Post on 01-Feb-2016
description
Prof. Dr. Július Novotný,CSc. Dr. Milan Zúbrik
Forest Research Institute Zvolen, Research Station B. Stiavnica, Lesnícka 11, 969 23, Slovak republic
Integrated pest management in close nature forestry
The tree decline as a key problem
TreeTreeForest standForest stand
Forest ecosystemForest ecosystem
STRESTRESSSSINJURIOUS INJURIOUS FACTORSFACTORS
FOREST DECLINEFOREST DECLINE
The key approaches
...caused by weather anomalies, emissions, wind, snow, insects, fungi infections etc. results in the decline of commercially and ecologically important forest tree species.
•Natural forests are more pest resistant.
•Have a close nature forest - have a healthly forests
General decrease of the vitality and stability of forest stands
Injurious factors
Biotic agents phytopathogenic micro-organisms, insect pestsbark beetles and wood borers, leaf-eating and sucking, insects, game
Anthropogenic injurious factors air pollution, immissions, other anthropogenic injurious factors
Abiotic injurious factors weather anomalies, wind, snow, frost, dry...
synergistic effect
49,2
42,8 43,2
51,7
59,6 60 59,7 58,8
41,846,2
49,2
39,535,1
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70%
Injurious factors
Proportion of incidental felling in total volume of felling in Slovakia (in %)
Injurious factors
Damage caused by non-biotic injurious factors
0
500000
1000000
1500000
2000000
2500000
3000000
rok
m3
droughtsnow
wind
The key approaches
WHAT IS Integrated pest management ?
It is a system of the different methods in silviculture, forest management and forest protection with target to prohibit forest from injury.
The key approaches
WHY Integrated pest management ?
We do not control one single agant but we are dealing with several agents which attack the forest in the same time or one after the other.
IPMrules
Integrated pest management general RULES
•Economical
•Effective
•Ecological
•Different treatments have to by co-ordinated together.
•Make prevention instead of suppression or eradication.
IPMrules
Integrated pest management general RULES
•Pest management has to be realised on a large (possible all) infected area.
•We do not need fully remove the pest from the ecosystem - we need to keep its population density under the economical (or another) level.
•Combination of mechanical, chemical and biological treatments.
Models Integrated pest management MODELS
•Basic information (tree, stands, soil, position, insect presence...)
•Simulation of possible combined effects of the injurious factors
Models Integrated pest management MODELS
•Models for ecosystems (mountain forests, nature reserve)
•Models for tree species (spruce, beech...)
Model contents
•risk factors
•treatments in prevention
•treatments in suppresion
Forest pests
Bio agents -leaf eating insectHmyz
huby•Gypsy moth (Lymantria dispar)
•Tortricids on oak (Tortrix viridana, Aleima loenflingiana...)
•Geometrids on oak (Erannis defoliaria, Operophtera brumata)
•Silver fir woolly aphid (Dreyfusia nordmannianae)
•Melolontha sp.
Forest area defoliated by leaf eating insect during last 10 years period in Slovakia
Forest pests
0
5000
10000
15000
20000
25000
92 93 94 95 96 97 98 99 0 1 2
year
ha
Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar in Slovakia - area
Forest pests
Legend: Územie najviac ohrozené
Územie ohrozené škodcom
Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar in Slovakia - population dynamic
Forest pests
0
2000
4000
6000
8000
10000
12000
14000
16000
year
ha
Forest pests
Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar in Slovakia
•Monitoring of population dynamic.
Annual and regular monitoring system using pheromone
traps.
•Monitoring of natural enemies complex.In 1960-65 were two egg parasitoids Ooencyrtus cuvanae and Anastatus disparis introduced from south Europe into the south Slovakia. They were successfully established in Forest ecosystems.
Monitoring of parasitoids and predators through different projects.
Forest pests
Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar in Slovakia
•Criteria for area applications-in high quality production forests, forests close to urban area, forest in central part of gradation area, places with low population density of natural enemies...
•Pesticides aplication on large area only.
YY
YYYYYYYYYYYY
YYYYYY
YY YY
YYYYYYYYYYYY
NNYYNN
NN
NN YY
Forest pests
Example - wrong solution
YY
YYYYYYYYYYYY
YYYYYY
YY YY
YYYYYYYYYYYY
YYYYYY
YY
YY YY
Forest pests
Example - good solution
Forest pests
Gypsy moth Lymantria dispar in Slovakia
•SIT
•ULV treatments -2-4 l/ ha
•Only viruses or B.t. pesticides used.
In 1994-1995 was Foray on area of 5000 ha applied.
Forest pests
Bio agents -bark beetles and wood borers
• Ips typographus
• Pityogenes chalcographus
• Ips sexdentatus
• Ips acuminatus
• Scolytus intricatus
Ips typographus in Slovakia - areaForest pests
Ips typographus in Slovakia - population dynamic
Forest pests
0
100000
200000
300000
400000
500000
600000
700000
800000
900000
1000000
1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002
year
m3
I. typographus
P. chalcographus
Ips typographus in Slovakia Forest pests
• consistent hygiene in the forests
• searching, cutting and sanitation of the infected trees.
• Bringing the population density down trap trees, pheromone traps
NV1,0 - 1,5 %0,5 %5 – 6 l/m3Vaztak 10 SC
NV1,0 - 1,5 %0,5 %5 – 6 l/m3Vaztak 10 EC
NV0,1 – 0,2 %0,05 %5 – 6 l/m3Regent 800 WG
NV1,0 - 1,5 %0,5 – 1,0 %5 – 6 l/m3Karate 2,5 WG
NV0,5 - 0,7 %0,3 – 0,5 %5 – 6 l/m3Fury 10 EW
ULV30 %--0,6 l/m3Cyples 30 ULV
NV1,5 %0,5 %5 – 6 l/m3Cyper 10 EM
volumesanitationpreventiondose Pesticide
Ips typographus in Slovakia Forest pests
THEYSOHNTHEYSOHN ECOTRAP
ResultsConclusion
The are no principle differences between IPM in normal managed forest and in nature close forest.
Theoretical knowledge about IPM has to by implement directly in to the praxis and applied in the close nature forests.
....thank you for your attention!