Production of Energy

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Cell Metabolism(Physiology)

defined as

all the chemical reactionsor changes within a cell

Metabolism

Broken into two main types1. Anabolism• Building up of molecules • Requires energy 2. Catabolism• Breaking down of molecules• Releases energy

Check: Anabolic or Catabolic?

amino acids join together to make dipeptides:

e.g. NH2CHRCOOH + NH2CHRCOOH =12 NH2CHRCONHCHRCOOH + H2O

anabolic

Check: Anabolic or Catabolic?

The decomposition of hydrogen peroxide into water and oxygen:

2H2O2 =12 2H2O + O2

Catabolic

Check: Anabolic or Catabolic?

The conversion of glucose during respiration to produce carbon dioxide and water.

C6H12O6 + 6O2 =12 6CO2 + 6H2O

Catabolic

Check: Anabolic or Catabolic?

glycerol reacts with fatty acids to make lipids:

e.g. CH2OHCH(OH)CH2OH + C17H35COOH =12 CH2OHCH(OH)CH2OOCC17H35

Anabolic

Metabolism

controlled byEnzymes

Review: Enzymes

Enzymes belong to which group of chemicals?a. lipidsb. carbohydratesc. proteinsd. nucleic acids

Review: Enzymes

Enzymes act as biologicala. catalystsb. inhibitorsc. substratesd. solvents

Review: Enzymes

Enzymes speed up biological reactions bya. lowering the temperature of the reactionb. increasing the temperature of the reactionsc. lowering the activation energy of the reactiond. increasing the activation energy of the reaction

Metabolism

Requires

Chemical energy

Made during cellular respiration (ATP)

Metabolism

follow

Pathways

A sequence of enzymecontrolled reactions

Metabolism

Instructed by

DNA

Cellular Respiration Summary- Glycolysis

Cellular Respiration Summary- Citric Acid Cycle or Kreb’s Cycle

Cellular Respiration Summary- Electron Transport Chain

Glycolysis

ANAEROBIC

Starts with glucose (C6H12O6) Takes place in ( cytosol / mitochondria ) Products are: 2 three carbon pyruvate2 NADH ( energy molecule )2 H2O2 ATP ( energy molecule )

Glycolysis animation

Transition Stage

Is oxygen available?

Yes- Pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA

No- Pyruvate is converted to lactic acid

Citric Acid Cycle (Kreb’s Cycle)

Starts when pyruvate is converted to Acetyl-CoA, then citric acid. Takes place in the ( Cytosol / Mitochondria )

Products are: 6 NADH 2 FADH2 ( energy molecule ) 2 ATP 4 H2O

AEROBIC

Kreb’s cycle animation

Electron Transport Chain(ETC)

Uses H+ from NADH and FADH2 to create a gradient across the membrane Takes place in the ( cytosol / mitochondria ) Products are: H2O 32-34 ATP

AEROBIC

ETC animation

Summary

C6H12O6 + O2 ---- Energy (ATP and heat) + CO2 + H2O

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