PROGRAM DEVELOPMEN

TBY: KAYDEAN STERLING

THE QUEENS SCHOOL

6BH

PROGRAMINGDEVELOPMENT

CYCLE

What is the programing development cycle?

This is the steps used in planning a program. It uses a sequence of steps, that will enable efficient use of time and help to minimise programing errors and produce the desired output.

ANALYSE

This step entails the definition of the problem. It tells what the program should do and the relation ship between the input and the desired output.

DESIGN

This is the planning of the solution by developing an algorithm. This will involve graphically or in sequential statements depicting the logical steps (related to each other ) which will be needed to solve the problem.

CODING

The translation of the algorithm into programming language.It will use basic human language which can be read as programing language by the computer. such as:

Write; for output

Read; for inputNB: Other input/output statements can be used

TEST AND DEBUGING

Testing is the location of errors by doing manual and computerised run of the program. After locating the error it is then fixed by de bugging the program. A bug is any error in the program that causes it to give undesired output.

DOCUMENTATION

This is the organisation of the material so that another programmer can understand the program . This is in case they wish to update and maintain the program at a later date. Internal documentation points out the purpose of various parts of the program.

PROGRAMINGPARADIGMS

Definition

A programming paradigm is a fundamental style of computer programming. It is a specific way of building the structure and elements of computer programs.

There are four major types of programing paradigms. These are: Imperative paradigm Functional paradigm Logic paradigm Object-oriented paradigm

Imperative Paradigm

Referred to as 'first do this, next do that' paradigm.

Computations are performed through a guided sequence of steps.

Variables are referred to or changed. Ordering of steps are crucial as results

depend on the order or sequence of the steps.

Rooted in the key technological ideas of the digital computer.

Example of such programs

Fortran Pascal Basic C

Functional Paradigm

Simpler and more clean programming paradigm than the imperative one in that it is less complicated.

Originates from a purely mathematical discipline

All computations are done by applying functionsFunctions are full-fledged data just like

numbers, lists,ect.

Examples of such programs

Scheme Haskell Miranda ML

Logic Paradigms

A declarative approach to problem-solving. Programmer specifies a set of facts and rules, and an

engine infers the answers to questions. The role of the computer when reading or debugging

the program is maintaining data and logical deduction. 

A logical program is divided into three sections:

I. A series of definitions/declarations that define the problem domain.

II. Statements of relevant facts.

III. Statement of goals in the form of a query.

Examples of such programs

Prolog Parlog Vulcan Polka Mercury

Object-Oriented Paradigm

Based on the sending of messages to objects.

Objects respond to messages by performing operations. They have their own set of operations.

When you send a command you call request subroutines.

Examples of such programs

Java C++

Differences

Imperative: direct assignments, common data structures.

Functional: uses strictly mathematical functions.

Object-oriented: uses objects , sends messages to sub routines.

Logic: uses completely logical data and carry out queries.

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