University, Nisantepe Mh. Orman Sk. No:34-36 Çekmekoy 34794Istanbul, TurkeyVoice: +90 (216) 5649329, Fax: +90 (216) 5649450, E-Mail: murat.uysal@ozyegin.edu.tr
Abstract: This contribution proposes LiFi reference channel models for vehicularcommunications.
Purpose: To introduce reference channel models for the evaluation of different PHYproposals.
Notice: This document has been prepared to assist the IEEE 802.11. It is offered as a basis fordiscussion and is not binding on the contributing individual(s) or organization(s). Thematerial in this document is subject to change in form and content after further study. Thecontributor(s) reserve(s) the right to add, amend or withdraw material contained herein.
Release: The contributor acknowledges and accepts that this contribution becomes theproperty of IEEE and may be made publicly available by 802.11.
1
July 2018 doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
Submission M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
IEEE 802.11bb Reference Channel Models for
Vehicular Communications
2
July 2018
Submission M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
Outline
3
July 2018
Submission
o Introduction
• Overview of Channel Modeling Methodology• Modeling of the Outdoor Environment• Headlamp Modeling• Modeling of Weather Conditions (Clear Weather, Rainy Weather and Foggy Weather)
o Vehicular Scenario under Consideration
• Channel Impulse Responses (CIRs)• Effective Channel Responses• Channel Characteristics
o Conclusions
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
Overview of Channel Modeling Methodology[1]
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July 2018
Submission
[1] M. Elamassie, M. Karbalayghareh, F. Miramirkhani, R. C. Kizilirmak, and M. Uysal, “Effect of fog and rain on theperformance of vehicular visible light communications,” IEEE 87th Vehicular Technology Conference (VTC2018-Spring), Porto, Portugal, Jun. 2018.
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
Modeling of the Outdoor Environment
5
July 2018
Submission
o Creation of 3D outdoor environment in Zemax® involves the selection of
• Dimension and shape of the outdoor environment
• CAD objects within the environment (buildings, cars, roads etc)
• Position and type of transmitters and receivers
• Type and properties of materials
Class Road Surface Composition Mode of Reflectance
R1 Asphalt with aggregate including a minimum of
15% artificial brightener aggregate
Mostly diffuse
R2 Asphalt with aggregate including a minimum of
60% gravel sized larger than 10 mm
Asphalt with aggregate including a minimum of
10-15% artificial brightener aggregate
Mixed diffuse and specular
R3 Asphalt with dark aggregate-the surface
becomes rough after several months of use
Slightly specular
R4 Very smooth asphalt Mostly specular
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
Headlamp Modeling
6
July 2018
Submission
400 450 500 550 600 650 7000
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100
Wavelength (nm)
Re
lativ
e R
adia
nt
Po
wer
(%)
Relative Spectral Power Distribution
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
-151
-120
-90
-60
-30
0.1
0.2
0.3
0.4
0.5
0.6
0.7
0.8
0.9
1.0
0
30
60
90
120
150
180
-151
-120
-90
-60
-30
Relative spectral power distribution of Philips LUXEON Rebel
Relative intensity distributions of high-beam headlamp
Relative intensity distributions of low-beam headlamp
Spatial distribution of low-beam headlamp Spatial distribution of high-beam headlamp
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
Modeling of Weather Conditions
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July 2018
Submission
o To model the interaction of rays with the air, Mie scattering is used to modelrainy and foggy weather conditions with different visibilities.
o “Bulk scatter” method in the Zemax software allows providing the inputparameters
• “Particle index” (the refractive index of particles)
• “Size” (the radius of the spherical particles)
• “Density” (the density of particles). The characteristics of various weather types are listed in Table below.
Particle Index Size (μm) Density (cm-3)
Clear 1.000277 10-4 1019
Rain 1.33 100 0.1
Fog, 1.33 10 124.6
Fog, 1.33 10 622.6
50 mV
10mV
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
o Based on Monte Carlo Ray Tracing.
o Sobol sampling is used for speeding up ray tracing.
o The Zemax® non-sequential ray-tracing tool generates an output file, whichincludes all the data about rays such as the detected power and path lengths foreach ray.
o The data from Zemax® output file is imported to MATLAB® and using theseinformation, the multipath CIR is expressed as
Pi = the power of the ith ray
τi = the propagation time of the ith rayδ(t) = the Dirac delta functionNr = the number of rays received at the detector
1
rN
i ii
h t P t
Channel Impulse Response (CIR)
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July 2018
Submission M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
Effect of LED Response
o In addition to the multipath propagation environment, the low-passcharacteristics of the LED sources should be further taken into account inchannel modelling.
