Transcript of Progressivism Not a unified political movement, but rather a broad range of reform movements ...
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- Progressivism Not a unified political movement, but rather a
broad range of reform movements Rejected Social Darwinism,
laissez-faire economics, & Individualism
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- Progressivism Blamed industrialization & urbanization for
the filth, crime, and poverty of American cities, yet embraced the
power of science and technology to build a better society Believed
change can only come through government regulation of the economy
and providing direct help to those in need Progressives tended to
be urban, educated, middle-class Americans Leadership came from
journalists, educators, social workers, and the clergy
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- REMEMBER THESE
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- Rockefellers influence-power
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- Muckrakers Journalists who investigate social conditions,
unfair business practices, and political corruption (today, this is
called investigative journalism) Term first coined by Theodore
Roosevelt in a 1906 speech
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- His vertical and horizontal integration- monopoly!
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- Ida Tarbell 1857 1944 Magazine journalist Wrote The History of
Standard Oil Company (1904), an expose of Rockefellers unethical
business practices For many Americans, this was their first lesson
in the dangers of trusts and monopolies
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- Charles Edward Russell 1860 1941 Journalist Exposed the
conditions in Chicagos stockyards, badly damaging the reputation of
the beef industry One of the founders of the NAACP in 1909 Later
became a socialist, ran for office in NY
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- David Graham Phillips 1867 1911 Journalist / Novelist Exposed
how campaign contributions had led to corruption in the Senate; the
public uproar that followed led to the passage of the 17 th
Amendment, changing how Senators are elected Shot and killed by a
man who believed Phillips expos had led to the downfall of his
familys reputation
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- Lincoln Steffens 1846 1936 Journalist Wrote The Shame of the
Cities (1904), an expos on political corruption within the US major
cities Later became a communist, declaring after a visit to the
Soviet Union in 1919: I've seen the future, and it works
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- Jacob Riis 1840 1914 Danish immigrant Worked as a journalist
and crime scene photographer Wrote How the Other Half Lives (1890):
Used photographs to expose the squalor and horrible living
conditions in the tenements and slums of NYC Worked with then NYC
police- commissioner Theodore Roosevelt to effect reforms within
the NYPD
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- Naturalists Group of novelists who argued that, contrary to
survival of the fittest, sometimes people fail through no fault of
their own they are caught up in circumstances that they cant
control; part of the Realism movement
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- Stephen Crane 1871 1900 Wrote Maggie, A Girl of the Streets
(1893): tale of a girl forced by family circumstances into
prostitution and death Also wrote The Red Badge of Courage (1895),
the short-story The Open Boat Died of tuberculosis which he
contracted while covering the Spanish- American War
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- Jack London 1876 1916 Author of The Call of the Wild (1903)
Wrote stories of mans struggle against the uncontrollable power of
nature Also a socialist
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- The Social Gospel 1870 1920 Work to improve society through the
biblical ideals of charity and justice Primarily church- centere d
Churches began to evolve from being simply places of worship to
being community centers and taking on missions designed to help the
poor provide gyms, social programs, day care
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- The Salvation Army Began in England in 1865 as the Christian
Mission, spread to US in 1880 The advancement of the Christian
religion as promulgated in the religious doctrines... the
advancement of education, the relief of poverty, and other
charitable objects beneficial to society or the community of
mankind as a whole.
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- The YMCA The Young Mens Christian Association Began in England
in 1844, spread quickly throughout US Aim was to help urban workers
by offering Bible studies, prayer meetings, citizenship classes
Facilities included gyms, pools, libraries, auditoriums, and
temporary low-cost lodging
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- Jane Addams 1860 1935 Founded Hull House, a settlement house in
Chicago First woman to win the Nobel Peace Prize Supported the idea
that Christians have a moral responsibility to fix societys
problems & help the less fortunate
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- Settlement Houses Most famous settlement house = Chicagos Hull
House Middle class settlers moved into working class neighborhoods
to help provide education, meals, childcare, medical care, and
general advice to immigrants and poor workers
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- Public Education Industrialization increased demand for a
trained, educated workforce Schools were also necessary for
Americanizing immigrants children: they learned English, US
History, patriotism, responsibilities of citizenship
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- School to Work Pipeline Schools were used to teach the traits
necessary to succeed in the industrial workforce: punctuality,
attendance, neatness, efficiency, attention to detail, obedience to
authority High schools offered a variety of technical and
vocational skills
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- Public Universities Due to the Morrill Land Grant Act, the
number of public universities rose dramatically Between 1870 and
1890, the number of American students in college tripled New
colleges opened aimed specifically at educating female and black
students