Post on 15-Dec-2015
Prof. Dr. Shehata El SewedyDr. Tarek El SewedyDr. Hewida Fadel
Biochemistry 1(MLBC-201)
Introduction to Biochemistry
Student Assessment
Midterm Exam
Assignment
Attendance
Practical Exam (25 Marks)
Final Exam (50 Marks)
- By the end of this lecture, students will
have a general overview on the contents
of Biochemistry course.
- As well as some basics of Biochemistry
Intended Learning Outcomes
Biochemistry can be defined as the science concerned
with the chemical basis of life (Greek bios “life”).
Since cells are the structural units of living systems. Thus,
biochemistry can also be described as the science concerned
with the chemical constituents of living cells and with the
reactions and they undergo.
Because life depends on biochemical reactions, biochemistry
has become the basic language of all biologic sciences.
The Aim of BiochemistryThe major aim of biochemistry is the complete
understanding, at the molecular level, of all of
the chemical processes associated with living
cells.
To achieve this objective, biochemists have
sought to isolate the numerous molecules found
in cells, determine their structures, and
analyze how they function.
Around 25 of the 94 naturally occurring chemical elements are essential to various kinds of biological life.
Just six elements— carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen, calcium, and phosphorus—make up almost 99% of the mass of a human cells.
Life on earth depends on the chemical element carbon, which is present in every living thing.
Starting materials: elements of life
Biochemistry is concerned with the entire
spectrum
of life forms, from relatively simple viruses and
bacteria
to complex human beings.
A sound knowledge of biochemistry and of
other related basic disciplines is essential for
the rational
practice of medical and related health
sciences.
Perhaps All Disease Has a Biochemical Basis.
Knowledge of the biochemical molecules shown in the top part of
the diagram has clarified our understanding of the diseases shown
in the bottom half—and conversely, analyses of the diseases shown
below have cast light on many areas of biochemistry
Examples of the two-way street connecting biochemistry and medicine
Biomolecules of lifeThere are 4 classes of biomolecules to be studied in this
biochemistry course:
1. Carbohydrates
2. Proteins.
3. Lipids
4. Nucleic acids
Biomolecules are polymers: in this terminology, monomers
are relatively small micromolecules that are linked together to
create large macromolecules, which are known as polymers.
Carbohydrates are made from monomers called monosaccharides. Some of these monosaccharides include glucose (C6H12O6), fructose (C6H12O6), and deoxyribose (C5H10O4)
Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for living
organisms and are made of carbon, hydrogen,
and oxygen.
Chlorophyll in plants absorbs light energy from the
sun. This energy is used in the process of
photosynthesis, which allows green plants to take in
carbon dioxide and release oxygen and allows for the
production of carbohydrates.
Plants transform carbon dioxide (CO 2 ) from the air,
water (H 2 O) from the ground, and energy from the sun
into oxygen (O 2 ) and carbohydrates.
Humans and other animals obtain carbohydrates
by eating foods that contain them. In order to use
the energy contained in the carbohydrates,
humans must metabolize , or break down, the
structure of the molecule in a process that is
opposite that of photosynthesis. It starts with the
carbohydrate and oxygen and produces carbon
dioxide, water, and energy. The body utilizes the
energy and water and rids itself of the carbon
dioxide.
carbohydrates serve as energy source.
ribose and deoxyribose sugars form part of of
RNA and DNA.
polysaccharides are structural elements in the
cell
carbohydrates are linked to many proteins and
lipids, where they play key roles in mediating.