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July 2018
Submission
LED
cut-off
1
1
H ff
jf
2
cut-off
ln 2
LED
f
fH f e
LED Model 1 [2]
cut-offf : 3 dB cut-off frequency of the LED
LED Model 2 [3]
[2] L. Grobe, and K. D. Langer, “Block-based PAM with frequency domain equalization in visible light communications,”In IEEE Globecom Workshops (GC Wkshps), pp. 1070-1075, 2013.[3] M. Wolf, S. A. Cheema, M. Haardt, and L. Grobe, “On the performance of block transmission schemes in opticalchannels with a Gaussian profile,” In 16th International Conference on Transparent Optical Networks (ICTON), pp. 1-8,2014.
0 5 10 15 20-3
-2.5
-2
-1.5
-1
-0.5
0
Frequency [MHz]
|HL
ED(f
)|2 [
dB
]
LED Model 1
LED Model 2
fcut-off
=5 MHz
fcut-of f
=10 MHz
fcut-of f
=20 MHz
fcut-off
=15 MHz
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
o We assume that the two vehicles are separated from each other initially at a distance of10 meter.
10
Simulation Scenario
July 2018
Submission
TX1 TX2
PD
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
Simulation Parameters
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July 2018
Submission
Transmitter specifications Type: High-beam headlamp
Brand: Philips Luxeon Rebel white LED
Power: 1 Watt per each headlamp
Receiver specifications Area: 1 cm2
FOV: 180º
Coating material of vehicle Black gloss paint
Road type R2
Weather types Clear
Rainy
Foggy with visibilities of 50 m and 10 mV
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
CIR Results (Clear Weather)
12
July 2018
Submission
30 32 34 36 38 400
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =10 m
30 32 34 36 38 400
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =11 m
35 37 39 41 43 450
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =12 m
35 37 39 41 43 450
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =13 m
45 47 49 51 53 550
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =14 m
45 47 49 51 53 550
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =15 m
50 52 54 56 58 600
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =16 m
50 52 54 56 58 600
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =17 m
55 57 59 61 63 650
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =18 m
60 62 64 66 68 700
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =19 m
60 62 64 66 68 700
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =20 m
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
Effective Channel Responses (Clear Weather)
13
July 2018
Submission
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20-110
-108
-106
-104
-102
-100
-98
-96
-94
-92
-90
Frequency [MHz]
|Heff
(f)|
2 [
dB
]
d=10 m
d=11 m
d=12 m
d=13 m
d=14 m
d=15 m
d=16 m
d=17 m
d=18 m
d=19 m
d=20 m
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
o For the effective channel responses, the “LED Model 1” with cut-off frequencyof 20 MHz is considered.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
CIR Results (Rainy Weather)
14
July 2018
Submission
30 32 34 36 38 400
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =10 m
30 32 34 36 38 400
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =11 m
35 37 39 41 43 450
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =12 m
35 37 39 41 43 450
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =13 m
45 47 49 51 53 550
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =14 m
45 47 49 51 53 550
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =15 m
50 52 54 56 58 600
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =16 m
50 52 54 56 58 600
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =17 m
55 57 59 61 63 650
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =18 m
60 62 64 66 68 700
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =19 m
60 62 64 66 68 700
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =20 m
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
Effective Channel Responses (Rainy Weather)
15
July 2018
Submission
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20-110
-108
-106
-104
-102
-100
-98
-96
-94
-92
-90
Frequency [MHz]
|Heff
(f)|
2 [
dB
]
d=10 m
d=11 m
d=12 m
d=13 m
d=14 m
d=15 m
d=16 m
d=17 m
d=18 m
d=19 m
d=20 m
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
CIR Results (Foggy Weather, V=50 m)
16
July 2018
Submission
30 32 34 36 38 400
