Progress in the 19th Century

Chapter 10, Section 4

Inventions Make Life EasierThomas Edison patents light bulb

Alexander Graham Bell - telephone

Transportation Innovations

• 1880s, Germans invent first car• Henry Ford lowers cost with

interchangeable parts and assembly line—one task per worker

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Wright brothers develop first airplane

New Ideas in Medicine

• Louis Pasteur discovers existence of bacteria while observing fermentation– Also learns heat kills bacteria– Develops pasteurization process– He quickly discovers that bacteria cause disease

• British surgeon Joseph Lister links bacteria to surgical problems

• Sterilizing instruments reduces deaths from infection

• Sterile Surgical Techniques

• Cities improve sanitation

DISCLAIMER

New Ideas in Science

• Charles Darwin Challenges Creationism• Darwin introduces– Natural Selection– Survival of the Fittest

• Theory of evolution—species change slowly over very very long periods of time through natural selection

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GENETICS

• Gregor Mendel discovers patterns to inherited traits

created by Dmitri Mendeleev

Radioactivity

• Discovered by Marie & Pierre Curie• Used to treat

cancer, X-rays• Video

Psychology

• Ivan Pavlov & his dogs–Pavlov Theory

• Sigmund Freud – Dreams and the

subconscious