Prof. Ashraf Husain

Arrhythmia is defined as irregular impulse formation in the form of rate, conduction or change in interrelationship of timing of R-R interval

Change slope Symp.

Change thrashold

Phase 4 change in slope. PS

Change in RMP

Atrial re-entry Atrial tachycardia Atrial fibrilation Atrial flutter

AV Nodal re-entry Supraventricular tachycardias

AV re-entry (Aberent) WPW synd. Supraventricular tachy

Ventricular re-entry Ventricular tachycardias

many go unnoticed and produce no symptoms

palpitations - ranging from ³noticing´ or ³being aware´ of ones heartbeat to a sensation of the heart ³beating out of the chest´

if Q is affected (HR > 300) - lightheadedness and syncope, fainting

drugs & electrolyte imbalances - antiarrhythmic drugs, hypokalemia,imbalances of calcium and magnesium

very rapid arrhythmias u myocardial oxygen demand r ischemiaand angina

sudden death - especially in the case of an acute MI‡ mechanism differentiation from ECG very difficult to impossible