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =10 m
30 32 34 36 38 400
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =11 m
35 37 39 41 43 450
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =12 m
35 37 39 41 43 450
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =13 m
45 47 49 51 53 550
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =14 m
45 47 49 51 53 550
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =15 m
50 52 54 56 58 600
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =16 m
50 52 54 56 58 600
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =17 m
55 57 59 61 63 650
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =18 m
60 62 64 66 68 700
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =19 m
60 62 64 66 68 700
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5x 10
-5
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =20 m
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
17
July 2018
Submission
Effective Channel Responses (Foggy Weather, V=50 m)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20-110
-108
-106
-104
-102
-100
-98
-96
-94
-92
-90
Frequency [MHz]
|Heff
(f)|
2 [
dB
]
d=10 m
d=11 m
d=12 m
d=13 m
d=14 m
d=15 m
d=16 m
d=17 m
d=18 m
d=19 m
d=20 m
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
CIR Results (Foggy Weather, V=10 m)
18
July 2018
Submission
30 32 34 36 38 400
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
-6
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =10 m
30 32 34 36 38 400
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
-6
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =11 m
35 37 39 41 43 450
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
-6
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =12 m
35 37 39 41 43 450
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
-6
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =13 m
45 47 49 51 53 550
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
-6
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =14 m
45 47 49 51 53 550
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
-6
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =15 m
50 52 54 56 58 600
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
-6
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =16 m
50 52 54 56 58 600
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
-6
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =17 m
55 57 59 61 63 650
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
-6
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =18 m
60 62 64 66 68 700
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
-6
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =19 m
60 62 64 66 68 700
0.5
1
1.5
2
2.5
3
3.5
4x 10
-6
Time(ns)
Pow
er
CIR, d =20 m
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
19
July 2018
Submission
Effective Channel Responses (Foggy Weather, V=10 m)
0 2 4 6 8 10 12 14 16 18 20-134
-132
-130
-128
-126
-124
-122
-120
-118
-116
-114
-112
-110
-108
-106
-104
Frequency [MHz]
|Heff
(f)|
2 [
dB
]
d=10 m
d=11 m
d=12 m
d=13 m
d=14 m
d=15 m
d=16 m
d=17 m
d=18 m
d=19 m
d=20 m
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
Channel Characteristics (1/2)
20
July 2018
Submission
(m)(ns)
Clear Rain Fog (V=50 m)
Fog (V=10 m)
Clear Rain Fog (V=50 m)
Fog (V=10 m)
10 7.95 7.95 7.95 7.97 1.14×10-4 1.08×10-4 8.66×10-5 1.95×10-5
11 7.95 7.95 7.95 7.99 1.06×10-4 1.03×10-4 7.44×10-5 1.73×10-5
12 7.95 7.95 7.95 7.95 9.92×10-5 9.56×10-5 6.76×10-5 1.55×10-5
13 7.95 7.95 7.95 7.97 9.01×10-5 8.38×10-5 6.08×10-5 1.09×10-5
14 7.95 7.95 7.95 8.56 8.01×10-5 7.68×10-5 4.93×10-5 7.91×10-6
15 7.95 7.95 7.95 7.97 6.92×10-5 6.45×10-5 4.03×10-5 4.73×10-6
16 7.95 7.95 7.95 8.02 6.20×10-5 5.89×10-5 3.91×10-5 5.08×10-6
17 7.95 7.95 7.95 8.14 5.66×10-5 5.50×10-5 2.91×10-5 4.06×10-6
18 7.95 7.95 7.95 7.99 5.21×10-5 4.82×10-5 3.09×10-5 1.64×10-6
19 7.95 7.95 7.95 8.16 4.71×10-5 4.39×10-5 2.37×10-5 1.85×10-6
20 7.95 7.95 7.97 7.96 4.43×10-5 4.05×10-5 2.13×10-5 1.64×10-6
RMS0H
d
M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb
21
July 2018
Submission M. Uysal, F. Miramirkhani, T. Baykas, et al.
Channel Characteristics (2/2)
10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 200
0.2
0.4
0.6
0.8
1
1.2x 10
-4
Distance (m)
H0
Clear Weather
Rainy Weather
Foggy Weather, V=50 m
Foggy Weather, V=10 m
doc.: IEEE 11-18-1237-01-00bb