Post on 14-Nov-2014
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Plaque Control Professor : Dr. Merlin A. Go
Subject/Section : DCD 121 / DBB
Schedule : TTH * 17:30_18:30 * D 509
Name : Khafi Makoo, Noorallah
Introduction :
What is dental plaque :Dental plaque is a soft sticky and colorless deposit that accumulates on the teethIt cannot be rinsed but removed by brushing. Plaque is a firmly adherent mass of bacteria in a mucopolysaccharide matrix.
Plaque control
is the most essential Step towards maintaining a proper and a healthy Oral Environment .Also it is the removal of microbial plaque and the prevention of its accumulation on the teeth and adjacent gingival tissues
Introduction :
Remember……..!!!
Plaque:• Plaque is a white, sticky substance that builds up every day around your teeth and gums, and on dental appliances.• Plaque can be removed with daily brushing, flossing, and rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash.• If plaque is not removed it hardens into calculus.
Calculus:• Once plaque has been allowed to remain it calcifies. Only a dental professional can then remove calculus.
Plaque
Calculus
Brush
Plaque builds within hours. Brushing your teeth helps oral health because it removes plaque from the surfaces of your teeth and gums.
Floss
Because periodontal disease often begins in areas your toothbrush cannot reach, it’s important to remove plaque from between teeth and just below your gumline by flossing. Rinse
Daily rinsing with an antiseptic mouthwash may add to the benefits of brushing and flossing by reducing plaque between crowded teeth and around hard-to-reach molars.
Methods of Plaque Control:
Mechanical : 1-Individual. 2-Professional. Chemical : 1-Individual. 2-Professional.
Mechanical Plaque Control
1-tooth brush 2-interdental aids
3-other
Individual mechanical plaque control is achieved by :
Tooth brush
Mechanical
Electrical
Mechanical tooth brushing
Design
Electric tooth brushing
They where introduced in 1939
1. Dentifrices/ Toothpastes
2. Mouth Rinses
i. Chlorhexidine Rinse
ii. Essential Oil Rinse
Chemical Plaque Control Agents
TOOTHPASTE / DENTIFRICES
Toothpaste called as dentifrice, is an inclusive term used to describe a powder, paste or gel, used with a toothbrush to aid in the removal of
plaque, biofilm, materia alba, and stain from teeth and soft tissue.
PURPOSE Cleaning Polishing Removal of stains Reduce incidence of tooth decay
Dentifrices
Composition :1-fluoride2-abrasions3-detergents4-humectants5-thickeners6-preservative7-flavoring agents8-sweeteners9-coloring agents10-anticaries agents11-water
It's the most commonly recommend method of removing plaque from interdental areas
Dental Floss
Floss holder
Toothpaste Contents Abrasives (20%-40%) Flavor- (2%) pleasant and must be associated with a “clean”
feeling. E.g. Mint flavor Colouring agent (2%) Binders (2%) Humectants (20%-40%) Detergents (1%-2%) Flavoring agent (2%) Preservatives (<1%) Sweetening agents (2%) Water (20%-40%)
Abrasive Also called as polishing agent Solid, insoluble particles Potential for fluoride interaction Causing abrasion Remove debris and residual strain from teeth
Examples of Abrasives: Aluminium oxide Calcium pyrophosphate Carbonates like sodium bicarbonate, calcium carbonate silicas
Fluoride Actives
Function: Increases resistance to enamel solubility. Restricted usage level (for adults it must be within 1000 to
1450 ppm and for children not more than 1000ppm)
Examples: Sodium fluoride Sodium monofluorophosphate Stannous fluoride
Therapeutic Agents
Anti-caries agents: sodium fluoride and sodium monofluorophosphate
Anti-plaque: Sodium Lauryl Sulphate, Triclosane, Zinc and Stannous ions
Anti-calculus: Pyrophosphate
Anti-dentin hypersensitivity: Potassium salts
Whitening agents: Papain, Dimethicone
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Some toxic components of a toothpaste
• Fluorides: in higher levels cause fluorosis Appear as tiny white streaks or specks Severe form- mottling of enamel, pitting and cracking of teeth, black and
brown stains.• Titanium dioxide: if inhaled can cause lung damage
• Sodium saccharin: FDA lists it as a possible carcinogen
MOUTH RINSES
Chlorhexidine Rinse:This agent has the most positive antibacterial results to date.Have pronounced antiseptic properties.Inhibit the development of plaque, calculus and gingivitis.
Side Effects:Brown staining of the teeth, tongue and silicate resin restorationsTransient impairment of taste perception.
Chlorhexidine Preparation contains: 12% alcohol
Conclusion
Dental plaque is colorless deposit that accumulates on the teeth
Plaque control is the most essential Step towards maintaining a proper and a healthy Oral Environment Plaque Control is done Mechanically and Chemically
There are many technique for Brushing From the factors that determining the selection of
interdental aids are the type of embrasures
Dental Floss It's the most commonly recommend method of removing plaque from interdental areas
Gingival massage produced epithelial thickening , increased keratinization , increased mitotic activity in epithelium and connective tissue
References
Jong’s Community Dental Health, 5th Edition , chapter 7.
Foundation of periodontology for dental hygenic.
Essintial of clinical periodontology and periodondices , 2nd Edition , chapter 37.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dental_hygienist.
THANK YOU